新课堂英语选修七外研版讲义Module6-3

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing名词性从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气用于名词性从句中，常可表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等，其虚拟语气的构成往往由“(should＋)动词原形”构成。1．宾语从句的虚拟语气巧记宾语从句中常用虚拟语气的动词一坚持→insist二命令→order，command三建议→suggest，advise，recommend四要求→require，request，demand，desireHeinsistedthattheoldman(should)besenttohospitalatonce.他坚持立刻把这位老人送往医院。Heorderedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.他命令立即开始做这项工作。Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.我建议我们立刻出发。Thedriverdemandedthatallthepassengers(should)showtheirticketstohim.司机要求所有的乘客向他出示票据。注意：(1)suggest意为“建议”时，从句中应用虚拟语气；意为“表明，暗示”时，则应用陈述语气。(2)insist意为“坚持认为、坚持说”时用陈述语气，其他则用虚拟语气。Opinionpollssuggestthatonly10%ofthepopulationtruststhegovernment.民意调查显示只有10%的人们信任这届政府。Hisfriendsinsistedhehadnoconnectionwithdrugs.他的朋友坚持说他和毒品无关。2．主语从句的虚拟语气(1)Itis＋形容词/名词＋that从句，that从句(主语从句)中谓语动词有时用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类形容词有urgent，necessary，essential，important，appropriate，advisable，preferable，natural，strange等。(2)Itis＋过去分词＋that从句，that从句中的谓语动词有时用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类过去分词有：suggested，ordered，desired，proposed，recommended，requested，required，demanded等。It'snecessarythatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.我们有必要学好英语。Itisrequiredthatwe(should)finishourworktoday.要求我们今天完成工作。3．表语从句和同位语从句的虚拟语气在以suggestion，advice，recommendation，demand，order，plan，proposal等表示主张、建议、命令的词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。Hisproposalisthatwe(should)turnoffTVforhalfanhoureveryday.他的建议是我们每天关闭电视半小时。Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestionthatwesendafewworkerstohelpothergroups?你认为我的那个我们应该派几个工人去帮助其他小组的建议如何？即时跟踪1用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Thejudgeorderedthattheperson(should)be__sent(send)fortrial.2．HansenhasproposedthatI(should)become(become)hisbusinesspartner.3．Herexpressiononherfacesuggestedthatshewas(be)veryhappy.4．Imadethesuggestionthatthey(should)stick(stick)totheplantheyhadmade.5．Myadviceisthatyou(should)give(give)upsmoking.Mr.BlackequestedthatMr.Black(should)sing(sing)asongattheeveningparty.地点、条件、让步状语从句1．地点状语从句在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导地点状语从句的常用引导词有：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere等。地点状语从句相当于to/in/fromtheplace(s)where...或in/to/fromanyplacewhere...结构。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.有志者事竟成。Whereveryougo，Igotoo.无论你去什么地方，我都去。2．条件状语从句在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词为：if，unless，as/solongas，once，incase，onconditionthat，supposing(that)，providing(that)，provided(that)等。Providing/Supposing/Provided(that)youpromisenottotellanyoneelse，I'lltellyouthatsecret.只要你保证不告诉任何人，我就告诉你那个秘密。注意：(1)条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用将来时。Youwillfindawayifyouuseyourhead.动动脑子，你就会找到办法的。Don'tenterthelabunlesstheteachertellsyouto.不要进实验室，除非老师允许。(2)注意条件状语从句中的省略情况。状语从句的省略原则：如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致或者从句主语为it，从句中谓语动词含有be的形式，通常可把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(be)省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。Thegirlnevergaveinunlesswrong.这个女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。3．让步状语从句在句子中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句，让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时可置于句中。让步状语从句通常由下列词或短语引导：although，though，evenif，eventhough，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever，however，while等。(1)though/although，这两个词几乎完全相同，though比although通俗，但不如although那么正式，两者通常互换使用。主句不用but，但是可以加yet或still，though引导的从句可以把表语、状语、动词等提至句首。Youngthoughsheis，shehastravelledtomanycountrieswithherparents.尽管她很年轻，她已经和父母旅行了很多国家。(2)eventhough/evenif，这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，常常译为“再退一步说”。Eventhough/Evenifhesaysso，wedonotbelieveit.即便他这样说，我们也不相信。(3)as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去。SucceedasIdid，Iwouldgoontoworkhard.尽管我成功了，但我将继续努力。(4)whether(...)ornot/whether...or...引导的让步状语从句表示“不论是否……”，“不管……还是……”之意。该复合连词引导的让步状语从句表示正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Ireallydon'tcareaboutit，whetherhewillstayornot.不管他是否留下来，我确实不关心。(5)“疑问词＋ever”在引导让步状语从句时常可换成“nomatter＋相应的疑问词”。在引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词＋-ever”这类词。I'lltaketheheavyboxhomehoweverdifficultitis.(＝I'lltaketheheavyboxhomenomatterhowdifficultitis.)不管多么困难，我都要把这个重箱子带回家。(6)while也可以引导让步状语从句，翻译成“尽管”。Whiletheyaremyneighbors，Idon'tknowthemwell.尽管他们是我的邻居，我对他们了解得并不多。即时跟踪2根据句意填上恰当的引导词1．Whateverhappened，hewouldnotmind.2．Whetherwegoorstay，theresultisthesame.3．Childas/thoughhewas，heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.4．Unlesssomethingunexpectedhappens，I'llseeyoutomorrow.5．It'soneofthefewcountrieswherepeopledriveontheleft.Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1．Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone，Iwould__have__been__injured(injure)．(2016·天津)2．Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyouhad__told(tell)me，Icouldhavehelped.(2016·北京)3．Whateveryoudo，don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.(2016·江苏)4．Ilearnedthatifyoufallinlovewithsomethinganddoitallthetime，youwillgetbetteratit.(2016·天津)5．Though/Althoughscientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse，thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.(2015·安徽)6．Oncethedamageisdone，itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.(2015·北京)7．Halfanhourlater，Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxiwherethebushaddroppedher.(2014·重庆)Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.eq\f(If,Though/Although)IwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.(2015·浙江，短文改错)2．Nobodycantakeyourpartinmyheart.eq\f(Whenever,Wherever)Iam，Iwillalwaysloveyou.(2012·四川，短文改错)【文体指导】本模块要求写一篇介绍文化遗产的说明文。一个民族文化的根基，一种精神文明的传承，需要载体。悠久的文化，是基于千年文化遗产(例如风俗、习惯、传统表演艺术、古遗址、古建筑等)之上的。吸引更多的年轻人参与到文化遗产保护、研究和文化旅游中来，可促进年轻人树立对遗产地的正确认知态度。教育、引导、宣传都是必要的。该模块的内容及写作要求正好体现了这一点。该类短文的写作对于时态的选用要视情况而定。如果关于对古迹的历史介绍，则需采用过去时态；若对其现在情况的介绍则要用现在时态。写作时，首先要引出所要介绍的对象，要让读者明白你将要介绍什么；要突出其作为历史文化遗产的主要特点。其次，在作具体介绍时，要注意理清要点，表述条理，同时注意使用多种句式，避免重复使用一个句式。最后要做到对全文的总结。让人们对其产生深刻印象，并能引发读者的共鸣。总结的好，能起到画龙点睛的作用。【常用句式】1．Therebe/lies/stands...in...在……有/矗立着……2．Firstly，...Secondly，...首先……，其次……3．What'smore...此外/而且……4．Itisconsideredtobeoneofthemost...inhistory.它被认为是历史上最……的……之一。5．Itcoversanareaof...它占地……6．Ithasahistoryof...它有……年的历史。7．Itisonthelistof...它在……的名单上。8．Itusedtobeusedto...过去它被用来做……9．Itislocated/situatedin/to/on/at...它坐落在……10．Itisthoughttobe...它被认为是……【写作任务】根据表格中的提示用英语写一篇短文介绍天坛。题目自拟。位置：北京南郊年代：大约600年的历史面积：273公顷建筑特点、用途和历史地位1.明清皇帝祭天和祈求丰收的地方；2.世界最伟大的建筑之一；3.设计师充分利用颜色、声音及圆和方数据设计了“天”一样的建筑；4.圆形被广泛用于天坛设计中，体现了“天圆地方”的传统观念；5.1998年被列为世界文化遗产，每年吸引大量世界各地游客来参观。参考词汇：公顷hectare祭祀worship祈祷prayfor注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。【审题谋篇】第一步明确要求本篇文章为介绍世界文化遗产天坛的英语短文，属于介绍事物的说明文。文章除了介绍天坛的基本信息以外，还要突出介绍它的建筑特色，如：自然景观、人文景观等，为列入世界文化遗产埋下伏笔。时态要根据具体情况来确定，写它的历史时就用过去时态，而写目前的情况时则用现在时态。第二步确定段落Para1：介绍天坛概况Para2：介绍其历史、建造目的、建筑风格等Para3：介绍天坛现状第三步词汇热身1．坐落于be__situated/located__in/to/on/at2．占地……cover__an__area__of...3．被认为是……be__regarded__as...4．明清时期the__Ming__and__Qing__dynasties5．倾向于……tend__to__do...第四步句式升级1．天坛坐落于北京南部，占地面积273公顷。(一般表达)TheTempleofHeavenissituatedinthesouthernpartofthecityofBeijingandcoversanareaof273hectares.(句式升级1)TheTempleofHeaven，situated__inthesouthernpartofthecityofBeijing，coversanareaof273hectares.(分词作定语)(句式升级2)Covering__an__area__of273hectares，theTempleofHeavenissituatedinthesouthernpartofthecityofBeijing.(分词作状语)2．它被认为是世界上最伟大的建筑之一。(一般表达)Itisconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestarchitecturalstructuresintheworld.(句式升级)Itis__regarded__asoneofthegreatestarchitecturalstructuresintheworld.(高级词汇)3．在设计这个像“天”一样的建筑时，设计师充分利用颜色、声音及圆和方的数据。(一般表达)Whentheydesignedthisheaven-likestructure，thedesignersmadegooduseofthecolor，sound，andfiguresofthecircleandsquare.(句式升级)When__designingthisheaven－likestructure，thedesignersmadegooduseofthecolor，sound，andfiguresofthecircleandsquare.(状语从句的省略)4．1998年被列入世界文化遗产，每年吸引世界各地成千上万的游客。(一般表达)Itwaslistedasaworldheritagesitein1998．Itattractsthousandsofpeoplefromallovertheworldeveryyear.(句式升级1)Itwaslistedasaworldheritagesitein1998，attractingthousandsofpeoplefromallovertheworldeveryyear.(分词作结果状语)(句式升级2)After__being__listedasaworldheritagesitein1998，itattractsthousandsofpeopleallovertheworldeveryyear.(分词作时间状语)【连句成篇】TheTempleofHeavenTheTempleofHeaven，situatedinthesouthernpartofthecityofBeijing，coversanareaof273hectares.Itisregardedasoneofthegreatestarchitecturalstructuresintheworld.Builtabout600yearsago，itwastheplacewheretheemperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesworshipedheavenandprayedforagoodharvest.Whendesigningthisheaven－likestructure，thedesignersmadegooduseofthecolor，sound，andfiguresofthecircleandsquare.Asweknow，ancientChinesetendedtobelievethattheskywascircularandtheearthwassquare.Accordingtothistraditionalconcept，circleswerewidelyusedinthedesign.Becauseofitsuniqueconstructionandspecialpurpose，itwaslistedasaworldheritagesitein1998，attractingthousandsofpeoplefromallovertheworldeveryyear.Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Histremblinghandssuggestedthathewas(be)ill.2．Ourteachersuggestedthatwestudents(should)help(help)witheachotherwhenintrouble.3．It'snecessarythatthework(should)be__done(do)inoneday.4．Thegovernmentinsiststhepriceofthehouse(should)go(go)down.5．Whathesaidinsistedthattheyoungmanbroke(break)hiswindows.6．Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)wear(wear)schooluniformsatschool.7．Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)try(try)ourbesttohelpthestudents.8．Atlastheacceptedmyadvicethatwe(should)put(put)offthemeeting.Ⅱ.完成句子9．Unless(I'm)invited(除非被邀请)，Iwon'tgototheirweddingceremony.10．Wherever/No__matter__where__you__go(不管你去哪里)，Iwillmissyouforever.11．Putthebookswhere__they__were(原来的地方)．12．Youcangoswimmingas__long__as/on__condition__that__you__don't__go__too__far(只要你不离开太远)fromtheriverbank.13．Much__as/though__I__like__it或Although/Though__I__like__it__very__much(虽然我很喜欢它)，Iwon'tbuyit，forit'stooexpensive.Ⅲ.阅读理解AThediscoveryofanancientgiantpandaskullhasconfirmeditsbamboodietdatesbackmorethan2millionyearsandmayhaveplayedakeypartinitssurvival.AChinese-USresearchteamreportsitsresultstodayfollowingstudiesonafossilskullfoundinsouthChina'sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionin2001.ThesixfossilsunearthedinJinyinCavearedatedbetween2.4and2millionyearsago，accordingtothereportinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences，aninfluentialUSjournal.JinChangzhu，oftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS)andleadauthorofthepaper，saidthesmallerfossilskullindicatesthegiantpandaswereaboutathirdsmallerthantoday'spandas.Researchersknewthepandareacheditsmaximumsizeabout500，000yearsago，whenitpeaked，andthengraduallybecamesmaller.Jin，apaleontologist(古生物学者)attheInstituteofVertebratePaleontologyandPaleoanthropology(古人类学)attachedtotheCAS，saidthesizevariationwasabasicruleofevolution.“Aspeciestendstogrowbiggerwhenitreachesthepeakofitspopulation，butbecomessmallerwhennumbersdecline，”hesaid.Thedentalremainsoftheskull，whichistheoldestgiantpandaskulleverfound，aresimilartotoday'spandas，indicatingthetypeofteeththatcouldmunch(津津有味地嚼)mountainsofbamboo.Apandacaneatupto40kgofbambooperday.PaleoanthropologistRussellCiochon，theUSco-authorattheUniversityofLowa，saidthepanda'sfocusonbamboocouldhavehelpeditsurvivealltheseyears.“Onceananimalbeginstorelyonacommonandstablefoodsource，suchasbamboo，ittendstoevolvealargerbodysize，”hesaid.“Asindividualsoftheevolvingspeciesgrowbigger，theyhaveabetterchancenottobeeatenbypredators(肉食动物)duetotheirlargerbodysize.”14．AccordingtotheresearchoftheCAS，thereweremostpandasintheworld________．A．2millionyearsagoB．between2.4and2millionyearsagoC．500，000yearsagoD．Nowadays答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段“Researchersknewthepandareacheditsmaximumsizeabout500，000yearsago，whenitpeaked，andthengraduallybecamesmaller.”可知500，000年以前的大熊猫数量是最多的。故选C。15．Theunderlinedword“variation”inPara.6means“________”．A．fall B．changeC．increase D．decrease答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第七段“‘Aspeciestendstogrowbiggerwhenitreachesthepeakofitspopulation，butbecomessmallerwhennumbersdecline，’hesaid.”可知，一个物种的数量达到顶峰，它们的体型会变大，而数量减少，体型会变小。由此可知此处指的是体型的改变。故选B。16．Fromthepassage，wecanlearn________．A．pandasbegantoeatbamboo2millionyearsagoB．aspeciestendstogrowsmallerwhennumbersdeclineC．thegiantpandaswereaboutathirdthesizeoftoday'spandasD．pandas'bamboohasplayedanimportantroleinitsdevelopment答案B解析细节理解题。根据第七段“‘Aspeciestendstogrowbiggerwhenitreachesthepeakofitspopulation，butbecomessmallerwhennumbersdecline，’hesaid.”可知当一个物种数量减少时，这种生物的体型会变小，故选B。BWhenwethinkofAnhui，weusuallythinkofMountHuangfirst.However，ifyoutakespecialnoticeoftheancientvillagesnearby，youmaybepleasantlysurprisedatthevillagesXidiandHongcun.XidiandHongcunaretwoancientvillageslocatedinYixianCounty，AnhuiProvince.Inthemtheoriginalresidential(住宅的)styleoftheMingandQingDynastiesisperfectlypreserved(保存)．Theyarehonoredas“LivingAncientResidentialMuseums”byexpertsandtouristsathomeandabroad.TheywerealsoputonUNESCO'slistofworldculturalheritagesitesin2000.Xidiis700meterslongand300meterswide.Itlies8kilometersnortheastofYixianCountyandwasbuiltinthe11thcenturyAD.Itissurroundedbymountains.Twostreamscutthroughthevillage，andasyouwalkdown-stream，youcantakeineverythingataglance.Itispleasingtoboththeeyesandthemind.Atpresent，thereare122well-preservedancientresidentialareasinthevillage.Peoplecometoseeitnotonlyforthearchitecture，butalsoforitsrichculture.HongcunissimilartoXidiinitsarchitecturalstyle.Itislocated10kilometersnortheastofYixianCountyandwasbuiltduringtheSongDynasty(960AD—1279AD)．TheHallsofChengzhi，JingxiuandDongxianaretypicalofthattime.Withtheirmarbled(有大理石颜色或花纹的)floors，blacktiles，freshredlanternsandbeautifulwoodcarvings，theyarecalled“theFolkImperialPalaces”．Asyouwalkonthevillagepaths，youwillseepainterseverywhere.ManytraditionalChinesepaintingsareaboutthesetwovillages，whicharepopularallovertheworld.17．Accordingtothepassage，whatisthemostfamousinAnhui?A．MountHuang. B．Xidi.C．Hongcun. D．Ancientvillages.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“WhenwethinkofAnhui，weusuallythinkofMountHuangfirst.”可知A项正确。18．ThetwovillageshaveallthefollowingincommonEXCEPTthat________．A．theywerebuiltinthesamedynastyB．theyarebothhonoredas“theFolkImperialPal-aces”C．theyarebothonUNESCO'slistofworldculturalheritagesitesD．theybothappearinmanyChinesepaintings答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章内容可知A、C、D三项正确。B项是指宏村的theHallsofChengzhi，JingxiuandDongxian，因此选B。19．XidiVillage________．A．ishonoredforhavingbeautifulnaturalsceneryB．has122well-preservedancientresidentialareasC．ishonoredastheworld'sculturalheritagesiteD．ishonoredas“theFolkImperialPalaces”答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Atpresent，thereare122well-preservedancientresidentialareasinthevillage.”可知B项正确。20．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutHongcun?A．Itlies8kilometersnortheastofYixianCounty.B．Itwasstartedin960AD.C．IthasbuildingsoftheQingDynasty.D．It'scalled“theFolkImperialPalaces”．答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inthemtheoriginalresidential(住宅的)styleoftheMingandQingDynastiesisperfectlypreserved(保存)．”可知C项是正确的。Ⅳ.语法填空Onceayeararaceisheldforoldcars.Alotofcarsenteredforthisracelastyearandthere21.was(be)agreatdealofexcitementjustbeforeitbegan.Oneofthe22.most__handsome(handsome)carswasaRolls-RoyceSilverGhost.Themostunusualcar23.thathadonlythreewheelswasaBenz.24.Built(build)in1885，itwastheoldestcartakingpart.Afteragreatmanyloud25.explosions(explode)，theracebegan.Manyofthecars26.broke(break)hem！Afewcars，however，completedtherace.Thewinningcarreached28.aspeedoffortymilesanhour—muchfasterthananyofitsrivals(对手)．Itspeddownhillattheendoftheraceanditsdriverhadalotoftrouble29.trying(try)tostopit.Theracegaveeveryoneagreatdealofpleasure.Itwasverydifferentfrommoderncarsbutnoless30.exciting(excite)．Ⅴ.短文改错LastWednesday，wewerehavingourEnglishclasswhenateachersuddenlyslippedandfell.Weareallworriedabouthim.Oneoftheboycarriedhimontheback，withthehelpofsomeothers，totheclinicimmediate.Itturnedoutthatherrightlegwasbrokenbuthehadtostayinhospital.Thefollowingday，wewenttovisithimwithflowersandfruit.Seenhimlyinginbedwithhislegwrappedinbandages，sowefelts