英文交通词汇与术语释义

/英文交通词汇与术语释义目录TＯC＼o"1—4"\h\z\uAuｔomａtedVehｉcleＩdentｉfication(ＡVI）ﻩPＡGERＥF＿Toｃ21９0９2148\h1HYＰＥRLＩNＫ\l＂_Toc２１９092149"AverａgeAnnuaｌDailｙTrａffic（AADＴ) PＡGEREＦ＿Ｔoc2１9０92１49\ｈ1HYPERLINK\l”_Toc２1909２１5０”AvｅragｅDailyTrafficﻩPAGEREF_Tｏc219092150\h1HYPERLINＫ\ｌ"_Ｔoｃ2１90９2151”AvｅrａｇｅＷeｅｋdayＤailyＴrafｆiｃ（ＡＷDＴ) ＰAGＥREF_Toc219092151\h1ＨYＰＥRLINK\l”＿Toc219092１52”BﻩPAGＥREF_Tｏc2１9０92１52＼h2HYＰＥRLINＫ\l"_Toc２1909215３"Beneｆit/Cｏsｔ（B/C)ｒatｉoﻩPＡGEＲＥF_Tｏc２１9０９2153＼ｈ2ＨYPERLINKBｏttlｅｎecｋ PAGEＲEF_Toc219０９2154\ｈ2HYＰERLIＮK＼l"_Ｔoc219092１55”ＣﻩPAGERＥF＿Tｏc219092155\ｈ2HYPEＲＬINKCoｌｌecｔoｒDistｒibｕｔor(CD) PAGEＲEＦ_Tｏc２１90９21６0＼h3HＹPＥRLINK\l”＿Toｃ219０92161＂ComｍutｅrRａil（CＲ） PＡGEREF＿Tｏc219０9２161＼h4HYＰＥＲLINK\ｌ”＿Toｃ219092162"Conｇｅsｔioｎ/DｅmanｄMａnagemeｎt(CDＭ)ﻩＰAGERＥF_Ｔoc2１9092１6２\ｈ４ＨYＰＥRLINK\l”_Ｔｏｃ２１9092163”CｏngesｔionManａｇementSysｔem（CMS）ﻩPAＧEREF＿Tｏc21909２163\h4HＹPEＲLIＮＫ\l”_Ｔoc2１909２164＂CｏngeｓtｉｏnMｉtigａｔｉｏnaｎdAirQuaｌiｔｙ(CMＡQ）improvemeｎｔprｏgram PAGEＲEF＿Toｃ219092１６4\h4HYＰERLIＮK\ｌ”＿Toc2１9０92165＂CoｎgestionPrｉcing PAGERＥF_Toc21909２165\ｈ4HYＰERLＩNK\ｌ”_Tｏc21９０９216６”CｏnｔroloｆAccess(ＣＯＡ） ＰAＧERＥF_Toc21909216６＼h５HYＰＥRLＩNK\ｌ”_Toc２１9０92167"CriticalMovemeｎtAnａｌyｓis(CMA） ＰAGERＥF＿Tｏc21909２１67\h５HＹＰＥRLＩＮK\ｌ”_Toc２19０9216８"D ＰAＧEＲEF_Ｔoc21９09216８＼h5ＨYPEＲLINＫ＼ｌ＂_Ｔoc２１909２16９”ＤesｉgnＨoｕrVｏlume(DHV）ﻩＰAGEREF_Toｃ２１9092169\h5ＨYPERＬIＮK＼ｌ＂_Tｏc219０9２170"DireｃtionalDesignHoｕrVoluｍe（DDHV）ﻩＰAGERＥＦ_Ｔoc2190９2170\ｈ5HＹPＥRLINK\ｌ＂_Toc219092171＂ＤｒａftEnvirｏnmｅntalImpactStatement(DEIS) ＰAGEREF_Ｔｏｃ２1９0９217１\h5HＹPＥRLINK\l”＿Ｔoｃ２1９０92172”E PAGEＲEF_Toc2190921７2\h6ＨＹPＥRLＩNＫ＼l”_Toｃ21909２173"EｎｖｉronmｅｎtalAssessment(EA)ﻩPAGEＲEF_Toｃ2190921７3\h６ＨYＰEＲLIＮK\l＂_Toc２1９092174"EnvｉroｎｍentalIｍpactStatement（ＥIS)ﻩPAGERＥF_Tｏｃ219092174＼h6HYＰERLＩNＫ\ｌ”＿Toｃ21９０9２１75”ＥｎvｉronｍentalＰroteｃｔｉｏnAｇenｃｙ（EPA) ＰAGEREF_Toc21９092175\h6HＹPERＬＩNK\ｌ＂_Toc21９092176”ExpresswayﻩPAGEＲＥＦ＿Toc２19092１76\h6HＹPＥＲLINKFeaｓibilityStudy PAGEREF＿Toc２１90９21７8\h6HYPＥRLＩNK\ｌ"＿Tｏc２1９092１７9"ＦedｅraｌHｉｇhwaｙAdｍｉnisｔratioｎ(FHＷA） PＡGEREF＿Toｃ2１９092179＼h7ＨＹPERＬINK＼l”_Ｔoc21９09２1８0＂FederａlTransiｔAdmｉnｉｓtrａtioｎ(FＴA） PAGEＲEF_Toc２1９092180\h7ＨYPＥRLＩNＫFrontagｅｒoadﻩPAＧEREF_Ｔｏc２190９2184\h7HＹＰEＲLINKHｉｇhOccuｐancyＶehicle(HOV）ﻩＰAＧERＥF_Ｔoc2190921８9\h8ＨYPERLＩＮK\l”_Ｔoｃ２190９２190"ＨighOcｃupaｎcyVｅhiclｅ(HOV）Lane PAGＥREF_Ｔoc2１909２190\ｈ8HYPERLINK\ｌ"_Toc2190９2191”HiｇhＳpeeｄRａilﻩPAＧＥREF_Ｔｏc2１90921９1\h8HYPERLINK\ｌ”_Ｔｏc21９092192"ＨiｇｈｗayAdvisｏrｙRaｄｉｏ(HAR） PAGEREＦ_Toc219092192\h9ＨYPERLINK\l"_Ｔoc2190９21９3"HourlyVｏlume（HV) ＰAＧEREF_Tｏc2190９2193＼ｈ9ＨＹPERLINK\l”_Ｔoc２１90921９4”IﻩPAＧEREF_Toc219０9219４\h9HYPERLIＮKIntermｏdaｌSurfaceTransｐｏｒtａtionEfficｉencyＡｃt(IＳTＥA) ＰAGEREＦ_Tｏc2190921９8\ｈ9HYPERLINＫ\l”_Ｔoc219０９21９9＂ＩntermｏｄalTransｐoｒｔａtｉon PＡＧＥREＦ_Toc219092199\h１0HYPEＲＬＩNＫ\l”_Toc21909２2００”ＩntermodalisｍﻩPAGEREＦ＿Ｔoc219０9２２０0\h10HYPERLINＫ\l＂_Tｏｃ２19092２01”KﻩPAGEREＦ_Ｔoc21９092201\h１０ＨYPERＬINＫ\l”_Toｃ2１9０92２0２"Ｋ－FacｔoｒﻩPAGEＲEＦ_Toc２１９09２２０2\ｈ10HYPEＲLＩNK＼l"＿Toc２19０９22０3＂LﻩPＡGEＲEF_Toc2１90９2203\h11HYPＥRLＩＮK\ｌ"_Ｔｏｃ２1909２2０４＂LeｖelOｆSeｒｖice（ＬOS） ＰAGEREF_Toc2１909２204\ｈ11HYPＥRLINK\l＂＿Tｏｃ２１909２205”ＬightＲaiｌＴｒansｉt（LRT)ｏrＬightRailﻩPAＧEＲEF_Toｃ２1909２2０５\h１１HYPEＲLINＫ\l”＿Toc219092206"Ｍ PAGＥRＥF_Ｔoｃ２1909２２0６\h11HYＰＥRLIＮK\l”＿Toc2190９2２07”ＭajorIｎvｅstｍeｎtStudy(MＩＳ)ﻩPＡGＥRＥF＿Ｔoc219０9220７\h11HＹPEＲＬINＫ＼l”＿Tｏc21９09２208"MeasuｒｅｓＯfEｆfeｃtiｖenｅsｓ（MOＥ）ﻩPAGEＲＥＦ＿Toｃ２190９22０８＼h11ＨＹPＥRLINK＼ｌ"_Toc2１909２２09”MetｒｏpolitanPlanｎingOrgａnizａtｉｏｎ(MPＯ) PAＧERＥF_Tｏｃ219０92209＼h12HYPEＲＬINK＼l”_Tｏｃ2190922１0"N PＡＧERＥF_Toc2１90９2２10\h12ＨYPERLINＫ\ｌ”＿Toc219092211＂NationalHiｇhwaySｙｓｔem（ＮHS） PＡGＥＲEF＿Ｔｏc21９0922１1＼h12HYPERLINK\l”＿Ｔoc2１9０9221２"NａｔionａlTraｎsportａtionＳystem（NTS） PAGERＥＦ_Toc21909221２\h12HYPERＬINK\ｌ"_Toc2１9092213”Non－ａｔｔａiｎmentareas ＰAGＥREF_Toc21９0922１3\h１2HＹＰERLINＫ\l”＿Toｃ219092214"NoｒthＡmericａnＦｒeeTｒadeＡgｒｅement（NＡＦTA) PAＧEREF_Ｔｏｃ2190922１4＼h13HYＰＥRLINK\ｌ"_Toc21９09221５"NoticeＯｆIｎｔent(NＯI)ﻩPAGＥＲＥＦ_Toc219０９221５\h13HＹPERＬIＮK＼l”_Tｏc２190９2216"PﻩPAGＥRＥF_Ｔoc２１909221６\h１３HYＰERＬINＫ\l＂＿Ｔoｃ２１90９22１7”ParkandPｏoｌ（Ｐ&P）ﻩPAGＥＲEＦ＿Ｔoc219０92217\h13HＹＰERLＩNK\l”＿Ｔoc2１909２２18"PaｒkandＲidｅ(P&R） PAＧEＲEＦ＿Toc21９09２２18\h1３HYPERLINＫ\l”_Toc21９092219"PeaｋＨｏurFaｃtor(PHF) PAＧERＥF_Toｃ21909２21９＼h13HＹPＥＲLINK\l＂_Tｏc21９0９2220＂PｅakHｏｕrTｒａｆfic（ＰHT)ﻩ９092220\h1３HYPＥRLINK＼l”_Tｏc２１9０922２1＂PersｏｎTｒipﻩPＡGEREＦ_Toc２19０9222１\h1３ＨYPERＬＩNKProgramﻩPAＧEREF_Ｔoｃ21９092222＼ｈ14HYＰERLINK\l”＿Ｔoc2190922２３＂RﻩPAGEREＦ_Ｔoc2190922２３＼ｈ14HYPＥRLINK＼l”_Toc２190９2２24＂ＲecordOfDecision(ROD）ﻩPＡGEREF_Toc2１90９2224\h1４ＨＹPERLINK＼ｌ”＿Toc2190９2225"RiｇｈtOfWａy（RＯW) PAGＥＲEF_Ｔoc２190９222５\h14HYPＥRＬINＫSurfａceTranspｏrtationProgrａmCategory４Cfor"ＵｒbanMobｉlｉty／Ｒeｈａbｉlitaｔｉon”(ＳTP4C） ＰＡGEREF_Toc２190９２232＼h15HYPEＲＬＩＮK＼ｌ＂_Toｃ２１9０９2２3３”T PAGEREＦ_Toc21９０９2２33\h15HYPEＲLIＮＫ\l”＿Toc21909223４"TexasDepartmentoｆTrａnｓportａtｉoｎ(ＴxDOT) PAGERＥF＿Toc2１9０9２234＼h15HYＰERLIＮＫ\l＂＿Toc2１90９2２35＂TexａsNaturalResourcesConservatiｏnCoｍmｉssｉon(TNRCC） PAGERＥF_Toc2１９09２235\h16HYＰERLIＮK\l＂_Ｔｏc２19０92236"TｒanspｏｒtationＤemandManaｇemｅnt（ＴＤM) PAＧERＥＦ＿Tｏｃ21909２236\h16ＨYＰERＬINK\l＂＿Toc2１909２２37"ＴraｎspｏrtaｔｉoｎＩmprovemenｔProgram（ＴIＰ） PAGEREF＿Toc2１90９2２37\ｈ16ＨYPＥRLINＫ\l＂_Tｏc21909２2３8＂TransportａtionMａnaｇeｍentAreａ（TMA） PＡGEREＦ_Tｏc2190９2238＼ｈ16HＹPＥRLIＮK＼l＂＿Toｃ21９0９２２３9”TransｐoｒｔａtionＳｔratｅgy PＡGＥＲEF_Toc2１９092２39\h1７HYPERLＩＮK\l＂_Toｃ２1９0９2240"TｒａnsportationSystemManaｇeｍenｔ（TＳＭ)ﻩPAGEREF_Ｔoｃ2190９22４0\ｈ17ＨYPERＬINＫVehｉｃleMilｅoｆTｒaｖel(VMT）ﻩＰAGEREF_Toｃ21９０92２4５\h1８HYＰＥＲＬINK\l＂_Ｔoc２１9092246＂ＶehicｌeｓPerDａｙ(ＶＰD） ＰＡGEＲEF＿Toc２190922４６\h1８HYPERLINＫ＼l"_Toc２1９092247”VｅhiｃlesPeｒＨour（VPH） ２47＼h18HＹPERLIＮK\l”＿Toc２190９2248＂Volｕmｅ-ｔo-Capａｃityraｔiｏ（V/C)ﻩＰＡGEＲEＦ＿Toc219092２48\h18HＹPＥRLIＮK＼ｌ＂_Ｔoc２19０9224９”WﻩPAGＥRＥF＿Tｏｃ219092249＼h18ＨYPEＲLＩNＫ＼l”MＰＯ＂ＭetropolitaｎPlａnningOｒganizaｔion(MPO)ｆｏrtheAｕstiｎareａ。CapacｉｔｙCaｐａｃitｙreｆerstoａraｔeofveｈｉｃｕlarｏrｐersｏnfｌowthatcanbeexpecteｄtoｔraｖerseaｐoｉntoruniforｍｓectionofalａneｏrroadｗaydｕringaｓｐecｉficｐeriod,whｉchismosｔｏｆteｎapｅak１5-miｎuteperiod,andwｈichisnotthemａｘimｕmｖolumethａｔｃａｎｂeａccommｏdateddurｉｎgａnhouｒ，uｎderｐｒevailingroａdｗay,trafｆic,andcoｎtrolcoｎｄｉtioｎs.CapacｉtyandHYＰERLINK”"\ｌ"ＬOS"LevｅloｆService（LOS）areanalyzedsｅparaｔelyanｄaｒeｎotsiｍplyrelatedtoｅａchoｔhｅr；boｔhmuｓtbｅfｕｌlyconsiｄeredtoevａlｕａｔetｈｅoverａlloperationofafacｉｌitｙ。CapacｉｔｙanalyｓｉｓmaybeusedintｈecoｍputatｉonofHYＰERLINK"”＼ｌ＂ＶCRａｔio”Volｕme—tｏ—Capaｃｉty（Ｖ/C）ｒatｉos．Ｉnsoｍecases，tｈeV/ＣratioisuｓeｄtodｅｆineLOＳ.ＣategｏrｉｃａlEｘclusionEｘampleｓofcaｔegｏrｉcalexｃlｕsｉoｎsarｅactｉonsｗhich，ｂasedonpａsｔexperｉencｅwｉthsｉmｉｌarａctiｏｎs，ｄｏnoｔiｎvolvｅsiｇnificａntenvｉroｎｍentaｌimpacts。Tｈeyareactioｎswhiｃhdonotdoanyoｆthｅfoｌlowing：iｎduｃesigｎificａntimｐactstoplａnｎeｄgrowthoｒlａndusｅforthearea;reqｕiretｈerelｏcationｏfsｉgｎifiｃantnumbersoｆpeopｌe；haveasiｇｎｉficantimpaｃtoｎanynaｔuｒal,ｃultural，recreational,hｉstorｉｃｏｒotherrｅsｏurce;iｎｖolｖesiｇniｆicantair，noise，orwaterqualityimｐacts；ｈavesｉｇniｆｉcantimpａctsｏntravelｐatｔernｓ；ｏrotherwｉｓe，ｅｉｔheriｎｄividualｌyorcumulａtively,ｈａｖeaｎysｉgｎiｆicantｅnｖｉroｎmenｔaｌimpacｔs.CｅnｔralＢｕｓinｅｓsDistrict（CBＤ）Thedoｗnｔownrｅｔａｉltradｅandｃommerciａｌａｒｅaofａcitｙｏranareａｈaｖingｈigｈｌandvalｕeｓ,trａｆｆｉcfｌow,ａndｃoncentrａtiｏnoｆretaiｌｂusｉｎessoｆfｉceｓ，enｔｅrｔaiｎment，lodｇｉｎg，andseｒvicｅs.ChaｎgeaｂleMessaｇeSiｇn(CMＳ)AＣMSisusedtｏadvisｅdriversoftraffiｃｏｒｒoadｗａyｃｏndｉｔiｏnsａhｅａｄand，inｓomecasｅs,reｃommeｎdalｔｅｒnａterｏuｔes。ＴheＣMSalsoreｄuｃesdriｖｅrｆｒｕstratioｎbyprｏｖidiｎgadvancewarｎinｇ.ACMＳisａlsoreferｒｅdｔoasａＶariaｂleMessaｇeＳiｇｎ（VMS）.ＣollectｏrDistriｂuｔor（CD)ＡCDｆreewaysｙsteｍsepａrａteslｏcalanｄthrougｈｔｒaｆｆicbyuseofCDroａdwaysａndthroughroadｗays（”mainlaｎeｓ”or”ｃoreｒoadway＂)．TheＣDroadｗayislocaｔedbｅtweenｔhemainｌanesanｄａHＹPERLINＫ"＂\l"FRoaｄ＂frontageroadorlocａlstreetsｙstem。Oｎthｅmaｉｎｌａnｅs,ｔｒafficｆｌｏｗiｓiｍprovedsincｅHＹPERLINK"＂\ｌ"Fｒeeｗay"ｆｒｅeｗayａccｅssｐoｉｎts.ACDroａｄwayｉsdifferentfromafｒｏnｔageroaｄbecauｓeacｃeｓstｏaｄjａcｅntpropertiesｉsnotpermitｔeｄ。ACDroadwaycaｎcｏmpleｍｅｎｔanexiｓtiｎｇfrontａｇerｏadｓｙstembｙiｎclｕsionoframｐｓconnectｉngthｅＣＤｒoadwaytothｅfrontagerｏaｄ;thｅｆrｏnｔagｅroadiｓthenbetteraｂleｔoｈandletraffｉcaccessｉｎgadjacenｔpｒｏpertieｓ．Ｆoｒｔraｆｆictraｖeｌiｎｇbetweenafreeｗaysyｓtemａnｄｍoredistａnｔpoiｎｔs，"direcｔcｏnnect"rampscanbeusｅdtｏ”direｃｔlｙconnｅｃt”ｔheＣDｒｏａdwaytomajorthoｒoughfarｅs（ｌeadｉngtomａjoｒtｒaｆficgeneraｔiｏnａreaｓ）and,thｅrｅby，bｙpａsｓfrontａgeroａdｓｏrloｃalstreetsadｊacenttothefreeｗay。ＴhｉsCDroadwａyanｄｄirectcｏnnｅctrａmpaｒｒangemｅｎｔｅlimiｎaｔesmerｇｉngandweａvingｍｏvementstｈatwouldotherwiｓeoｃcｕrbeｔｗeenthｅｆreewaｙ，ｆrｏntａｇeｒoad，ａndlocalｒｏadｓ.Duringpｅａkｔrafｆｉc,ｔhisａｒｒanｇementｃaｎprovｉｄｅtｈeａｄｄedｂeneｆiｔｏfｋeepiｎgopentｈosesectｉonsoｆfreewａylａnｅsapproachinｇeｘiｔｒampssｉｎcegreaｔｅrstoraｇｅlengthｆoreｘitｉｎgtｒafｆicｑuｅues(liｎesoｆvehicｌeswaｉtingtheiｒｔurｎ)ismade;ｉncreａsｅdｑueuestｏｒａgeismadebｙthegreａterlｅｎgthofthediｒｅcｔconnectramps，tｈeｒeducｔiｏnofturｂuleｎceintｈeｑueue(noacceｓsｔoaｄjacenｔproｐｅrｔｙ)，andthereｌocatｉonoftｈｅqueueaｗayfｒoｍ,insteaｄofparａllｅlwiththｅfrｅeway.ACＤsystemwithｄireｃtｃonnｅｃtrampscａnproｍoteintｅrmoｄaｌismsｉnｃeｉtproｖidｅsfoｒeasiｅｒｍovementoftranｓitvｅhiｃleslｉｋebuses．BusｅscaneａsilytrａvelｄirectlybeｔweｅntｈeCDrｏadwaｙandlocａlstreetswithoutｈavingｔoｍergｅａｎdweａvｅｏｎａnｄoffoｆｆrontageroａｄs.ＴheCＤrｏａdway'sｏpｅｒａtingspeeｄisｇeneraｌｌylｏwerthanthemainlanessiｎcｅtheCDroａdwayhａsmoｒeentrａnceanｄｅxitareas.Itｉswoｒｔhnｏｔｉngｔhａtafreeway＇soptｉmａｌtrａffｉcｃaｒrｙｉnｇcａpaciｔyocｃuｒsataround45ｍph。Becａｕseｏfｔhisloweｒｏperatingspeed，ｔheＣDroaｄwａymaybeｄeｓiｇnedwiｔhalowerdesｉgnspeｅｄwｈicｈalｌowｓformorｅfｌexｉｂlｅdesign.Ｉngｅｎeral,ａfreｅwａｙsｙｓtemｗithhigｈtraｆfiｃvoｌumes,inacity-tyｐｅａrea,cａnhaveitsoｖerａｌltraｆｆiccａｒｒyingcaｐaｃiｔyａｎdｆｌoｗoperａtionｓimｐｒｏｖeｄbｙuseoｆaＣＤsystｅm．CDsysteｍｓａｒｅcurrｅntｌyiｎoperationinsevｅｒａlｃitｉｅsａcrosstｈenaｔiｏｎ。ＣommuｔeｒRail（CR)ＣｏｍｍuterRａiｌisuｒbaｎｐassenｇeｒｔraｉnｓervｉceforsｈｏrtdｉsｔancｅ（ｌocaｌ）tｒavelｂｅtweenacentralciｔｙａndadjacｅnｔｓubuｒbsａndlonghaｕl（reｇional)paｓｓengerｓerｖicebetｗeｅｎcitｉes．Iｔdoｅsｎotｉncludeheavyrａilservｉcｅoｒlightrailservｉce(ｓeｒvinｇlongerdistanceｓ）.Commｕteｒｒaiｌsｅrviｃeｍａybeeｉtherloｃｏｍotｉve-hauledｏrsｅlf—prｏpｅｌleｄ,andiscｈarａcterｉzｅｄｂyreducｅｄfaremulti－tripｔｉcｋｅtｓ,ｓpeciｆicｓｔａtｉoｎ-to－statiｏnｆareｓ，ｒａiｌｒoadｅmployｍｅntpracticeｓ，ａndｕsuａlｌyonlyoｎｅｏｒtwｏstatioｎｓiｎthecｅｎｔralbｕsinessdistｒｉｃt。Aｌsoknowｎａｓ”suｂuｒbanrail．”Itｍaｙcｒossthegeogrａｐhiｃａｌｂoｕndａｒiesofastａte。Ｃongeｓｔiｏn／DemandＭanageｍent（CDM)SeeTrａnspｏrｔatioｎDeｍanｄMａnagemeｎtandCongestionＭanaｇｅmenｔSystｅm.CｏngeｓtionManａｇementSystem（CMS)Asystemａtiｃｐｒocesswhichprｏviｄｅｓinformａtioｎontｒanｓportationsysｔeｍperfｏrｍanｃeandaｌｔｅrｎaｔｉvｅstratｅgiｅstｏalleｖｉatecongestｉoｎandeｎhancethemobｉlitｙofpeｒsonsaｎdgｏoｄs．AＣMSinｃｌｕdesｍethodstｏｍoniｔorandｅvaluatepeｒformaｎcｅ,identifyａltｅrnativeactioｎs,acｃｅssandｉmplｅｍeｎｔcosｔ—effectivｅacｔiｏns，aｎｄeｖａluaｔｅtheeffectiｖeneｓsofimplemeｎｔedactiｏns。CｏngestｉｏnMｉtigationandAｉrQuality(CＭＡQ）improveｍenｔpｒograｍAspeｃialpｒoviｓiｏｎｏftheＩSTEAthatｄｉreｃtsfuｎdｓtowａrdsprojｅcｔsinCｌｅaｎAｉrAｃｔHYPEＲＬINK"＂\l＂NAA"Ｎｏｎ-Attaiｎｍentarｅasforozoneａndcarbonmｏｎoxide。CoｎgeｓｔionPrｉｃingThepｏlicyofcｈaｒgingｄriｖersafeetｈatvarｉeｓwiｔｈtｈeleｖelofｔrafｆiｃonacoｎｇestedroadway．Cｏngｅｓtionprｉciｎgisｄesｉgnedtｏallocateroadwaｙｓｐａceiｎamorｅefｆiｃientmaｎnｅｒ。Cｏｎgestioｎpｒｉcinｇｉsalsｏknownａsrelieftｏllｉng，variaｂlｅprｉcing,anｄroａdprｉｃiｎｇ。ContｒoloｆAccesｓ（CＯA)Ｔhｉsisalｓoreferｒedtｏａsaccｅsscontrol.COＡｉstheregulatedlimitaｔionofacｃeｓsanｄisachｉeｖeｄbyｒｅguｌaｔionoｆpｕblｉｃａccesｓrightsinｔo(iｎgress）aｎdouｔｏf(eｇresｓ）pｒoｐertiｅsａｂuttiｎgaroａdway。Therｅaｒeｔwｏtｙpes：fullcontｒｏlofaccｅssａndｐaｒｔialcoｎtrｏlｏfaccｅsｓ.Ａｌso，tｈereaｒedriveｗaｙandａpproａchcontrolreｇulａtｉｏｎs.OnaｒoａdwaywithｆuｌlCOA,prefｅｒenceｉsgｉventｏthemovｅmentｏfthrｏugｈtraｆficbｙｐｒoｖiｄｉｎgａcｃessｃonnectionsoｎlywithselectｅｄpublicｒoaｄs，bｙprohibitｉｎgcrｏssingsattｈeｓamｅgｒade，andｂyprｏhibitingdireｃtprivａtedｒｉvｅwayｃoｎnecｔions。OnaｒoaｄwａywｉtｈpａrｔialCOＡ，pｒｅferenceisgivｅｎtｏthrｏuｇhtrａｆfic；hｏwｅveｒtｈeremaybeａccesｓｃonnectiｏnsｗiｔhselecｔedｐublｉcroaｄs，ｃrｏssingsatthesaｍegraｄe,aｎdpｒivatｅdｒivewayｃｏnｎections．Fｕlloｒｐａrtialａccessconｔrｏlｉｓusuallyacｃoｍpliｓhedbｙlegａllyobtａiningｒiｇht—of－acceｓsfromthｅabuttingｐrｏｐｅrtyowneｒsorbｙｔｈeuseoｆfrｏntageｒoads。ＣriｔicaｌMoｖｅmentAnalysis(CＭＡ）Forｓigｎaｌizedintersectionｓ，ＣMＡfoｃuｓeｓonｌaｎegroupsoｒmovemｅntswhiｃｈcｏntrolsｉgnalrｅquiremｅnｔs．CMAｆｏｃｕｓesoｎthｅidentifiｃatｉonaｎdproｖｉｓionofｃapacityforｓｕｃhflowscａlledcritiｃalmovemenｔｓ。ＣMAisalsｏuｓｅdincapaｃitｙanalysｉs.ＤDesｉgnHｏｕrVｏｌｕｍe(DＨV)Ｔypically，theDHVistｈethirtiethhighesthourlyｔraｆｆicvolumeforthｅdeｓｉｇnyeaｒ,cｏmｍｏnlytｗｅntyyeａrsfroｍthｅtimeoｆcoｎｓtructｉｏｎ．TheDHVisgiveｎinunitｓofｖehicｌespeｒhoｕr.DｉrectｉonaｌＤesigｎHｏurＶｏlｕmｅ（DDHV）Typically,ｔhｅＤDHViｓtｈeｔhirtiｅｔhhｉghｅsthourlytrafｆｉｃｖolumeｉnoｎedirectｉonforthedｅsignyeaｒ，commｏnｌｙtwentyyeａrsfｒomthetimeofcｏnstruction。ＤDHViｓgｉvｅninｕｎiｔsｏfvehiclespｅrhoｕｒ．DraftEnviroｎmｅntaｌImpaｃtStateｍｅｎｔ（DEIS）Aneｎｖironmeｎtalｄocumenｔthａｔisprepaｒeｄwhenｉtｉsiｎｉtｉallydetermiｎedthatｔheactiｏn/projecｔmａｙｃａusesignifiｃantimｐactsｔoｔｈeenviroｎmｅｎt，wheｎｅnvirｏnmentａｌｓtｕdｉesaｎdeａrlycｏordiｎatｉｏninｄicａｔｅsignifｉcａntiｍpacｔs,orwhｅnrevieｗofthｅｅnｖironmentａlaｓｓessmentindｉcａtesｔｈａｔthｅimpacｔsａnticiｐatedtoｒesulｔfroｍｔhｅｐrｏjectｍaｙbeｓｉｇnificaｎt.ＴｈeDEＩＳcomｐaresalｌreasonabｌealteｒnativestotｈeprｏｐosedprojectandｓuｍmariｚestｈeｓtudiｅs，revieｗs，conｓｕｌｔations，aｎdｃｏｏrｄinatioｎｒequｉredbyｌegislatｉonandEｘecutiｖeOrｄerｓtotheextentaｐpｒopriａteａtthedrafｔstageiｎtheｅｎｖironmｅｎｔaｌpｒｏｃess.Thisdｏcumenｔlisｔsallentitiｅｓfｒomwhiｃhcommeｎtsaｒebeiｎｇrequested．ＥEnvｉronmｅｎｔaｌAsｓesｓｍent（EA)AｄoｃｕmｅｎｔthatasｓessesaｎactionｔhａｔisnotaｃatｅgoricａlexclusionanｄdoesnｏtclearｌyrｅquirｅthepreparationofａnHＹＰＥRＬINＫ""\l＂EIS＂eｎｖironmentalimｐactstatｅmｅnt(EIS），ｏrwherｅthｅFHWA”FｅderaｌHｉgｈｗayAdministｒaｔioｎｂelieveｓanｅnvｉroｎmentalａsseｓsmｅntwouldassisｔindetermｉｎiｎgtheｎeｅdｆｏranEＩS.EnvｉｒoｎmeｎtalＩｍｐactSｔaｔｅmｅnt（ＥＩS)Ａnｅｎｖironｍeｎtaldocｕmenｔthatisｒｅｑuiredwhenanａｃｔionthatwillsｉgnificａntlyａfｆｅcttheｅnｖiｒonｍeｎｔ．EnvironｍenｔalPｒoteｃtiｏnAgencｙ(EPＡ）ＡFｅｄｅrａlａgencychargｅｄwithprotectｉngtheｎａtｕralresourｃesｏntheｎatioｎ．ExpresswａｙＡｎexｐｒesswayisadｉvｉdｅｄhighwayfaciliｔyusuａｌlyｈavｉngtｗooｒｍorelanesfortheeｘclｕsivｅuｓeoftrafｆｉcineacｈdirectionandｐaｒtialcontrolofaｃcｅss（ａsopｐosedｔoafreeｗaｙwｈichｈasfullHYＰＥＲLＩNK”＂＼l＂ＣＯA"cｏｎtｒoｌofａcceｓs)。FFeａsｉbiｌitｙStｕdyAsｔｕdｙａboutａproｊeｃt’sfeasｉbilitywhichissuｍｍariｚedｉｎaｄｏcuｍeｎt。Ｔｈesｔｕdyadｄrｅsseｓiｓｓｕｅsinｃlｕdiｎgtheprojeｃｔ’sｂｅnefits,coｓtｓ，effectivenｅss,aｌｔernａtivesｃonsidｅrｅd,analysiｓｏfａlternatiｖeｓelｅｃtion，ｅnvｉｒonmentaleffects,publicｏpiｎions，aｎｄｏtherfacｔors.ＴheｆｅasｉｂilｉtyｓtudyformajoｒproｊeｃtsiｎvoｌｖingFedeｒａlfunｄswasreplaｃｅdundeｒtｈｅHYPＥＲＬINK""\l”ISＴEA"InteｒｍoｄaｌＳurfａceTranｓporｔaｔｉonＥfficiｅncyActbｙtheHYPEＲLINK＂”\l＂ＭIS"ＭajorInｖestｍeｎtSｔuｄy.FｅｄｅralＨighwａyAdｍinｉstration(FHWＡ）Theｆederalａgeｎcｙreｓpoｎsiblｅｆortheaｄmiｎistｒatｉｏｎｏfｆｅderａｌhigｈwayfunｄs．FHＷAｄoesｎoｔｈaveａdireｃtrｏｌeｏｒｒesｐoｎsｉbiｌiｔiｅｓintｈｅdｅvｅｌopｍｅｎtｏfurbanｔranspoｒtａtiｏnｐlａｎsorthｅｉrｄeveｌｏpmｅnｔ。Howeveｒ，theirroleisadｍinistrａtiｏnoffederａlfundsaｎdinｔheiｓsuaｎｃｅoｆpolｉcyaｎdｐroｃeｄureｔimetabｌｅsforiｍplｅｍｅnｔatｉonｏｆfedeｒaｌlｅgｉslａtiｖｅdｉrectｉveｓisimmｅｎse。FｅｄeｒalTrａnsｉtAdmｉｎistration（FTA)TheFTＡwａsformerlyastｈeUｒbanMａssTrａnsｐoｒtaｔiｏnAｄmiｎistｒａtion。IｔopｅrａteｓｕｎｄｅrtheaｕtｈｏrityoftｈeFｅｄeｒａｌTransitＡct.ＴｈeFTＡwａsestabｌishｅdａsaｃompｏnｅnｔoｆtｈeＵSDepartmenｔofＴranspｏrtaｔion。FｉnalEｎviroｎmeｎtalImｐacｔＳtatemｅnｔ(FＥIS)AnｅnviroｎmｅｎtaldｏcumentthatisｐrｅｐaｒedfoｌｌｏwingtheHYPEＲLINK”"＼ｌ”ＤEＩS”DｒaftEnvironmeｎtalImpactStateｍｅnt（ＤEＩＳ），whｉchiｎclｕdesｔｈeresulｔsｏｆthepuｂlｉｃｉｎvolveｍentprocｅｓsandagenｃｙinputｏｎtheDＥＩS.Thisdocumentｓｕmmａｒｉzeｓthesubsｔａｎtiveｃommentsonsocial,econｏｍic，envｉronｍeｎtal,aｎdengiｎeeｒingｉsｓuesmadｅasaresultofthepｕblicｉnvｏlvementｐroｃess，anｄdocumｅntｓｃｏｍplianｃewithrequireｍｅntsoｆallapplicａｂleeｎvｉroｎｍentａlｌaws，EｘeｃｕtivｅＯｒders,ａndotherrelａｔedrequirｅments.FlexiｂlｅOperationａlCａpabｉlitｙaｌｌowstheｄｉｒectiｏnlaｎｅstochangｅtoaｃcoｍｍoｄatｅunevenｔrafficflow。Ｆorｅxａmｐle,durｉnｇaneｖaｃuatioｎ，7norｔｈboｕｎdlａｎescanbecreatedｆorｅvacｕｅesaｎd１soｕｔhboundlaｎeforemergｅncyvｅhｉｃles.FｒｅewaｙAdivｉdｅdhighwaｙｆacｉlｉｔｙhａvｉngtwoormoｒelaneｓｆoｒtheexｃlusｉveuseoftrafficｉｎeachdirectiｏnandfuｌｌHYＰERLIＮK＂”\l”ＣOＡ"contｒoloｆaccess．Thefreewayistheonlyｔypｅoｆhighwayintendeｄｔoprｏｖidecompleｔe＂ｕninterrｕｐted"flow.FｒonｔagｅroａdAｎaｒteriａｌtｙperoａdｗayｔhatｐａralｌｅｌsａｍａjortrａnsporｔatioｎｆａcilｉｔysuchａｓafreeｗay。IｔｓeｒvｅsｔocoｌlectanddiｓtrｉｂｕｔetrafficａlongｔhemajorfａｃilitywiｔhoutimpeｄingfloｗalｏnｇtｈeHYPＥＲＬINK"＂\ｌ"Freeway"ｆreeｗａｙ。Ｆrontａgeｒoaｄｓareaｌsoreｆerreｄtobytｈeｐｕbｌicaｓ”ａｃcess，”＂feeder，"aｎd”ｓｅrviｃｅ”roads．GＧraｄeTheslope（ｒａｔｉｏofchangeinｅｌevａtioｎtochａngeiｎｄｉｓtaｎｃe)ofaroadwayｔypiｃallygivｅｎinpercent.Forexample,a2％ｇrａderepｒｅsentｓ２-feetoｆelevatioｎchａｎgeoｖｅra１00－ｆｏoｔdiｓtａnce.GradｅSｅｐaraｔionAｖｅrtｉcalseｐaｒationbｅtweenｉnｔersｅctinｇrｏadｓorrailroaｄtracks。Onefaｃｉlｉtyｔravelsｏvｅrtheoｔherviａanovｅrpａｓsorotheｒstrucｔure。HＨighOｃcupａncyVeｈｉcｌe（HＯV）Vehiｃｌeshavingmoｒethanoneocｃupant.Examplesincluｄｅcarｐools，ｖａnpools，ｂusｅs,ａｎdｍiｎi－bｕseｓ.ＴransｐortaｔioｎsystemsmａｙencouraｇeHOＶｕsｅｂyhavinｇdesｉgnatedHOVlａneｓ.HighOcｃupancｙVehｉｃｌe（HＯV)LaｎeＨighOccupancｙVehicleLaｎe.Ｅxcluｓiveroadoｒｔｒａｆficlanelｉmｉtedtobuses，vａnｐools，ｃａrpooｌs，emerｇeｎcyvｅhicleｓ,andinsomecaｓes，sinｇｌeoccｕpａntmotｏrcycｌes．ＨOVlaｎeｓtypicaｌlyhavehｉgheroｐeratingsｐeedsaｎdlowｅrtｒａfficvolumeｓthaｎａdjacｅntgｅneｒalpｕrｐoseｌanｅs．HＯVlaneshａｖｅprovenｔobeｓuccessfulｉnmaｊｏrｍｅｔropoliｔanａｒｅａsａcrosstheＵS;hｏweｖｅr,thｅｉｒfｕlleffecｔｉｖenessisusuallｙnotrｅalｉｚeｄunｔilabouｔｏnetotwｏyｅａｒsafｔeｒiｍｐlementａtiｏn.ＨighSｐeｅdRailＡrａｉlsｅｒvicｅhavingｔhｅchaｒacteristｉｃsofinｔｅｒｃityraｉlsｅrvicewhiｃｈoperaｔespｒimarilyonａdedicatedguiｄewａyortｒacknotｕｓed,ｆｏrｔhｅmosｔparｔ，byfreiｇｈt，ｉnｃluding，buｔnoｔlｉmitedto,ｔraiｎsonweldedrａiｌ，ｍagnetiｃallｙｌevitaｔｅｄ(MAGLＥV）ｖehｉclesｏｎaspecialｇｕiｄｅwaｙ，orotherａdｖancedtecｈnologyvehicｌes，designeｄtotraｖelaｔspeedsineｘｃeｓｓofｔｈoseｐossｉbleonotheｒtypesofraiｌroads.HiｇｈSpeedRailｈasexcｌｕsｉveriｇhtofｗａyandｓerｖｅsdeｎselytｒavelｅdcorridorsａｔspｅｅdsof１24ｍiｌespｅrhoｕranｄgreater.HｉgｈwaｙＡｄvisｏｒyＲadio(ＨAR）Aradｉosｔatiｏnwhiｃhbroadcasｔｓhiｇhwａycoｎditｉonsandtｒafｆicinｆｏｒｍａtｉｏn.ＨｏurlyＶｏluｍe(HＶ)Thevolumｅoftraffic(ｇiveninunitsofvehiｃlepeｒｈour）tｈａttｒaverseｓａcrｏssasｅgmentofaroａdwａyiｎoｎehour.TheHVｍａybedeｔeｒminedｆrｏmtｒaｆｆiｃcｏunｔｓormaybeaｐrｏjｅｃtｅdｃalculatｉｏn。ＲefｅrtoHYPEＲLINK"”＼l＂DHV"DeｓｉｇnＨourＶolumｅ.IＩnｃidenｔAninｃidentmａybeanyｏｆthefｏllowiｎｇ:trafficaccident,staｌledvehicle，loaｄspiｌlagｅ,ｏrotｈeraｃtｉonｔｈａteｆfectｓoneormoｒeｌanesoftｒaｆｆic.An＂accidｅnｔ”tｙpｉcａllyinvolvesａｃollisiｏnofaｍoｖingvehｉｃlewｉthanothｅrvｅhｉclｅ，peｒｓoｎ,oroｂjecｔ.IｎtelliｇｅｎtTransｐoｒtａtioｎSyｓtem(ＩTS)ITＳｒｅplａceｓthetｅｒmInｔelｌiｇｅnｔVeｈiｃlｅＨigｈwaySyｓｔem。ＩＴＳiｓasuｒveilｌａncｅｓｙｓtｅmｄesignedtoｍonitortｒaffiｃflowsonmａｊｏｒｆｒｅewayｓａnｄtoinforｍmotｏristsｏrprobleｍａreas．ＳomeITStechnologｙｉnclｕｄesｃhangｅaｂlｅmessagesigｎs，ｃamｅｒas，andvｉdeｏdetｅctorｓ。ITSapplicatｉｏnsinclude:ｔheintegrａtionofｔrａffｉｃｃontrｏlanｄｔranｓｐortａtｉonｍanａgｅmｅnｔｓyｓtems;trａfficsiｇnaｌsｗｈicｈadａｐｔtotraｆｆicaｎdｃｈａngeｃontrｏleachcycｌe;\ｌ"ＣMＳ”cｈangeａblemeｓｓagｅsigns（ＣMS）;vehicledeｔeｃtorｓ;ｃｌoseｄ-cｉrcuitteｌｅvｉsｉｏn；GlobａｌPositioningＳysteｍｓａndrｏuteguidanｃe（ｃurrentｌyusedinsomeｔrucks，buｓｅs,anｄｒenｔａｌcarｓ）。ＡnITSmayenabledrivｅｒstｏｏperatetｈｅirvｅhicｌｅｓmoｒesａfelｙａndwithｇreａterｋｎowlｅdgｅａbｏutexisｔingtｒafficcｏｎｄｉtionｓ。IntelligentVehｉclｅHighwaySystｅms（ＩVHS)SｅeIntelligentＴｒaｎsｐortatioｎSystem。IntermodalSuｒfａｃｅTrａnsportatｉoｎＥfficiｅncyAｃt（IＳTEA)ATranspｏrtａtioｎＢｉllｐａssｅｄbyCongressin１９91thａｔprovidessｉxyeaｒauｔhoriｚationsfordｅveloｐmentoｆaNaｔｉoｎalIntｅrmｏdalＴranspｏrtationＳyｓtemwhichconsistsｏfallfoｒmｓoftranspｏｒtationinａuｎiｆｉed,inｔercoｎｎｅcｔedｍanneｒ．ItincreasedｔｈｅｐercｅｎｔagｅofｆeｄeraｌmaｔchfundingaｖailablefoｒｔhemajorityoｆTexastransportationｐrojectｓ．ISTEAwasdesiｇnedtｏmovegｏodsａｎdpeoplemoreeffｉcientlybydevｅlｏpｉnganintegraｔeｄtransportatioｎinfraｓtructuresｙstｅmfortｈeUnｉtedＳｔates。ISTEAisｔhｉscountｒy’sfirstｓerｉouｓｅｆｆor