高考英语一轮复习提能练三十六Unit1Alandofdiversity含解析

PAGEPAGE10Unit1AlandofdiversityⅠ.阅读理解A(2020·济南市济钢中学高三3月模拟考试)Asafirstresponder，youneverknowwhattypeofsituationyoumightwalkinto，orwhoyou'llmeetalongtheway.That'sdefinitelybeenthecaseforJeffreyLanenberg，a51­year­oldparamedic(急救医务人员)since1984.Tenyearsintothejob，Lanenbergreceivedacallthatreportedthatamaninhisearly30shadfallendownintheMallofAmerica.WhenLanenbergandhispartnerarrivedatthescene，theyfoundtheyoungmalefacedownontheground.Hehadgoneunconscious，makingweakattemptstobreathe.Hiswifestoodbesidehimholdingtheirsmallsoninhorror.Theyquicklyrushedtodefibrillate(除颤)andcalmthemantokeephimundercontrol.AfterLanenbergdroppedthepatientoffattheneighboringhospital，hethoughtaboutthemanandhisfamilyforalongtime.LanenbergthoughthehadexperiencedeverythingunderthesununtilonerandomvisittoOfficeMaxthreeyearsago，wherehemetamanrepeatedlywalkbackandforthwhilestaringathim.Asitturnedout，themanwasthepatienthehadsaved20yearsearlier.“Yougaveme20yearsmorethanIeverthoughtI'dhave，”themansaid.HethankedLanenbergrepeatedlyandtoldhimhehadsomeonehewantedhimtomeet.Hesteppedaroundthecornerandreappearedwitha20­something­year­oldman.Lanenberginstantlyknewthatitwasthesonhehadseenstandingbyhismotherallthoseyearsago.“Thatdaychangedmylife，”Lanenbergsaid.“Beforethat，everythingwasaboutwork...WhenItalktomybeginner­trainingclass，Itellthemyouneverknowtheimpactyoucanhaveonsomeone'slife.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位急救医务人员和被他抢救的年轻人之间的故事。1．WhatdidLanenbergdowiththeyoungman?A．Hegavethemanthefirstaid.B．Hecuredthemanatthescene.C．Heonlysentthemantohospital.D．Hetookcareoftheman'swifeandson.A[推理判断题。该题问的是Lanenberg对那个年轻人做了什么。根据关键句“Theyquicklyrushedtodefibrillate(除颤)andcalmthemantokeephimundercontrol.”(第二段倒数第二句)可知，Lanenberg和他的同事在第一时间对这名男子实施了急救。由此可推知，Lanenberg对那个年轻人实施了急救。故选A。]2．WhatdidLanenbergthinkoftheencounterwiththeman?A．Itwasunbelievable.B．Itwasacommonroutine.C．Itwasamatterofcourse.D．Itwasadangeroussituation.A[推理判断题。该题问的是Lanenberg如何看待自己与那名男士的再次相遇。根据关键句“LanenbergthoughthehadexperiencedeverythingunderthesununtilonerandomvisittoOfficeMaxthreeyearsago，wherehemetamanrepeatedlywalkbackandforthwhilestaringathim.”(第三段第一句)可知，Lanenberg认为自己什么事情都经历过，没有什么事会让他大惊小怪了，直到他再次遇见二十多年前他救过的那名男子。由此可推知，Lanenberg认为再次见到二十多年前他救过的那名男子是令人难以置信的事。故选A。]3．WhywasthemanthankfultoLanenberg?A．Lanenberghelpedbringuphislittleson.B．Lanenbergdonatedtosupporthisfamily.C．Lanenberggavehimthepresenthappylife.D．Lanenbergtaughthissontobeanewdoctor.C[推理判断题。该题问的是为什么那名男子要感谢Lanenberg。根据关键句“Yougaveme20yearsmorethanIeverthoughtI'dhave，”themansaid.HethankedLanenbergrepeatedlyandtoldhimhehadsomeonehewantedhimtomeet.(第四段第一、二句)并结合第四段最后两句可知，那名男子认为Lanenberg对他的急救让他多活了二十年，并且享受到了有家人相伴的幸福生活。故选C。]4．HowdidthemeetingchangeLanenberg'slife?A．Hechangedhisattitudetohisjob.B．Hewasrewardedwithmuchmoney.C．Hegotapromotiontobeateamleader.D．Hetookupteachingworktotrainnewcomers.A[推理判断题。该题问的是这次见面如何改变了Lanenberg的生活。根据最后一段内容可知，在这次见面之前，Lanenberg认为他所做的一切都跟工作有关，但是这次见面改变了他对工作和生活的看法。故选A。]B(2020·广州市综合检测二)Texasrancher(牧场主)CharlesGoodnighthadaproblem.HeneededskilledcowboystodrivehisherdoftwothousandlonghorncattletoNewMexicotobesold.Hecouldn'tofferhighwages.Hecouldn'tpromiseeasyjobsorevenniceweather.Buthethoughtthatdecent，hotmealsmightenticementoworkforhim.Inthemid­to­late1800s，cattledrivessometimestookthreetofourmonths，andoncethedrivebegan，therewerenostoresforhundredsofmiles.Allthefoodandsuppliesneededforthetripwerecarriedontwo­wheeledcarts.Usually，thecowboy'sfoodwasboringandunappetizing.Goodnightwenttoworkandsolvedtheproblem.Hisinventionofamobilekitchen，thechuckwagon(炊事用车)，gotitsnamefromthecowboywordforfood—“chuck”．GoodnighttookanoldarmywagonandrebuiltitwiththeOsageorange，whichissotoughthatIndiansusedittomakebows.Thewagon'sironaxleswerestrongerthanthewoodenonesfoundonstandardwagons，andthewiderwheelslastedlonger.Besidesfoodandeatingutensils，itheldeverythingfromfirst­aidsuppliestoneedlesandthread.Itevencontainedacookingstove.Thefirstchuckwagonwasaninstantsuccess.EighteencowhandsjoinedGoodnightandhispartner，OliverLoving，todrivethecattletoNewMexico，earningthepairahandsomeprofit.Theroutetheytook—latercalledtheGoodnight­LovingTrail—becameoneofthemostheavilyusedcattletrailsintheSouthwest.Thechuckwagonsoonwasthebackboneofallsuccessfulcattledrives.Otherrancherscreatedtheirownmovingkitchens，andeventuallytheStudebakerCompanyproducedchuckwagonsthatsoldfor$75to$100apiece，about$1，000today.Thechuckwagonwasmuchmorethanamobilekitchen.Sometimescalled“thetraildrive'smothership”，itwaslikeamagnetthatdrewthementogether.Thewagonandthegroundarounditwerethecowboy'shome.Thereheenjoyedhotmeals，awarmfire，andgoodcompanionship.Hecouldalsogetabandage，ahaircut，orlinimentforhissoremuscles.Andthere，underthestarsandaroundthechuckwagon，hecrawledintohisbedrolleachnight.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。在十九世纪，得克萨斯州的牧场主查尔斯·古德奈特认为提供像样的热饭菜可能会吸引牛仔们为他工作，帮助他把牛赶到新墨西哥州。为此，他发明了炊事用车，车里带有食物、急救用品、炉子等，让赶牛的人能在沿途吃到像样的热饭菜、享受到温暖的炉火和良好的友谊。这种车不仅仅是一个可移动的厨房，它更为牛仔们提供了一个“家”。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entice”inParagraph1mean?A．Inform. B．Direct.C．Enable. D．Attract.D[考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Hecouldn'tofferhighwages.Hecouldn'tpromiseeasyjobsorevenniceweather.Buthethoughtthatdecent，hotmealsmightenticementoworkforhim”和语境可知，他不能提供高工资，也不能保证会有容易的活儿或好天气；但他认为，像样的热饭菜可能会吸引别人为他工作。据此可以判断，画线词的含义与D项的含义最为接近。]6．Whywerecattledrivesinthemid­to­late1800ssotough?A．Allthecattlewerecarriedontwo­wheeledvehicles.B．Freshfoodsupplieswerehardtofindonthedrive.C．Therewerenotenoughcowboystodrivethecattle.D.Therewasnoplacetostorefoodandnecessarysupplies.B[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“therewerenostoresforhundredsofmiles...wasboringandunappetizing”可知，在赶牛的旅途中难以吃到新鲜的食物。故B项正确。]7．WhatdoweknowaboutGoodnight'schuckwagonfromthetext?A．Itwasstrongerthantheordinarywagons.B．Itwasmainlyusedtoprovidefirstaid.C．Itcouldbechangedintoasleepingarea.D．ItwassoldtootherranchersbyGoodnight.A[考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“rebuiltitwiththeOsageorange...andthewiderwheelslastedlonger”可知，古德奈特发明的炊事用车比一般的四轮运货车更坚固，故A项正确。]8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheCowboys'ProblemB．Goodnight­LovingTrailC．TheCowboys'HomeonWheelsD．ExcitingCattleDrivesintheWestC[考查标题判断。通读全文可知，牧场主查尔斯·古德奈特为解决牛仔们的吃饭问题而发明了炊事用车，而且这种车不仅仅是一个可移动的厨房，它更为牛仔们提供了一个“家”。故C项最适合作本文的标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·菏泽市6月模拟)Itwasacoldafternoonandthephonerangagain.Isighedandwasannoyedbecauseitwaseithergoingtobeformywife，Susan，orthecall__1__tosellmesomethingIwasn'tinterestedinwithvariousmeans.“Hello，”Isaid，a(n)__2__inmyvoice.“Hello，yourwifeanddaughterwereina__3__onthe72ndstreet，”saidastrangevoice.“Uh，another__4__．Ishouldblacklisther，”Ithought，andwas__5__tohangup.“Daddy...”ThenIheardAlyce，mydaughter，sobbing.Myheartstoppedandthenbegan__6__．Iranafewblockstowhatlookslikea__7__foradisastermovie.Fireengines，policecars，andambulanceswere__8__parked.Abuswasonthewrongsideoftheroad.Infrontofitwerethe__9__ofSusan'scar.Alycewasstandingbesidethedestroyedvehicle，coveredinbrokenglass，but__10__，withamiddle­agedwoman.Itwasherthatmadeaphonecallto__11__mejustnow.Shemusthave__12__tothescene，stillinherbathrobe(浴袍).Susanwasn'tsolucky.It__13__herheadwashitheavily.Medicalstaffsaidshemightnotawake__14__theirtimelyarrival.Itmademethinkofthewomansuddenly，whohadleftbeforeIcould__15__herandthecall.That'sthewarmestthinginthiscoldseason.语篇解读本文是记叙文，主题语境是“人与自我”。一个寒冷的冬日，作者的妻子和女儿遭遇车祸，多亏了一位好心女士的帮助，让作者及时赶到现场，妻子得到了及时救助。1．A.managing B．attemptingC．failing D．refusingB[结合语境以及下文的“tosellmesomethingIwasn'tinterestedinwithvariousmeans”可知，此处指试图用各种方法卖东西的推销电话。manage“设法做成，努力完成”；attempt“试图，尝试，企图”；fail“未做到”；refuse“拒绝”。]2．A.edge B．anxietyC．concern D．surpriseA[由上文的“Isighedandwasannoyed”“Iwasn'tinterestedin”可知，作者不满意电话铃声响，所以他接电话时声音里有一丝怨气。edge在此处表示“(话音里的)怒气，怨气”，符合语境。]3．A.celebration B．cinemaC．crash D．conferenceC[由下文的描述可知，作者的妻子和女儿出了车祸。crash意为“(汽车的)撞车事故”，符合语境。celebration“庆祝会，庆祝活动”；conference“(尤指持续几天的大型、正式的)会议”。]4．A.notice B．entertainmentC．arrangement D．trickD[由上文的“sellmesomething...withvariousmeans”以及下文的“Ishouldblacklisther”“hangup”可知，作者认为打电话的人说的话是骗人的。notice“通告，布告，通知”；entertainment“文娱节目，娱乐活动”；arrangement“安排，筹备”；trick“花招，骗局，把戏”。]5．A.hesitant B．readyC．disappointed D．afraidB[由空前的“Ishouldblacklisther”可知，作者以为打电话的人说的话是骗人的，想要拉黑她，并准备(ready)挂断电话。]6．A.pounding B．wanderingC．striking D．imaginingA[由上文的“‘Daddy...’ThenIheardAlyce，mydaughter，sobbing.Myheartstopped”可知，作者意识到妻子和女儿真的出了车祸，心怦怦直跳。pound在此处表示“(心脏)剧烈地跳动”。]7．A.display B．rescueC．forecast D．shootD[由下文的“Fireengines，policecars，andambulances...Abuswasonthewrongsideoftheroad”可知，此处作者用了一个比喻，车祸现场就像一个灾难电影的拍摄场面。display“展示，表演”；rescue“营救行动”；forecast“预报”；shoot“(照片或电影的)拍摄”。]8．A.randomly B．obviouslyC．strangely D．regularlyA[由于是车祸现场，所以消防车、警车和救护车都随便地停着。randomly“任意地，随意地”。]9．A.recordings B．picturesC．remains D．possessionsC[有一辆公交车在道路上逆行，它前面是妻子被撞毁的车。由描述可知，妻子的车和公交车相撞了，再结合下文提到的“thedestroyedvehicle”可知，妻子的车被撞坏，不完整了，故用remains“剩余物，残留物”。recording“录制的音像，录像”；possession“个人财产，私人物品”。]10．A.unconscious B．uninjuredC．disabled D．displeasedB[下文提到“Susanwasn'tsolucky”，由上下文可知，虽然作者妻子伤势严重，但是女儿没有受伤。unconscious“无知觉的，昏迷的，不省人事的”；uninjured“安然无恙，毫无损伤”；disabled“丧失能力的”；displeased“气愤的”。]11．A.comfort B．botherC．remind D．informD[结合语境可知，那位中年女士打电话是为了通知作者车祸的消息。comfort“安慰，抚慰，宽慰”；bother“打扰，烦扰”；remind“提醒，使想起”；inform“通知，告知”。]12．A.referred B．pointedC．attended D．rushedD[由下文的“stillinherbathrobe(浴袍)”可知，这位女士还穿着浴袍，应该是看到车祸后飞快跑到现场。rush意为“(尤因赶路而)急速行进，冲，奔”，符合语境。]13．A.turnedout B．workedoutC．broughtout D．heldoutA[结果发现，作者妻子的头部受到了重击，turnout表示“结果是”，符合语境。workout“找到……的答案，解决”；bringout“使显现，使表现出”；holdout“维持，坚持”。]14．A.apartfrom B．regardlessofC．butfor D．duetoC[要不是他们及时赶到，作者的妻子可能就醒不过来了。butfor表示“倘若没有，若非，要不是”，符合语境。apartfrom“除了……外(还)”；regardlessof“不管，不顾，不理会”；dueto“由于，因为”。]15．A.introduce B．appreciateC．applaud D．recognizeB[结合上文描述可知，作者想要感谢那位女士以及她打的电话。introduce“介绍，引见”；appreciate“感激，感谢”；applaud“称赞，赞许”；recognize“认出，认识，辨别出”。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·临沂市6月模拟)Werecognizeourfriends'faces.Andwearenotalone.Manysocialanimalscanalsoidentifyindividualsoftheirownspeciesbytheirfacial1.________(feature)，becausetheyneedtoadjusttheirbehavior2.________(depend)onwhotheymeet.Andastudyhasshownthatsomedomesticated(驯养的)animalscanevendistinguishamongdifferentfacesinphotographs.Researchersfirst3.________(teach)horsesto“choose”betweentwoside­by­sideimagesonacomputerscreen.Thenthehorsesthatwereshownphotosoftheirkeeperalongsidefacesof4.________(familiar)humansignoredthestrangers'faces，identifying5.________(correct)theirkeeperabout75%ofthetime.What'smore，thehorsesalsopreferentiallypickedphotosoftheirpreviouskeeper.Andthey6.________(be)atleastasaccurateinpickingoutthei