夹具设计外文翻译

夹具设计应符合以下基本要求（1）有适当的精度和尺寸稳定性夹具体上的重要表面，如安装定位元件的表面、安装对刀和导向元件的表面以及夹具体的安装基面（与机床相连接的表面）等，应有适当的尺寸和形状精度，它们之间应有适当的位置精度。为使夹具体尺寸稳定，铸造夹具体要进行时效处理，焊接和锻造夹具体要进行退火处理。（2）有足够的强度和刚度。加工过程中，夹具体要承受较大的切削力和夹紧力。为保证夹具体不产生不允许的变形和振动，夹具体应有足够的强度和刚度，因此夹具体需要有一定的壁厚。（3）结构工艺性好。夹具体应便于制造、装配和检验。铸造夹具体上安装各种元件的表面应铸出3～5mm高的凸面，以减少加工面积。铸造夹具体壁厚要均匀，转角外应有R3～R5mm的圆角。夹具体结构形式应便于工件的装卸。（4）要有适当的容屑空间和良好的排屑性能。对于切削时产生切削不多的夹具，可加大定位元件工作表面与夹具之间的距离或增设容屑沟槽，以增加容屑空间；对于加工时产生大量切屑的夹具，可设置排屑缺口或斜面，斜角可取。（5）在机床上安装稳定可靠。夹具在机床上的安装都是通过夹具体上的安装基面和机床上相应表面的接触或配合实现的。当夹具在机床工作台上安装时，夹具的重心应尽量低，重心越高则支承面应越大；夹具底面四边应凸出，使夹具体安装基面与机床的工作台面接触良好。接触边或支脚的宽度应大于机床工作台梯形槽的宽度，应一次加工出来，并保证一定的平面精度；当夹具在机床主轴上安装时，夹具安装基面与主轴相应表面应有较高的配合精度，并保证夹具体安装稳定可靠。（6）有较好的外观。夹具体外观造型要新颖，钢质夹具体需要发蓝处理或退磁，铸件未加工部位必须清理，并涂油漆。在夹具适当位置用钢印打出夹具编号，以便于工装的管理。夹具的制造及工艺性（1）夹具的制造精度夹具通常是单件生产，且制造周期很短。为了保证工件的加工要求，很多夹具要有较高的制造精度。企业的工具车间有多种加工设备，例如加工孔系的坐标镗床、加工复杂形面的万能铣床、精密车床和各种磨床等，都有具有良好的加工性能和加工精度。夹具制造中，除了生产方式与一般产品不同外，在应用互换性原则方面也有一定的限制，以保证夹具的制造精度。（2）保证夹具制造精度的方法对于与工件加工尺寸直接有关的且精度较高的部位，在夹具制造时常用修配法和调整法来保证夹具精度。1）修配法的应用对于需要采用修配法的零件，可在其图样上注明“装配时精加工”或“装配时件配作”字样等。支承板和支承钉装配后，与夹具体合并加工定位面，以保证定位面对夹具体基面的平行度。车床夹具的误差较大，对于同轴度要求较大的加工，即可在所使用的机床中加工出定位面来。如车床夹具的测量工艺孔和校正圆的加工，可通过过度盘和所使用的车床连接后直接加工出来，从而使这两个加工面的中心线和车床主轴中心重合，获得较精确的位置精度。镗床夹具也常采用修配法。例如，将镗套的内孔与使用的镗杆的实际尺寸单配间隙在0.008～0.01mm之间，即可是镗模具有较高的导向精度。夹具的修配方法都涉及到夹具体的基面，从而不致使各种误差累积，能够达到预期的精度要求。2）调整法的应用调整法与修配法相似，在夹具上通常可设置调整垫圈、调整垫板、调整套等元件来控制装配尺寸。这种方法较简易，调整件选择得当即可补偿其他元件的误差，以提高夹具的制造精度。（3）结构工艺性夹具的结构工艺性主要表现为夹具零件制造、装配、调试、测量、使用等方面的综合性能。夹具零件的一般标准和铸件的结构要素等，均可查阅有关手册进行设计。以下就夹具部件的加工、维修、装配、测量等工艺性进行分析。1）注意加工和维修的工艺性夹具主要元件的连接定位采用螺钉和销钉。2）注意装配的测量工艺性夹具的装配测量是夹具制造的重要环节。无论是修配法装配或调整法装配，还是用检具检测夹具精度时，都应处理好基准问题。为了使夹具的装配、测量具有良好的工艺性，我们应遵循基准统一原则，以夹具体的基面为统一的基准，以便于装配、测量时保证夹具的制造精度。当夹具的基面不能满足上述要求时，可设置工艺孔或工艺凸台。Thefixturedesignshouldmeetthefollowingbasicrequirements

(1)theappropriateaccuracyanddimensionalstability

Folderoftheconcreteontheimportantsurfaces,suchastheinstallationofthesurfaceofthepositioningcomponents,installthesurfaceoftheknifeandorientedcomponents,aswellasthespecificfoldertoinstallthebasesurface(connectedtothemachinesurface)shouldbetheappropriatesizeandshapeaccuracy,theybetweenshouldbetheappropriatelocationaccuracy.

Thefolderofthestabilityofthespecificdimensions,castingfolderspecifictotheagingtreatment,weldingandforgingfolderspecificannealing.

(2)havesufficientstrengthandstiffness.

Process,thespecificfolderyouwanttobearagreatercuttingforceandclampingforce.Toensurethatthefolderdoesnotproducedoesnotallowdeformationandvibrationfoldershouldhavesufficientspecificstrengthandstiffness,sothefolderthespecificneedsofacertainwallthickness.

(3)thestructureoftechnologyisgood.

Specificfoldershouldbeeasytomanufacture,assemblyandtest.Castingfolderthesurfaceoftheconcreteontheinstallationofvariouscomponentsshouldbecastoutof3~5mmconvexinordertoreducetheprocessingarea.Castingfolderconcretewallthicknessshouldbeuniform,corneroutsidethedueR3~R5mm,roundedcorners.Specificfolderstructureshouldfacilitatetheloadingandunloadingoftheworkpiece.

(4)tohavetheappropriatechipspaceandgoodchipevacuation.

CuttinglittlejigforcuttingcanincreasethedistancebetweentheworksurfaceandfixturepositioningcomponentsoradditionofChipgroovesinordertoincreasethechipspace;forprocessingalargenumberofchipfixture,youcansettheBTAgaporbevel,beveldesirable.

(5)installedonthemachinestableandreliable.

Theinstallationofthefixtureonthemachinethroughthefolderofthespecificsoftheinstallationofthebasesurfaceandthecorrespondingsurfaceonthemachinecontactorincombinationtoachieve.Whenthefixtureisinstalledinthemachinetable,thecenterofgravityofthefixtureshouldbeaslowaspossible,thecenterofgravitythehigherthebearingsurfaceshallbethegreater;fixtureundersideofthefoursidesshouldbeprotruding,sothatgoodcontactfolderoftheinstallationofthebasesurfaceandthemachinetable.Contactedgeorthewidthofthefootshouldbegreaterthanthewidthofthemachinetable,trapezoidalslot,shouldbeaprocessingandtoguaranteeacertainplaneaccuracy;Whenthefixtureisinstalledonthemachinespindle,fixtureinstallationbasesurfacewiththecorrespondingspindlesurfaceshouldbehigherwithprecision,andtoensurestableandreliablespecificfoldertoinstall.

(6)haveagoodlook.

Specificfolderappearancenovel,steelfoldertothespecificneedsofblueingordemagnetization,rawcastingpartsmustbecleanandpaint.

(7)Stampsplaythefixturenumbertotheappropriatelocationinthefixturetoolingmanagement.

fixturemanufacturingandprocess

(1)fixturemanufacturingprecision

Fixtureisusuallyasinglepieceproduction,andmanufacturingcycleisveryshort.Inordertoensurethattheworkpieceprocessingrequirements,manyfixtureshaveahighmanufacturingprecision.Thetoolshophasavarietyofprocessingequipment,suchastheprocessingoftheholesinthejigborer,processingofcomplex-shapedsurfaceoftheuniversalmillingmachines,precisionlathesandavarietyofgrinders,havegoodprocessingpropertiesandprocessingaccuracy.Fixturemanufacturing,inadditiontothedifferentproductionmethodsandproductsingeneral,intheapplicationoftheinterchangeabilityprincipleundercertainrestrictionstoensurethatthemanufacturingprecisionofthefixture.

(2)guaranteetheaccuracyofthemethodoffixturemanufacturing

Directlyrelatedtotheworkpiecesizeandhighprecisionparts,repairmethodcommonlyusedinthefixturemanufactureandadjustmenttoensurethatthefixtureaccuracy.

1)ApplicationoftheMethodofRepair

Partsneedtousetherepairmethod,initspattern,marked"assemblyfinishingassembly"or"worthy"words.Assemblyofthebearingplateandthesupportingnailpositioningsurface,withthespecificfoldermergeprocessingtoensurethatpositioningthefaceofthefolderconcretebasesurfaceparallelism.

Lathefixtureerrors,andrequiresgreaterprocessingcanbeusedinmachinetools,processingpositioningsurfaceforconcentricity.Suchasthemeasurementprocesslathefixtureholeroundofprocessingandcorrection,byexcessivediskandusethelathetoconnectdirectlyprocessed,sothatthesetwoprocessingsideofthecenterlineofthelathespindlecenteroverlap,toobtainmoreaccuratepositionalaccuracy.

Boringjigisoftenusedrepairmethod.Forexample,boringsetsofholesandtheuseoftheactualsizeoftheboringbarwithasinglegapinbetween0.008~0.01mmcanbeboringmoldhighguidingaccuracy.

Fixturerepairmethodsarerelatedtoaspecificfolderofthebasesurface,whichdoesnotresultinavarietyoferroraccumulation,andtoachievethedesiredaccuracyrequirements.

2)AdjustmentActapplications

AdjustmentActandtheMethodofRepair,usuallyinthefixturecanbesettoadjustthewasher,adjusttheplate,adjustthesetofcomponentstocontroltheassemblysize.Thismethodisrelativelyeasytoadjusttherightchoicestoothercomponentsofthecompensationerror,inordertoimprovethemanufacturingprecisionofthefixture.

(3)structuraltechnical

Structuraltechnicalperformanceofthefixtureforfixturepartsmanufacturing,assembly,commissioning,measurement,andusetheperformance.Structuralelementsofthegeneralstandardofthefixturepartsandcastings,andsoon,canaccesstothemanualdesign.Fixturecomponentsoftheprocessing,maintenance,assemblyandmeasurementprocess.

1)Notethattheprocessingandmaintenanceprocess

Fixtureconnectionofthemaincomponentsofpositioningscrewsandpins.InFigure1.2(a)ofthepinholeismadethrough-hole,sothatmaintenancecanpinpressout;showninFigure1.2(b)pin,thepinholeatthebottomofthehorizontalholedemolition;Fig