SAT可汗阅读生词-science

可汗阅读生词-Science目录TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"Passage:ThesearedaysofLasersintheJungle 2…\o"CurrentDocument"passage:EatLesstoLiveLonger 6\o"CurrentDocument"Passage:NASA,sNuSTARhelpssolveriddleofBlackHolesSpin 7Passage:AmphibiansinCrisis 9.\o"CurrentDocument"Passage:MagneticresonanceImaging 1.1\o"CurrentDocument"Passage：salicylic 1.3.\o"CurrentDocument"Passage:DarkEnergy. 15\o"CurrentDocument"Passage:AreVirusAlive? 16.

Passage：ThesearedaysofLasersintheJungle（带口★为高频必背词/粗体为本文所用含义/带※号的可不记）生词释义例句Disrobe1.脱下衣服2。揭示、暴露JustastheMoon,shistorywasdisrobedbylaserranging50yearsago,earth,stropicalforestsaregivinguptheirsecretstothelight.Airborne1.空气传播的，2.飞行的，空运的Detection发现，侦查thedetectionrateformurderisover90percent.RangeV排列、延伸；漫游；包括，变动N.范围，幅度，种类。。。Ecologist生态学家Variation变化，差异，变体awidevariationinpricesvariationsonatheme主题变奏曲★tropical热带的probev调查，探究，探测n探测仪；宇宙探测器toprobeformoreinformationintricate复杂的dimension维度，方面intwo/threedimensions二维/三维totakeonawholenewdimension呈现一个全新的特点tobringoraddanewdimensionto…

为…增添新的内容canopy罩，华盖；树冠层unveil为。。。揭幕；公布mounting增长的，加剧的~costs,unemployment，threatstorehouse仓库，宝库drought旱灾clandestine秘密的，偷偷摸摸的派10gging伐木※匕心h.自以为是的，轻率的.俗艳的operation运转，实施。行动Gold-miningoperationquintessential典型的~character,quality,exampledisturbance打扰，弄乱；骚乱hecouldbrooknodisturbanceofhisroutinetocauseadisturbanceofthepeacedeconstruct解构peer-review同行评价★skyrocket飞涨★plummet坠落，暴跌hectare公顷slog1.埋头苦干，艰难前进2.猛击log记录staggering令人难以相信的，巨大的news,success,loss，contrast

offsetemission抵消nightmarish噩梦般的self-defeating事与愿违的thatwouldbeself-defeating那会弄巧成拙★enterprise.企业=company.事业，有风险的计划=venture.进取心，创业精神二initiative派人110巾。1「厄异种分布的inlieuof=Insteadofestimation估计diameter直径tackon添加Tackedontothebackend★inherent内在的，固有的(不要记成“遗传的“)withitsinherentriskstobeinherentin[something]»groundtruth地面实况，实际地貌资料vis-a-vis|,viz'vi|㊀(inrelation口)关于㊁(ascomparedwith)同…相比China'spositionvis-a-visclimatechange中国对于气候变化的立场thevalueoftheRMBvis-a-visothercurrencies人民币对其他货币的比值spatial空间的★explicit1.(precise)详细、明确的tobeexplicitabout[something];

2.直截了当的criticism,opposition,support。。。★implicit含蓄的，内在的archive档案verifiable可证实的constancy.忠诚可靠：thequalityofbeingfaithfulanddependable..持久不衰thequalityofbeingenduringandunchangingthetradewindsarenotedforconstancyinspeedanddirection.fraud1.诈骗2.骗子extrapolate1.推断，外推SatelliteLidardataremainsparse,providingonlyextrapolated,coarse-resulationcarbonestimateswithveryhighuncertainties.coarse1.粗糙2.粗鲁resolution.坚定.决心，决议.（物理学的）解析度、分解theresolutionoflightintothecoloursofthespectrum光分解为光谱颜色eliminate1.排除，消除2.淘汰convert.changeintosth.Else.换算.使转变信仰toconvertthecountryfromaprimitivesocietytoanear-industrialoneheconvertedfromatheismtoZenBuddhism

transformchange改变convertintodifferentform改变…的形态coolingtransformsthemoistureintoiceparticles.losinghisjobhadtransformedhimintoaradical。3.passage：EatLesstoLiveLonger（带★为高频必背词陶体为本文所用含义/带※号的可不记）surefire/Jb'fai/adj.准不会有错的，一定成功的Scientistshaveknownformorethan70yearsthattheonesurefirewaytoextendthelivesofanimalswastocutcaloriesbyanaverageof30to40percent.unravel/An'r^vl/vt.解开;阐明；拆散；vi.散开;解决Nowanewstudybeginstounravelthemysteryandthemechanismbywhichreducingfoodintakeprotectscellsagainstagingandage-relateddiseases.enzyme/'enzaim/n.〈生化＞酶mitochondria/.mait'kandrin/＜生＞线粒体powerhouse/'pauhaus/n发电所;精力充沛的人;身强力壮的人ResearchersreportinthejournalCellthatthephenomenonislikelylinkedtotwoenzymes-SIRT3andSIRT4—inmitochondria(thecell'spowerhousethat,among10othertasks,convertsnutrientstoenergy).cascade/k田s'keid/n.小瀑布;喷流;层叠vi.像瀑布般冲下或倾泻vt.使瀑布似地落下Theyfoundthatacascadeofreactionstriggeredbylowercaloricintakeraisesthelevelsoftheseenzymes,leadingtoanincreaseinthestrengthandefficiencyofthecellularbatteries.invigorate/in'vigreit/vt.使生气勃勃;使精力充沛；使健壮Byinvigoratingthemitochondria,SIRT3andSIRT4extendthelifeofcells,bypreventingflaggingmitochondriafromdevelopingtinyholes(orpores)intheirmembranesthatallowproteinsthattriggerapoptosis,orcelldeath,toseepoutintotherestofthecell.membrane/'membrein/n.膜;薄膜Byinvigoratingthemitochondria,SIRT3andSIRT4extendthelifeofcells,bypreventingflaggingmitochondriafromdevelopingtinyholes(orpores)intheirmembranesthatallowproteinsthattriggerapoptosis,orcelldeath,toseepoutintotherestofthecell.Xapoptosis/,小p'tusis/n.［细胞］凋亡pathology/p'0nld3i/n.病理（学）★analogous/'n田lgs/adj.相似的，可比拟的;＜生＞同功的Sincethen,histeamhasbeensearchingforananalogousgenethatplaysasimilarroleinthemammaliancell.mammalian/m田'meiljn/n.哺乳动物;adj.哺乳动物的XNAMPT烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶

surge/s3：d3/n.（感情等）洋溢，奔放;浪涛般汹涌奔腾vi.（人群等）蜂拥而出;vi.（感情等）洋溢，奔放;（波涛等）汹涌，奔腾Thetwo-tofour-foldsurgeinNAMPTinturntriggerstheproductionofamoleculecalledNAD(nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide)，whichplaysakeyroleincellularmetabolismandsignaling.XNAD烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸;辅酶metabolism/mi't4boliz(o)m/新陈代谢uptick/'Aptik/n.［商］报升（股票成交价格比上一个交易的为高）TheuptickinNADlevelsactivatestheSIRT3andSIRT4genes,increasinglevelsoftheircorrespondingSIRT3andSIRT4enzymes,whichthenfloodtheinteriorofthemitochondria.beefup增加;加强Sinclairsayshe'snotsureexactlyhowSIRT3andSIRT4beefupthemitochondria'senergyoutput,butthateventsleadingtocelldeathareattheveryleastdelayedwhentherearevastquantitiesoftheenzymes.sirtuin抗衰老酶modulate/'mndjuleit/vt.调节;调整;（信号）调制vi.调制;转调SIRT3andSIRT4arepartofafamilycalledsirtuins(SIRT1,whichhelpsextendcelllifebymodulatingthenumberofrepairproteinsfixingDNAdamagebothinsideandoutsidethecell'snucleus,isalsoamember).homologue/'hpmslpg/n.同族体;相当或相同的事物SIRTisshortforsir-2homologue-awell-studiedproteinthatisknowntoextendyeastcelllongevity.stave/steiv/v.避开,挡开,延迟AccordingtoSinclair,allofthemammalianSIRTgenes(andtheirproteins)arepossibledrugtargetsfortherapiesaimedatextendinglife,aswellasstavingoffage-relatedillnesses,suchasAlzheimerdisease,cancersandmetabolicdisorders,likediabetes.Alzheimerdisease/'田lts.haimoz/n.老年痴呆症standpoint/'st田n(d)pDint/n.立场；观点“IthinkSIRT3isthenextmostinterestingsirtuinfromadrugdevelopmentstandpoint,”Sinclairsays.“Itdoesprotectcells,butthere'sgrowingevidencethatitmaymediatethebenefitsofexerciseaswell.”mediate/'mi:dieit/vi.调解;斡旋；居中；vt.调停;传达;adj.间接的;居间的“IthinkSIRT3isthenextmostinterestingsirtuinfromadrugdevelopmentstandpoint,”Sinclairsays.“Itdoesprotectcells,butthere'sgrowingevidencethatitmaymediatethebenefitsofexerciseaswell.”Passage：NASA’sNuStar h创pssolveriddleofBlackHolesSpinobservatory/0b'z3：v0t(o)ri/n.天文台;气象台Xspectroscopic/.spektrs'skopik/adj.分光镜的，借助分光镜的TwoX-rayspaceobservatories,NASA'sNuclearSpectroscopicTelescopeArray(NuSTAR)andtheEuropeanSpaceAgency'sXMM-Newton,haveteameduptomeasure,forthefirsttime,thespin

rateofablackholewithamasstwomilliontimesthatofoursun.supermassive/'sju:po,m田siv/特大的质量的spin旋转gravity/'gr田viti/n.万有引力；地心引力；重力；严重性；严肃，庄严headquarters/hed'kwo:tsz/n.（机构，企业等的）总部，总店同令部，指挥部fabric/'f田brik/n.织物，布;构造，组织TheobservationsalsoareapowerfultestofEinstein'stheoryofgeneralrelativity,whichsaysgravitycanbendspace-time,thefabricthatshapesouruniverse,andthelightthattravelsthroughit.翻译:这些观察也有力地测试了爱因斯坦的广义相对论，即重力可以弯曲时空，形成我们这个宇宙的构造，以及穿过宇宙的光线。swirl/sw3：l/n.漩涡;打旋；涡状形vi.盘绕;打旋；眩晕;大口喝酒vt.使成漩涡WecantracematterasitswirlsintoablackholeusingX-raysemittedfromregionsveryclosetotheblackholeprincipal/'prinsip(o)l/adj.最重要的；主要的n.负责人，校长；warp/wo:p/n.弯曲，歪曲；偏见;乖戾vt.使变形;使有偏见;曲解"Theradiationweseeiswarpedanddistortedbythemotionsofparticlesandtheblackhole'sincrediblystronggravity."distort/di'sto:t/vt.扭曲;曲解；使失真vi.扭曲;变形incredibly/in'kredobli/adv.难以置信地；很，极为complement/'knmplim(3)nt/n.补充，互为补充的东西;需要的或允许的数额;补足Itcomplementstelescopesthatobservelower-energyX-raylight,suchasXMM-NewtonandNASA'sChandraX-rayObservatory.翻译:它对观察更低能量X射线光的望远镜起到了补充作用

语vt.补足，补充obscure/b'skju/adj.模糊的;晦涩的;昏暗的vt.遮掩;使变暗;使难理解Untilnow,thesemeasurementswerenotcertainbecausecloudsofgascouldhavebeenobscuringtheblackholesandconfusingtheresults.翻译:直到现在，这些测量值是不确定的，因为气体云可能使黑洞模糊并混淆结果。penetrate/'penitreit/v.穿过，刺入，渗入；了解conclusively/kn'klu:sivli/adv.决定性地；确定地Thisprovesthatspinratesofsupermassiveblackholescanbedeterminedconclusively.翻译:这证明，超大质量的黑洞自旋速度可以最终确定。fundamental/fAnd'ment()l/adj.基本的；重要的，必要的n.基本原则，基本法则merge/m3：dj/v.合并;吞没；使合并astrophysics/田str(u)'fiziks/天体物理学accretion/'krij()n/n.堆积,积累；添加生长accretiondisk吸积盘（天文学）vicinity/vi'siniti/n.接近；附近amphibian/^,m'fibTn/两栖动物Amphibianshavereceivedmuchattentionduringthelasttwoextinction万女飞仃^^^)n/灭绝decadesbecauseofanow-generalunderstandingthatalargerproportionofamphibianspeciesareatriskofextinctionthanthoseofanyothertaxon.taxon/'tffiksnn/分类单元，分类学perplex/p'pleks/使困惑、迷茫Whythisshouldbehasperplexedamphibianspecialists.implicate/'TmplTkeTt/vt.牵连，涉及Alargenumberoffactorshavebeenimplicated,includingmostprominentlyhabitatdestructionandepidemicsofinfectious

Prominently/'prominntli/adv.显著地；重要地diseases；globalwarmingalsohasbeeninvokedasacontributingfactor.epidemic/epi'demik/adj.流行的；传染性的n.流行病；传染病infectious/in'fekTs/adj.传染的；有感染力的invoke/in'vok/vt.调用；祈求；恳求；引起compelling/km'pelig/adj.非常强烈的;不可抗拒的；引人入胜，有说服力的paradoxical/,p比r'dnksik()l/adj.自相矛盾的；似是而非的Paradoxically,althoughamphibianshaveproventhemselvestobesurvivorsinthepast,therearereasonsforthinkingthattheymightbevulnerabletocurrentenvironmentalchallengesand,hence,serveasmultipurposesentinelsofenvironmentalhealth.vulnerable/'vAln()rb()l/adj.易受伤的，脆弱的multipurpose/mAlti'p:ps/adj.多种用途的，多目标的sentinel/'sentin()l/n.哨兵aquatic/'kw比tik/adj.水生的冰栖的n.水生植物或动物；水上运动larva/'la:v/n.（昆虫的）幼虫，幼体Thetypicallifecycleofafroginvolvesaquaticdevelopmentofeggsandlarvaeandterrestrialactivityasadults,thusexposingthemtoawiderangeofenvironments.terrestrial/t'restril/adj.地球的；陆地的;人间的;尘世的herbivore/'h:bivo:/食草动物carnivore/'ka:nivo:/食肉动物predator/'predt/n.食肉动物；掠夺者；捕食者Parasite/'p&rsait/寄生虫Xcutaneous/kiu:'teinis/adj.皮肤的，影响皮肤的Amphibianshavemoistskin,andcutaneousrespirationismoreimportantthanrespirationbylungs.Respiration/respi'reif()n/n呼吸，一呼吸；（植物的）呼吸Xvascularize/'v比skjulraiz/v.血管化thermal/'0s:m()l/adj.热的，热量的，由热造成的Amphibiansarethermal-conformers,thusmakingthemsensitivetoenvironmentaltemperaturechanges,whichmaybeespeciallyimportantfortropicalmontane(e.g.,cloudforest)speciesthathaveexperiencedlittletemperaturevariation.montane/'montein/adj.山区的；山地森林的n.山地森林acclimation/^klai'meifn/n.服水土，顺应，适应环境regime/rei'3i:m/n.政权，政体；管理体制养生法Suchspeciesmayhavelittleacclimationabilityinrapidlychangingthermalregimes.accentuate/k'sentfueit/Vt.使突出；强调；重读，以重音读出Ingeneral,amphibianshavesmallgeographicranges,butthisisaccentuatedinmostterrestrialspecies(themajorityofsalamanders；alargeproportionoffrogspeciesalsofitthiscategory)thatdevelopdirectlyfromterrestrialeggsthathavenofree-livinglarvalstage.Xsalamander/'s比l.m比nd/蝾螈n.火蜥蜴,火怪，耐火的人Xlissamphibian.无甲亚纲Xcaecilian/si'silin/n.蚓螈（无足目约150种两栖动物的统称）endangeredadj.快要绝种的

/in'deindzad/ 1/in'deindjod/ | Passage：MagneticresonanceImagingresonance回响，回荡；共鸣hydrogen/'haidr0dz3)n/n,氢Forimagingpurposesthehydrogennucleus(asingleproton)isusednucleus/'nju:kli3s/n.核，核心；原子核becauseofitsabundanceinwaterandfat.Xproton/'prsutnn/n.［物］质子liken/Taik(o)n/vt.把…比作；比拟Thehydrogenprotoncanbelikenedtotheplanetearth,spinningonitsaxis,withanorth-southpole.spinv.使…旋转vt.杜撰/spin/axisn.轴；轴线，中/'田ksis/心线randomly/'r田ndomli/adv.随便地，随机的Undernormalcircumstances,thesehydrogenproton“barmagnets”spininthebodywiththeiraxesrandomlyaligned,翻译：在正常情况下这些氢质子“条形磁铁”在体内旋转，而轴是随机排列的。alignvt.使结盟；使/o'lain/成一行vi.排列；排成一行scannern.扫描仪；扫描/'sk田no/器vectorn.矢量；航线；/'vekto/带菌者teslan.特斯拉（磁感/'teslo/应强度单位）alter/'o:lto/v.改变，更改Thestrengthofthemagneticfieldcanbealteredelectronicallyfromheadtotoeusingaseriesofgradientelectriccoils,and,byalteringthelocalmagneticfieldbythesesmallincrements,different

slicesofthebodywillresonateasfrequenciesareapplied.gradient/'greidint/n.梯度；倾斜度；坡度adj.倾斜的；步行的increment/'inkrim()nt/n.增长;增额frequency/'fri:kw()nsi/n.射频，无线电频率Whentheradiofrequencysourceisswitchedoffthemagneticvectorreturnstoitsrestingstate,andthiscausesasignal(alsoaradiowave)tobeemitted.oaerial/'eri1/adj.空气的，空中的n.天线detection/di'tekf()n/n.察觉，发觉;侦查abnormality/田bno:'myliti/n.（身体、行为等）不正常，反常，变态，畸形；（常用复数）反常情况；畸形物Multipletransmittedradiofrequencypulsescanbeusedinsequencetoemphasizeparticulartissuesorabnormalities.翻译：可以依次使用多个传输射频脉，以此来突出强调特定的组织或异常情况。sequence/'si:kw()ns/序列；连续；有关联的一组事物，manifest/'manifest/v.证明，表明；显示n.旅客名单；载货单，货单adj.明白的；显然的，明显的Mostdiseasesmanifestthemselvesbyanincreaseinwatercontent,soMRIisasensitivetestforthedetectionofdisease.pathology/p'0n1d3i/n.病理（学）:Theexactnatureofthepathologycanbemoredifficulttoascertain:forexample,infectionandtumourcaninsomecaseslooksimilar.ascertain/茸s'tein/vt.弄清，确定，查明tumour/'tju:m/n.肿瘤；radiologist/,redi'ald3ist/n.放射线学者

Passage：salicylic^salicylic/,s田li'silik/adj.得自水杨酸的，水杨酸的Willowtreesarewell-knownsourcesofsalicylicacid,andforthousandsofyears,humanshaveextractedthecompoundfromthetree,sbarktoalleviateminorpain,fever,andinflammation.aleviate/s'li:vieit/vt.减轻，缓解，缓和inflammation/infb'meij(0)n/炎症，发炎bark树皮prime/praim/adj.基本的;最好的;主要的n.全盛时期;精华vt.填装;使准备好vi.作准备herprimeconcernisthewell-beingofthepatient.hewasn'telderly,butclearlypasthisprime.toprime[somebody]about[something]事先告知某人tobe(well)primedfor[something]为某事作好(充分)准备themoneywasintendedtoprimethecommunity-carepump这笔经费旨在振兴社区保健事业Now,salicylicacidmayalsoofferrelieftocropplantsbyprimingtheirdefensesagainstamicrobialmenaceknownas“potatopurpletopphytoplasma.”microbial/mai'krobiol/adj.微生物的，由细菌引起的phytoplasma/f'toplz'm。/n.植原体subsequent/'sAbsikw(o)nt/随后的，继…之后的

inflict/in'flikt/vt.把…强加给，使承受，遭受Outbreaksofthecell-wall-lessbacteriuminthefertileColumbiaBasinregionofthePacificNorthwestin2002andsubsequentyearsinflictedsevereyieldandqualitylossesonpotatocrops.accomplice/s'kAmplis/n.从犯，帮凶，同谋TheAgriculturalResearchServiceidentifiedaninsectaccomplice-thebeetleafhopper,whichtransmitsthephytoplasmatoplantswhilefeeding.^beetleafhopper/'li:f,hDp。/甜菜叶蝉insecticide/in'sektisaid/杀虫剂Carefullytimedinsecticideapplicationscandetersuchfeeding.detervt.制止，阻止fungus/'fkqgos/n.真菌，霉菌；菌类drench/dren(t)J7vt.使湿透;在人（物）上大量使用（液体）Thesecondwasviaarootdrench2daysbeforephytoplasma-infectedscionsweregraftedontotheplants,stemstoinducedisease.scion/'saion/n,子孙;接穗graft/graft/vi./n,嫁接;移植；贪污inspect/in'spekt/vt.检查;视察；检阅Infact,analysisofmildlyinfectedtreatedplantsrevealedphytoplasmalevels300timesbelowthoseofuntreatedplants,meaningthatthesalicylicacidtreatmentmusthavesuppressedpathogenmultiplication.suppress/so'pres/vt.压制；镇压;禁止发表，查禁；隐瞒;抑制（感情等），忍住;阻止…的生长（或发展）pathogen/'py。0d3(o)n/病原体multiplication/,mAltipli'keU(0)n/n.增多;增加;乘；繁殖;乘法polymerase/'pnlimsreiz/n.聚合酶susceptible/so'septib(o)l/adj.易受影响的；易动感

情的；consolidated/kn'solideitid/n.统一的;加固的Passage：DarkEnergydilute/dai'l(j)u:t/vt.稀释adj.稀释的relentless/ri'lentlis/adj.无情的;不间断的Pittedagainstthisrelentlesspushisthegravitationalpullfromtherestofthematterandenergyintheuniverse.gravitational/.gr^vi'tefnl/adj./力/重力的condense/kn'dens/vi.凝结vt.使压缩Cloudsofgascondensedtoformstarsandgalaxies,andgalaxiesdrewtogethertoformclusters.recollapse/rek'底ps/v.再坍塌dominate/'dnmineit/vt.支配vi.处于支配地位Butmatterandenergydodiluteasthevolumeoftheuniverseincreases,sodarkenergyslowlycametodominate.nevertheless/nevd'les/adv.仍然，然而conj.尽管如此collidevi.碰撞;冲突encounter/in'kaunt/vt.遇到，遭遇vi.偶然碰到n.突然遇到reveler/'revl/狂欢者Likerevelersonaship,thegalaxiesinourgroupwillcontinuetocollideandinteractinmyriadinterestingways,butwewillbeforeverseparatedfromtherevelersonother35shipssailingawayfromusinthevastuniverse.myriad/'mirid/adj.无数的n.无数的人或物intergalactic/,intg'底ktik/星系间的

swirl/sw3：l/vi.盘绕;打旋n.漩涡AstronomerPietervanDokkumofYaleUniversityusedsomeofthelongestanddeepestskysurveyseverconductedtotrytodeterminewhethertheoldest,largestgalaxies--calledellipticalsbecausetheylacktheswirlingarmsofthespiraltype,likeourownMilkyWay一formedfromthecollapseofancientcloudsofgasortheaccretionofsmaller45galaxiesbumpingintoeachother.spiral/'spair()1/v.螺旋形上升adj.盘旋的n.螺旋;螺旋形物体collapse/k'底ps/vi.倒塌;失效vt.使倒塌;使崩溃n.倒塌;失败；衰竭accretion/'kri:J()n/n.堆积、积累；自然增长；telltale/'telteil/搬弄是非的;泄露秘密的；起警告作用的Ofthe126galaxiesofallvarietiesvanDokkumlookedat,67showedtelltalesignsofimpact,suchastrailingtailsofstars,oracollisioninprogress.merger/'m3：d3/n.（企业的）并购；合并Iti