新课堂英语选修七外研版讲义Module5-3

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing过去分词作状语过去分词表被动和完成，作状语时修饰谓语动词表示的动作，其逻辑主语一般是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等，过去分词短语作状语往往可以用相应的状语从句或并列复合句代替。1．表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。可以置于句首，也可以置于句末，有时可置于主语和谓语之间。Seenfromthehill，thetownlooksverybeautiful.＝Whenthetownisseenfromthehill，itlooksverybeautiful.从山顶看，城市很漂亮。2．表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。常置于句首，偶尔置于句末或句中。Encouragedbyhisfather，hecontinuedhisresearchwork.＝Ashewasencouragedbyhisfather，hecontinuedhisresearchwork.由于受到他父亲的鼓舞，他继续他的研究工作。3．表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。这类句子的谓语动词往往用将来时或情态动词。常置于句首。Givenmoremoneyandtime，wewouldhavefinishedthejobearlier.＝Ifwehadbeengivenmoremoneyandtime，wewouldhavefinishedthejobearlier.如果给予更多的钱和时间，我们就会把工作完成得早一点。4．表示行为方式或伴随状况，作方式或伴随状语，相当于并列复合句。置于句首、句中或句末。Thelecturercameintothehall，followedbyagroupofstudents.＝Thelecturercameintothehall，andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.演讲者走进大厅，后面跟着一群学生。5．有时分词前可以用连词加以强调。连词while常接现在分词；when接现在分词或过去分词均可；once，if，though，although，evenif，eventhough，unless，than，as等只能接过去分词。有些过去分词作状语时，没有被动意味，只是表示一种状态或动作的完成。Whendressedinwhite，shelooksreallypretty.穿上白色衣服，她看上去非常漂亮。6．过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别：过去分词表完成、被动，与主句主语之间是被动关系；现在分词表进行、主动，与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个主动的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则可使用现在分词的完成时。Shownaroundthecity，wewereimpressedbythecity'snewlook.在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下了深刻印象。Seeingthepicture，hecouldn'thelpthinkingofhisgoodolddays.＝Whenhesawthepicture，hecouldn'thelpthinkingofhisgoodolddays.看到那张照片，他禁不住想起了美好的往昔。Havingfinishedtheirhomework，thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.＝Afterthechildrenfinishedtheirhomework，theywentouttoplayfootball.做完作业后，孩子出去踢足球了。即时跟踪1用过去分词改写句子1．Whenitiscomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth，thebiggestoceandoesn'tseembigatall.Compared__withthesizeofthewholeearth，thebiggestoceandoesn'tseembigatall.2．Ashewasfrightenedbythetiger，theboydidn'tdaretogotothezooalone.Frightenedbythetiger，theboydidn'tdaretogotothezooalone.3．Ifthesetreesaregrowninrichsoil，theycangrowfaster.Growninrichsoil，thesetreescangrowfaster.4．Hewassittingintheoffice，andhewaslostinthought.Hewassittingintheoffice，lost__in__thought．5．Unlesssheisinvited，shewon'tattendhiswedding.Unless__invited，shewon'tattendhiswedding.6．Althoughheisintroducedtotheyoungman，hestillstandstheresilently.Although__introducedtotheyoungman，hestillstandstheresilently.短语动词短语动词由动词与名词、介词、副词等结合在一起组成，主要有如下几类。动词＋名词这种词组由及物动词加名词构成。要注意名词前是否有冠词，名词是否可数。dropaline写封简信takemedicine服药makeway前进catchthetrain赶火车haveatry试一下动词＋介词这种词组后面都能带名词或相当于名词的成分作宾语，但不一定都能变成被动语态。要特别注意介词的固定搭配。liveon以……为食succeedin成功resultfrom由……造成dependon依靠，取决于resultin导致agreewith同意动词＋副词这种词组有些能带宾语。如果宾语是代词，须放在动词后面、副词前面。如：putiton不可以说putonit。要注意其中副词的固定搭配。makeup弥补；化妆giveout分发；散发makeout弄明白figureout弄懂；算出动词＋名词＋介词要注意这种词组可以带两种宾语，一是词组本身的名词，是前面及物动词的宾语，此时名词前可以用形容词加以修饰，如makebetteruseof；一是整个词组所带的宾语，在变成被动语态时，可能出现该词组的倒装、割裂现象。layemphasison注重，强调takepartin参加losesightof消失payattentionto注意动词＋副词＋介词其中的副词是修饰前面动词的，而介词后面接宾语。keepupwith跟上lookforwardto盼望catchupwith赶上动词＋宾语＋介词这种词组中动词所带的宾语(通常是名词)往往不固定，但介词是固定的，介词所带的宾语(名词、动名词)有些也是比较固定的。变成被动语态时，这类词组也可能出现倒装、割裂现象。keep(prevent，stop)．..from(doing)sth阻止……(做)某事know(tell，distinguish..from..from区别，分辨be＋形容词＋介词be如果去掉，则为形容词短语。begoodat擅长beusedto习惯于beexpertat专于，精通bereadyfor准备好；乐意Iopenupthestoreforthedayataround8：30a．m..我的店大约每天早上8：30开门。Theyareturningwastelandintopaddyfields.他们正在把荒地变为稻田。Youshouldpayattentiontoyourspelling.你应该注意拼写。Iamgoinginforanentranceexaminationnextyear.我明年将参加入学考试。即时跟踪2按动词词组的要求完成句子1．我们决定把会议推迟。(动词＋副词)We'vedecidedtoput__the__meeting__off/put__off__the__meeting．2．我不喜欢喝茶。(动词＋介词)Idon'tcare__fortea.3．她很快赶上了我们。(动词＋副词＋介词)Shesooncaught__up__withus.4．我不在家时，请照看一下我的小孩。(动词＋名词＋介词)Keep__an__eye__onmybabywhileI'mout.5．他是个驾驶赛车的能手。(be＋形容词＋介词)Heis__expert__atdrivingracingcars.Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Having__been__ordered(order)overaweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.(2016·北京)2．Raised(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow，hehadalong，hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.(2015·重庆)3．Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten(write)，thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.(2014·天津)4．Having__spent(spend)nearlyallourmoney，wecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.(2014·江西)5．Founded(found)intheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.(2013·安徽)6．Thejudgesgavenohintofwhattheythought，soIlefttheroomreallyworried(worry)．(2013·上海)7．Whenasked(ask)forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob，Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.(2012·安徽)8．Time，used(use)correctly，ismoneyinthebank.(2012·湖南)Ⅱ.选词填空A)giveaway；appealto；cutoff；liein；turnup1．Whentheirchildrenlivedfarawayfromthem，thesepeoplefeltcut__offfromtheworld.(2016·浙江)2．Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate'sadvantagelies__inhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.(2015·湖北)3．Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturn__upsoonerorlater.(2015·湖北)4．Bodylanguagecangive__awayalotaboutyourmood，sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.(2015·浙江)5．Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappeal__toouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.(2015·浙江)B)breakdown；setdown；comeacross；paysboff；getdownto6．Isthisyournecklace，Mary？Icame__acrossitwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.(2014·湖北)7．Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreak__downsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.(2014·天津)8．Anyway，we'reherenow，solet'sget__down__tosomeseriouswork.(2014·江西)9．RalphW．Emersonwouldalwaysset__downnewideasthatoccurredtohim.(2014·陕西)10．—Dad，Idon'tthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.—Isee.I'llgorightawayandpayhimoff．(2014·江苏)

【文体指导】本模块要求介绍一个少数民族——基诺族，此类文章属于说明文。说明文通常用一般现在时；介绍具体情况时，通常用第三人称，而表达自己的观点时则要用第一人称。说明文对写作格式没有特别要求，只要把内容介绍清楚即可。但要根据需要说明的事物的要点，仔细梳理要点之间的逻辑关系，使得条理清楚，便于表达，切忌逐条翻译，盲目写作。介绍一个群体或民族时，可以简要介绍其形成过程、人口数、居住地、语言、宗教、经济发展状况以及传统特点等，可以围绕一些众所周知的典型特点进行描述。描述时要做到客观准确。【常用句式】1．Itlies/Itislocated...它位于……2．Ithasanareaof...它占地……3．Ithasapopulationof...它有……人口。4．It'srichin...它……丰富。5．Theyaregoodat...他们擅长……6．Theydecoratetheirhouseswith...他们用……装饰自己的房子。7．Themostimportantofallis...最重要的是……8．Thereisatraditionthat...他们的传统是……【写作任务】根据课文66页的内容，写一篇介绍基诺族的短文。写作要点如下：1．介绍基诺族基本情况；2．介绍其经济状况及文化传统。注意：1.词数100左右；2．内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯；3．书写须清晰、工整。【审题谋篇】第一步明确要求本文是介绍基诺族的说明文，主要的任务是把要说明的内容说清楚，人称采用第三人称，时态用一般现在时。第二步确定段落Part1：总体上对基诺族进行介绍Part2：从不同的方面进行具体细致的介绍第三步词汇热身1．有……人口have__a__population__of/with__a__population__of2．当地语native__language3．以农耕和捕鱼为生live__by__farming__and__fishing4．住在上层live__on__the__upper__floor5．以能歌善舞而闻名be__known__as__good__singers__and__dancers第四步句式升级1．基诺族有18000人口。(一般表达)TheJinuoEthnicGrouphasapopulationofaround18，000people.(句式升级1)TheJinuoEthnicGroupisagroupwhich__has__a__population__ofaround18，000people.(定语从句)(句式升级2)TheJinuoEthnicGroupisagroupwith__a__population__ofaround18，000people.(短语作定语)2．他们主要靠农业和渔业为生，主要作物是水稻、玉米和茶叶。(一般表达)Theylivebyfarmingandfishingandtheirmaincropsarerice，maizeandtea.(句式升级)Theylivebyfarmingandfishing，their__main__crops__being__rice，maize__and__tea．(独立主格结构)3．二三十个家庭一起住在上层，动物住在底层。(一般表达)About20or30familieslivetogetherontheupperfloor，whiletheiranimalsarekeptonthegroundfloor.(句式升级1)About20or30familieslivetogetherontheupperfloor，keeping__their__animals__on__the__ground__floor．(现在分词作状语)(句式升级2)About20or30familieslivetogetherontheupperfloor，with__their__animals__kept__on__the__ground__floor．(with复合结构)【连句成篇】TheJinuoEthnicGroupTheJinuoEthnicGrouphasapopulationofaround18，000peoplewhomainlyliveintheJinghongareaofYunnan.TodaytheymostlyspeakChinesealthoughtheirnativelanguageisaChinese-Tibetanlanguagewithnowrittenscript.Theylivebyfarmingandfishing，theirmaincropsbeingrice，maizeandtea.Riceandmaize，alongwithbeans，aretheirstaplefoods.Theyliveinlargehousesmadeofbambooorwoodonmountainslopes.About20or30familieslivetogetherontheupperfloor，withtheiranimalskeptonthegroundfloor.Thewomenusuallywearcolorfuljacketsandshortblackskirts，whilemenwearshortwhitejacketsandwhiteorbluetrousers.Theyareknownasgoodsingersanddancers，andthedrumisaveryimportantinstrumentforthem.InDecembertheyhaveaForgeIronFestivalwithaspecialSun-drumDance，whenolderpeopleplaythedrumandothersdancerounddrum.Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Founded(found)in1921，ourschoolisoneofthemostfamousschoolsinourcity.2．Given(give)moreattention，theresultcouldbebetter.3．Lost(lose)inthought，healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.4．Seriouslyinjured(injure)，theyoungmanwasgivenfirstaidatonce.5．Having__lost(lose)thekey，Ihadtowaituntilmywifecameback.6．Theylayonthegrass，theirhandscrossed(cross)behindtheirheads.7．Seen(see)fromthetopofthetower，thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.8．Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace，compared(compare)withhisoldone.9．Translated(translate)intoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.10．Having__been__told(tell)manytimes，hefinallyunderstoodit.Ⅱ.完成句子11．It'sbadmannerstomake__fun__of(取笑)theold.12．Ican'tput__up__with(忍受)heranylonger.13．Howdoyoudeal__with(处理)theproblem?14．Abigfirebroke__out(发生)lastnightinthefactory.15．Whenishernewnovelcoming__out(出版)?Ⅲ.阅读理解AIoncelivedinasmallvillageinChina.LaterwhenmyfamilymovedtoAmerica，wenotonlybroughtourluggage，butalsoourvillagerules，customsandculture.Oneoftherulesbroughtisthatyoungpeopleshouldalwaysrespectelders.Unluckily，thisruleledtomyveryfirstembarrassmentintheUnitedStates.OnedayanoldcouplecometotherestaurantwhereIworked.Thewifeaskedmehowthefoodcouldbeservedsoquickly.ItoldherthatIhadmadesuretheygottheirfoodquicklybecauseIalwaysrespecttheelderly.AssoonasIsaidthat，herfaceshowedabitanger.Mymanager，whohappenedtohearwhatIsaid，tookmeasideandtoldmealotabouthowAmericansdisliketheword“elder”．Ithenwalkedbacktothetableandapologizedtothewife.Peoplearealwaysproudofbeingoldinmyvillage.Notsomanypeoplelivetobeseventyoreighty，andpeoplewhoreachsuchanagehavethemostknowledgeandexperience.Youngpeoplealwaysrespectolderpeoplebecausetheyknowtheycanlearnfromtheirrichexperience.IntheUnitedStatesmanypeopletrytokeepthemselvesawayfromgrowingoldbydoingexerciseorjogging，andwomenputonmakeup，hopingtolookyoung，becausetheythink“growingold”isaproblemsince“old”showsthatapersonisgoingtoretireorthatthebodyisnotworkingwell.Afterthat，IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.ItisnotthatIdon'trespectthemanymore；Istillrespectthem，butnowIdon'tshowmyfeelingsthroughwords.16．Thewriterapologizedtothewifebecause________．A．themanageraskedhimtodosoB．heservedtheelderlyslowlyC．thecouplewantedhimtodosoD．thecoupledidn'tlikebeingcalled“elder”答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Mymanager，whohappenedtohearwhatIsaid，tookmeasideandtoldmealotabouthowAmericansdisliketheword‘elder’．”可知答案。17．Inthewriter'shometown，________．A．peopledislikebeingcalled“old”B．peopleareproudofbeingoldC．manypeoplereachtheageofseventyoreightyD．theelderlyarethefirsttogetfoodinrestaurants答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Peoplearealwaysproudofbeingoldinmyvillage.”可知答案。18．AccordingtoParagraph4，people________．A．dislikebeinggrowingoldB．likedoingexerciseC．havetoretireatanearlyageD．arealwaysputonmakeup答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...becausetheythink‘growingold’isaproblemsince‘old’showsthatapersonisgoingtoretireorthatthebodyisnotworkingwell.”可知答案。19．Afterthisexperience，thewriter________．A．losthisjobintherestaurantB．madefriendswiththecoupleC．nolongerrespectedtheelderlyD．changedhiswaywitholderpeople答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Afterthat，IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.”可知答案。BAgroupofeightpublichighschoolstudentsinMassachusetts，aged15to17，designedandrantheirownschoolwithinaschool.TheynamedtheirpracticetheIndependentProject.Theyrepresentedtheusualrange：twowereclosetodroppingoutbeforetheystartedtheproject，whileotherswerehonorsstudents.Theirguidanceteacherwastheiradviser，consultingwiththemwhenthegroupencountereddifficulties.ThoughtheysoughtadvicefromEnglish，mathandscienceteachers，theywereresponsibleformonitoringoneanother'sworkandgivingoneanotherfeedback.Therewerenogrades，butattheendoftheterm，thestudentswroteevaluationsoftheirclassmates.Thestudentsalsodesignedtheirowncourse.Inadditiontosomeregularcourses，theyeachtookonan“individualproject”，learningtoplaythepianoortocook，writinganovelormakingavideoaboutdomestic(国内的)violence.Attheendoftheterm，theyperformedtheirnewskillsinfrontoftheentireschool.Thelastpartoftheirself-designedcoursewastodoa“collectiveproject”thathadsocialsignificance.Becausetheyfeltthewholeexperiencehadbeensolife—changing，theyendedupmakingafilmshowinghowotherstudentscouldstartandruntheirownschools.Theprojectwasasuccess.Afterreturningtotheirtraditionalstudy，thestudentshavehighmotivationandaredoingwell.Onestudentwhohadfailedallofhispreviousmathcoursesspentthreeweeksteachingtheothersaboutprobability.Thelessonlearnedhereisthatifstudentsaregiventheopportunitytotakecontrolorcontributesignificantlytotheirownlearningtheywillbecomemoreaccomplished，moreengagedandmoreknowledgeable.Thestudentsintheprojectareremarkablebecausetheydemonstratethekindsoflearningandpersonalgrowththatarepossiblewhenteenagersfeelownershipoftheirhighschoolexperience，learnthingsthatmattertothemandlearntogether.20．ThestudentsinvolvedintheIndependentProject________．A．didn'tneedtolearncommonlessonsB．tendedtoescapefromthewholesocietyC．wereunwillingtosharetheirexperiencesD．focusedonself-studyandworkingtogether答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，在独立课堂的学生们主要是自学和互学，故选项D符合题意。21．AccordingtoParagraph4，weknowthat________．A．thetraditionalstudyisbetterthantheprojectB．allthestudentshadfailedtheirmathcoursesC．thestudentshavefreedomtodesigntheirlessonsD．theprojectwasmainlyconcernedwithmathcourses答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Thestudentsalsodesignedtheirowncourse.”可知选项C符合题意。22．Theprojectmadethestudentsoutstandingbecause________．A．theyareunusuallytalentedB．theyhavebetterbackgroundsC．theyhavesupportiveteachersD．theyareownersoftheireducation答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thestudentsintheprojectareremarkablebecausetheydemonstratethekindsoflearningandpersonalgrowththatarepossiblewhenteenagersfeelownershipoftheirhighschoolexperience...”可推知，他们的教育他们自己做主，故选项D符合题意。Ⅳ.语法填空Sarah：Welcometotheprogram.ThisafternoonI'mstandinginthemiddleofthenorthernBlackForest，withRainerSanger.Rainer：Goodafternoon，Sarah.Sarah：Rainer，you'revery23.concerned(concern)aboutthisareaoftheforest，aren'tyou？Canyoutelluswhy?Rainer：Well，muchoftheforest24.was__wiped(wipe)outintheterriblestormlastwinter，25.as/whichyoucansee.Manyofthetreesare26.dead(die)，andmorearedyingbecause27.ofthedamage.Webelievethatthegovernmentisn'tdoingenoughrightnow28.to__make(make)thisbeautifulforestgetintoitsformerstate.Sarah：Isee.Buthaveyouspokentothegovernmentaboutthis?Rainer：Wehavetried，29.buteachtimetheysaythattheyhaven'tgotenoughmoney.Theyarealwaysusingmoneyastheexcuse.It'sgettingreally30.disappointing(disappoint)!Sarah：Butit'snotjustanexcuse，isit？Theyclearlydon'thaveenoughmoneyforeverythingandthestormwas31.anunexpectedoccurrence.Rainer：Ofcourse，weappreciatethat，andthepointis32.thatactuallywearen'taskingformuchmoney.Wewouldjustliketogettheirguidance—wecanprovidevolunteerstoworkontheforest.Ⅴ.短文改错TheSpringFestivalisamostimportanttraditionalfestivalforChinesepeople.OnJanuary1stofthelunarcalendar，peoplewelldressedandthewholefamilypaysavisittotheoldestgeneration.PeerssendNewYeargreetingswitheachother.TheeldermembersgavemoneyinaredenvelopetothechildrenasNewYeargiftstocongratulateonourgrowth.Intheafternoonandthefollowingtwodays，peoplewillvisittheirrelativeandfriends，butmanypeoplehavemadeuseofmoderntechnologies:theysendregardstoeachotherthroughvideophones.Nowadays，videophoneshaveenteredinpeople'slives.Whensentgreetingstotheiracquaintances，theytalkonthelineasiftheyarechattingfacetoface.答案TheSpringFestivaliseq\f(a,the)mostimportanttraditionalfestivalforChinesepeople.OnJanuary1stofthelunarcalendar，peopleeq\a\vs4\al(∧,are)welldressedandthewholefami