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[模拟]考研英语模拟263

多项选择

Thequalitiesrequiredofaherovarywiththetime,andsomegreat

figuresofacertainperiodwouldsurprisethepeopleofanother

generation.Considerthe_1_ofloveandgriefthatfollowedthedeath

ofJohnLennoninDecember1980.Fewdeathshavecausedsuchdeep

sorrow,suchmourning,in_2_manycountriesthroughthehistoryofthe

world._3_isnodoubtthatLennonwasaheroforhismourners.Why?What

hadhedone_4_wassoremarkable?”Johnwasnotjustamusician,“

saysoneofhisadmirers.Hehadknown_5_toexpressmygeneration,s

feelingsinthelate1960s.Hewasourvoiceandour_6_;hechangedwith

usovertheyears,alwaysalittle_7_ofus;heopenednew_8_forus

andencouragedusto_9_farther,todare.Toushetalkedofloveand

peace;hewasabigbrotherweneedina_10_time.uSomeofLennon,s

admirersmayhavebeenawarethathewasnot_11Buttheychoseto_12_

hisdarksidetoremaingratefulforthe_13_contributionhehadmade

intheirlives.Therearesurelymanypeoplewhodon,tconsiderLennona

hero,whoinfacthaveavery_14_opinionofhim.Butitisnot_15_

forone,sherotobeanotherperson,s_16_.Thinkofallthe

leaders,revolutionaries,andconquerorswhoaredeeplyrespectedbyone

nation,onereligiousgroup,oronegeneration,and_17_orhatedby

others.

Modernbiographersrespectthefacts,asindeedthey_18_.But

wepayapricefortheir_19_,forintheireffortstoshow“thewhole

person”,theytellusmoreaboutwereallyneedtoknowabouttheirprivate

lives,familysecret,andhumanweakness.Thetruegreatnessofafine

personisoftenforgotteninthe_20—.

第1题:

A.boom

B.explosion

C.outbreak

D.burst

参考答案:B

答案解析:

explosion1)(大规模的、迅猛的)扩张,激增,如apopulationexplosion2)(感

情、笑声等)爆发,迸发。anexplosionofrage大发雷霆。boom景气,兴旺。

1

outbreak用于事件。burstl)突然破裂,爆炸2)突发,一阵迸发(一般指活动)。

第2题:

A.so

B.such

C.much

D.too

参考答案:A

答案解析:

S0o联系上文的"suchdeepsorrow,suchmourning""那样多的",不用"such

D项逻辑不通,因为,作者不是嫌太多。比较:suchbadpeople这样的坏

人。such在这种情况下,并不修饰后面的形容词,而是修饰后面的整个短语。

这点与so不同。

第3题:

A.It

B.This

C.That

D.There

参考答案:D

答案解析:

There。其他各项不合语法。

第4题:

A.that

B.but

C.and

D.as

参考答案:A

答案解析:

thato这是个定语从句。比较:WhathaveIdonethatmakesyousoangry?

我做了什么让你那么生气?

第5题:

A.what

B.how

C.where

D.why

参考答案:B

答案解析:

2

howowhat不合逻辑,因为,express己有宾语。where,why不合语意,因为,

这里是强调Lennon的歌正是人们心中的歌。

第6题:

A.guide

B.spirit

C.soul

D.model

参考答案:A

答案解析:

guide向导,从意思上讲。guide最贴切,强调“向导”之意。soul,spirit—

般指运动、组织的中心人物。

第7题:

A.progressive

B.advanced

C.ahead

D.superior

参考答案:C

答案解析:

aheado习惯搭配。aheadof在…前面。这里指定在人们的前面,从而证明第26

个空格更应填A.

第8题:

A.perspectives

B.prospects

C.horizons

D.spectacles

参考答案:C

答案解析:

horizons(喻)眼界,见识。opennewhorizons开辟了新视野。perspective,

prospect远景,前景,用来指事物发展的前景,而horizon指能看到新的东西

的领域。原文是说,让我们看到了新东西。

第9题:

A.venture

B.risk

C.exploit

D.attempt

参考答案:A

3

答案解析:

venture鼓起勇气前进。risk不具备这一意思。todare敢于行动。

第10题:

A.annoyed

B.depressed

C.dismayed

D.troubled

参考答案:D

答案解析:

troubled动荡不安。其余各项多用来修饰人。annoyed恼怒的。depressed闷闷

不乐的。dismayed惊愕的。

第11题:

A.ideal

B.superb

C.perfect

D.supreme

参考答案:C

答案解析:

perfectosuperb壮丽的,华丽的;超等的,极好的。supreme至高无上的。

第12题:

A.ignore

B.neglect

C.forget

D.obscure

参考答案:A

答案解析:

ignoreoneglect侧重于无意的忽视。obscurevt.使暗,遮掩。本句是说,对

于Lennon的缺点,人们采取了淡化态度,尽管知道,但不予以追究。

第13题:

A.positive

B.indispensable

C.essential

D.incredible

参考答案:A

答案解析:

positiveoB、C项一般不用在contribution之前。incredible令人难以置信的。

4

indispensable不可缺少的。

第14题:

A.opposite

B.adversary

C.debased

D.low

参考答案:D

答案解析:

lowoadversary对手,敌手。debased降低了的,贬低了的。opposite不用在

这种结构中。一般我们只说havealow(high)opinionof-**

第15题:

A.unusual

B.common

C.incredulous

D.unbelievable

参考答案:A

答案解析:

unusualoincredulous不轻信的。

第16题:

A.villain

B.evil

C.demon

D.devil

参考答案:A

答案解析:

villaino坏人。其他各项过重。

第17题:

A.despised

B.prejudiced

C.prosecuted

D.biased

参考答案:A

答案解析:

despisedoprosecutevt.对・..起诉,检举,告发。bias使有偏见。

第18题:

5

A.would

B.should

C.will

D.shall

参考答案:B

答案解析:

should应该。上文讲的都是理所当然的事,因而应该予以尊重。

第19题:

A.truthfulness

B.sincere

C.loyalty

D.frank

参考答案:A

答案解析:

truthfulness说真话,诚实。loyalty忠诚。

第20题:

A.display

B.demonstration

C.exhibition

D.show

参考答案:A

答案解析:

display展示。demonstration。说明。证明。exhibition表现。show表演。display

侧重于明显的令人难堪的展示,或强调一种炫耀性。这里指尽情暴露别人的方方

面面。

多项选择

Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant

varietiesdevelopedthroughmoderntechnologies,includinggenetic

transformation.Someofthenewvarietiesincludeplantsproducingan

insect-toxicproteinandplantsresistanttoapopularherbicide.

Benefitsderivedfromthesevarietiesincludereducedtillage,thus

savingtopsoil,andreduceduseofharshherbicidesandchemical

insecticidesthatcancontaminatesoilandwater.

ThecommercialuseofgeneticallymodifiedcropsintheUnited

Statessince1993hastakenplaceaftercomprehensivescientificreviews

andapprovalbyregulatoryprocessesintheUSDepartmentofAgriculture

andEnvironmenta

6

[听力原文]

参考译文

近年来,美国农业采用了通过包括转基因技术在内的现代技术发展起来的

作物新品种。一些新品种可以产生杭昆虫的毒性蛋白,另一些则能抵杭一种通用

的除草剂。这些新品种的益处在于可以减少耕作进而保护表层土壤,还可以减少

难闻的污染水和土壤的除草剂和杀虫剂的使用。

在美国,自1993年来,经过全面科学检测、并通过了美国农业及环境保

护局管理程序的许可后,转基因作物开始在美国进行商业化推广。对源自转基因

作物的食品和饲料,如食用油、含蛋白质类食物及全粮的使用必须经过食品及药

品管理会的批准,在法规检查之中,动植物科学家以及医学科学会的许多成员参

加了对转基因技术及相关产品安全性研究及成果的讨论。结果,1999年,美国

40%以上的玉米、50%以上的棉花和45%以上的大豆将进行转基因改良,这将

使化学杀虫剂的使用减少数百万磅。

过去的一年中,大众媒体中出现越来越多的社论和文章一最初在欧洲,最

近在美国一以夸张的语言描述了使用转基因技术作物品种和食品的“危害及不可

预知的后果。在一些欧洲国家,这种歇斯底里的蛊惑几乎动摇了公众对所有食品

的信心。显然,美国的监测和批准系统没能说服欧洲民众。尽管许多相关现代农

作物改良技术都是美欧共同开发的,但两个大陆的民众对转基因技术产品的反应

却极为不同。在欧洲I,许多因素,比如对疯牛病的担忧、缺乏有效而透明的法规

监管系统、政府和大机构的不信任等,都助长了这种反应。20世纪90年代初期,

欧洲公众对转基因实地试验的反应未能使政府加入到这场讨论中,相比之下,美

国在1986年到1987年进行了最初的实地实验后就在科学家、管理者、农场主以

及环境保护主义者间展开了公开的讨论,所有问题和资料都被公开,以实验的形

式解决疑虑,从而做出了适当的决定。

第21题:

Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant

varietiesto

A.increaseproduction.

B.improvethetasteandnutrientoffarmproduce.

C.reducetheuseofchemicalpesticides.

D.demonstratethewondersworkedbymoderntechnology.

参考答案:C

答案解析:

“Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant

varieties...n;“reducedharshherbicidesandchemicalinsecticides...”

黑体部分提示了答案。

第22题:

7

Thesecondparagraphsuggests

A.it'sbynomeanseasyforthepublictoacceptthegenetically

modifiedcrops.

B.theapplicationofgeneticallymodifiedcropsentailsscientific

reviews,approvalbygovernmentagencies,discussionsbyscientistsand

communicationswiththepublic.

C.thesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedcropshasnotyetbeenproved.

D.theuseofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,thoughmoney-saving,remains

controversialintheUS.

参考答案:B

答案解析:

文章第一句提示了答案。

第23题:

TogetthegeneticallymodifiedcropsacceptedinEurope,scientists

should

A.askgovernmentalagenciesforhelp.

B.publicizethebenefitsofthem.

C.winthetrustofgovernmentonthefirstplace.

D.engageindialoguewiththepublicratherthanretreatfromit.

参考答案:D

答案解析:

“InEurope,factorssuchasconcernovermadcowdisease.Lackof

effectiveandtransparentregulatoryoversightandthemistrustof

governmentandlargeorganizationsappeartopromotethecurrentfuror.”

“ThepublicresponsetofieldtestsinEuropeduringtheearly1990s

failedtodrawgovernmentalagenciesintothediscussion.”这两句说明

公众对转基因食物有忧虑、对政府有误解,需要做沟通工作。

第24题:

Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe

A.”FacingFearofBiotechnology”.

B.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:YesorNo”.

C.”NewPlantVarieties:FruitofModernTechnology.

D.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:WhoCares”.

参考答案:A

答案解析:

文章主要谈及了人们对转基因食物这种生物科技产品的忧虑和担心,提出人类应

该如何面对这种新科技产品的现实问题,因此[A]为合适的题目。

第25题:

8

Thelastparagraphismainlyabout

A.foodsafety.

B.thedangersandunknowneffectsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.

C.Americabeingcriticizedforintroducingnewcropvarieties.

D.Americans'andEuropeans'differentresponsetonewcropvarieties.

参考答案:D

答案解析:

从“Althoughmanyoftherelevanttechnologiesusedinmoderncrop

improvementwereco-developedintheUnitedStatesandEurope,the

responseofthepublictoresultingproductsonthetwocontinentshas

beenverydifferent.”可得知答案。

Legitimacyhaslongbeenconsideredessentialtoanorganization,s

continuedexistence.Thoughintangible,likeabrand,itamountstoade

factolicensetooperateconferredonafirmbythoseitcomesintocontact

with.Legitimacyisearnedwhenthereissatisfactionabouthowcompanies

aregovernedintermsofinclusivity,transparencyandaccountability.

Itisnotastaticresource,butisbuiltorerodedovertime.

Iraqpresentsfirmswithuniquelegitimacychallenges,not

leastintermsofidentifyingthosewhocanconferitinacountrywhere

civilsocietyhasbeenrepressedfordecades.Thecoststobusinessof

theongoingconflictarebothindirect一thebreakdowningovernance,

trustandtolerance,andtheunderminingofenvironmentalandeconomic

capitalanddirect一thehighercostofsecurityandotherformsofrisk

management,lostmaterials,capital,personnel,litigation,opportunity

costs,andthedamagetoreputation.InMay2000,theEconomistdescribed

theriskscompaniesfaceinconflictzones:"pipelinescanbeblownup

bycrookedpartners.Fragileeconomiescancollapse.Andinrecentyears,

firmsdoingbusinessincountieswithunpleasantgovernmentshavebeen

pilloriedbynon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs),endangeringthemost

pricelessofassets,theirgoodname."Anunstableenvironmentisalso

adisincentiveforthesubstantialinvestmentrequiredoverlongperiods

byoilcompanies,andmanygavepostponedadecisionoverIraqpending

theestablishmentofalegitimateregime.SirPhilipWatts,chairmanof

RoyalDutch/Shell,exemplifiedthisstanceinJuly:"Thesafetyofour

peopleisparamount.Therehastobepropersecurity,legitimateauthority

andalegitimateprocess一bywhichwewillbeabletonegotiate

agreementthatwouldbelong-standingfordecades.Wewouldn,tgointo

thatsituationunlesstheseconditionsweresatisfiedbecausewearea

long-termprojectsandweneedtheframeworkinwhichwecanmakethis

sortofinvestmentdecision.”

Thechallengesaresufficienttoensurethatonlythose

companiespreparedtotakealong-termviewshouldventurein,andsuch

9

aventurewhichwillbeuniquelyexposedshouldinstabilityendure.

Stabilitywillnotcomewhiletheregimeisregardedas

illegitimate.ThatillegitimacyisreflectedonbusinessesenteringIraq

undergovernmentsponsorshipandonthosethatpayinsufficientregard

totheirlocalpartners.Businesscanbegintobreakthecycleandearn

itsownlegitimacybyattendingtoitsinternalsadministration,ensuring

itisinclusive,transparentandaccountabletoIraqis.Inthisway,

companiescanalsohelptoconferlegitimacyontheinterimauthority,

creatingavirtuouscirclebuildingtowardsthestabilitythatfirmsneed

tooperateprofitablyforthelongterm.Conversely,businessesthatfail

toengageadequatelywillmerelyunderminefurthertheIraqissenseof

involvementintheirownfutureandsocontributetothedownwardspiral

ofinstability.

第26题:

Inthefirstparagraph,legitimacyisanasset.

A.gainedsmoothlyandswiftlywhiletradingwithotherfirms

B.likeacredentialfortransactionbusiness

C.toretainacompany,sinclusivity,transparency,andaccountability

D.awardedbygovernmentorpartnerswhentheyaresatisfied

参考答案:B

答案解析:

文章大意:这是一篇经济类文章,讲述了合法性企业发展的问题。通过介绍Iraq

当前政权不合法、环境因素险恶等不利条件,说明在伊境内创办企业的重大风险。

[B]B项是“itamountstoadefactolicensetooperateconferredona

firmbythoseitcomesintocontactwith”的另一种说法。

第27题:

Howdoyouunderstandthefirstsentenceinsecondparagraph?

A.CompaniesinIraqunderdictatorialregimelacklegitimacy

B.CompaniesinIraqfacemoresecurityproblemssinceitisa

conflictingzone

C.Theunstableenvironmentdetersinvestment

D.Stemgovernancerepressedcivilsocietythatindirectlyharmed

commercialdevelopment

参考答案:A

答案解析:

[A]见难句解析。

io

第28题:

AccordingtoEconomist,sdescriptioninMay2000,companiesinconflict

zonesfacedfollowingrisksEXCEPT.

A.incredibilityofcooperators

B.dangeroflosingitsgoodname

C.thepresentpoliticalclimateinIraq

D.uncertaintyofeconomy

参考答案:C

答案解析:

[C]C中关于伊拉克当前的政治状况不在经济学家的分析中,其他项的“合作

伙伴可信度低;名誉丧失的危险;经济不确定性”都有原文依据。

第29题:

WhatSirPhilipWattssaidimpliesthat.

A.SirPhilipWattswillbynomeansinvestorlaunchbusinessinIraq

B.presentlyonlythosecompanieswhoplantotakeshort-termbusiness

daretosetuptheirbusinessinIraq

C.legitimateauthorityisthekeypointamongallriskyfactorsnow

inIraq

D.mostlocalfirmsinIraqareillegitimateanduntrustworthy

参考答案:C

答案解析:

[C]legitimateauthority在Watts的整段话中被重点强调。另外,Watts的

言论背景在文中也有介绍,amanyhavepostponeda...establishmentofa

legitimateregime。

第30题:

Fromthelastparagraph,wecanconclude.

A.businessenteringIraqcanexpandprosperouslywiththeguidance

ofgovernment

B.temporarygovernmentinIraqcanneverbetrusted

C.thereisstillcertainleewayforbusinesstoestablishlegitimacy

inIraq

D.withoutstabilityforeignbusinesscansurviveprofitablyforlong

timeinIraq

参考答案:c

答案解析:

[C]最后一段介绍了企业在伊拉克目前情况下如何求取生存,获得一定的合法

性,正是C项的意思。A,B,D均为错误项。

Text1

11

Formanytraditionalistsinbusinessandeconomics,thedeath

ofold-stylecompetitionasthenumber-oneroutetosuccesswillbehard

toswallow.Butinthenewview,Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalue

inlongerterm.Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunities

andadapttochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimes

becooperators,sometimescompetitors,andsometimesbothatonce.

Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochange

theirbusinessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics.In

placeofclassictheoryofdiminishingreturnsasresourcesandmarkets

areexploited,economistArthurseeswhathecallsincreasingreturns.

uIncreasingreturnsarethetendencyforwhatisaheadtogetfarther

ahead,“hesays."Ifaproductoracompanyoratechnology■—oneofmany

competinginamarket-getsaheadbychanceorcleverstrategy,increasing

returnscanmagnifythis,andtheproductorcompanyortechnologycan

goontolockinthemarket."Asaresult,acompanycanmakeakilling

fromaproductthatisnotasgoodasitscompetitors'.

AccordingtoArthur,oneofthebestexamplesofincreasing

returnsisDOS,theMicrosoftdiscoperatingsystemforpersonalcomputers.

Althoughwidelyseenasinferior,itneverthelesscametodominatethe

market.

Withinthepersonalcomputerecosystems,IBM(usingDOS)and

Appleestablishedseparatenetworksofcommittedusersandsoftware

supplierswritingtoDOSorMacintoshstandards.Crucially,IBMdidnot

stopotherfirmsbuilding"clones”ofitsPC.ThenumberofPCsmushroomed,

allofthemsupportedbyDOS.Asaresult,DOSbecamethe800-poundgorilla

inthemarketplace.

Ifbusinesssystemsandecosystemshavesomethingfundamental

incommon,thereisdisconcertingnewsforbosses."Thefirstruleof

complexsystemsisthatitisalmostimpossibletopredictwhoisafriend

andwhoisanenemy,“saysPimm.Hedescribesfieldexperimentsinwhich

apredatorisremovedfromacommunity.Youmightexpectitsprey,species

A,tothrive.ButabouthalfthetimespeciesAsuffersbecausethe

predatorhasanotherprey,speciesB,competingwithspeciesA.Withthe

populationofspeciesBnolongerkeptincheckbypredator,itmayeven

pushspeciesAtolocalextinction.

Businessecosystemsfacethesameproblemofdecidingwhois

afriendandwhoisanenemy.Andthebadnewsdoesn,tstophere."When

everythingisconnecteddirectlyorindirectlytoeverythingelse,

changesinonepartofthesystemmaybepropagatedthroughout,“saysPimm.

uSometimesspeciesmaygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown.”

(447words)

1.inplaceof…代替

2.makeakilling[vt.]赚大钱

3.mushroom[v.]迅速扩散或增加

12

4.prey[n.]被掠食者,被剥削者[同义]ravage,depredation

5.predator[n.]奴役他人者

[听力原文]

参考译文

对传统商界、经济界人士而言,把旧式竞争方式的死亡看作是通向成功的

首选路线,这是让人难以接受的。但是,新的观点认为,从长远的观点来看,达

尔文式的竞争价值有限。更重要的挑战是能够在置身于复杂的同伴网络中一有时

是合作者,有时是竞争者,有时是两者兼而有之一还能够创造机会并适应变化。

正如经济网络的观念正在迫使公司改变经营策略一样,它同时也正在改变

对经济的看法。传统理论认为,随着资源和市场的开发,利润就会随之降低。然

而,经济学家Arthur的观点却恰巧相反,他认为利润在增加。他说:“不断增

加的利润就是对未来趋势的展望和不断前进。如果一个产品、一个公司或一项技

术(有许多在市场上竞争)偶然或凭计谋领先,渐增的利润能使它们扩大,产品或

公司或技术可以进而固定它在市场占有的地位。”结果公司就能从一种竞争力不

强的产品中获取暴利。

Arthur称,渐增的利润的最好的例证就是DOS一微软的个人电脑磁盘操作

系统。虽然人们普遍认为它不及美国的同类产品,但它却垄断了市场。

在个人计算机生态系统中,IBM(使用DOS)和APPLE公司分别建立了自己

的用户网和根据DOS或Macintosh标准编写程序的软件供应商。关键是IBM没有

制止其他公司对它的个人机进行“克隆”。个人机的数量剧增,而他们全是DOS

系统支持的,就这样DOS系统成为市场上的抢手货。

如果经济系统和生态系统有基本共同点的话,那将是老板们的噩耗。皮姆

说:“复杂系统的第一个规则是,几乎不可能预言谁是敌谁是友”。他描述了这

样一个野外试验:当一种食肉动物被驱逐出某一生物群落(community)后,你也

许会期望它的被捕食者A会快速繁衍,然而有接近一半时间,物种A遭受不幸,

这是因为这种食肉动物又找到了另一种猎物一物种B,且与物种A竞争。由于物

种B的数量不再受到食肉动物的控制,它甚至可能排挤物种A,使它在当地灭绝。

经济生态系统同样面临着区别敌友的问题。噩耗不止于此,皮姆说:“当

所有事务直接或间接与其外部事物相关联时,局部的变动会蔓延到全局,有时一

个物种自身没有任何问题,会完全因为外部原因而灭亡。”

第31题:

Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalueinlongertermbecause

A.it'shardtodistinguishtherelationshipbetweenbusinessesin

modernsociety.

B.old-stylecompetitionremainstobethenumber-oneroutetosuccess.

C.thebusinessstylesarecompletelydifferentfromecosystems.

D.competitioninmodernsocietyisbasedonthestrengthofscience

andtechnology.

13

参考答案:A

答案解析:

因为“Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunitiesandadapt

tochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimesbe

cooperators,sometimescompetitorsandsometimesbothatonce”,也就

是说在现代经济中已经很难分清敌友了,所以"Darwiniancompetitionisof

limitedvalueinlongerterm.”

第32题:

ThesuccessofDOSsuggests

A・it'simportanttoestablishcommittedusers.

B.”clones”byotherbusinessesshouldbeencouraged.

C.viewsabouteconomicsshouldkeepabreastwiththechanging

situations.

D.qualityisthemostimportantforachievingsuccess.

参考答案:C

答案解析:

“Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochangetheir

businessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics."DOS的

成功说明观点应适应日益变化的形式。

第33题:

Thephrase"makeakilling”(Line7,Para.2)mostprobablymeans

A.”makealotofmoney”.

B.suffersgreatloss”.

C."makedo”.

D.”getfurtherahead”.

参考答案:A

答案解析:

从上下文很容易猜测出其含义。

第34题:

Thelastsentenceisintendedtoshow

A.thehopelessnessofspecies.

B.thepotentialdangershiddeninbusinessecosystems.

C.thecloseinterrelationshipbetween“species”inbusiness

ecosystems.

D.howbadthenewsisforbosses

参考答案:C

答案解析:

最后一段旨在说明在商业行为中同样存在分清敌友的问题。“Sometimesspecies

14

maygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown”说明species之间直接或间

接的关系非常密切,虽然本身状况良好却可能由于其它物种的情况变化而使自己

趋于灭绝。

第35题:

Accordingtotheauthor,therelationshipofbusinessesinmodernsociety

A.issimilartothatheldbytraditionalists.

B.isgettingmuchmorecomplex.

C.isthesamewiththatofanimals.

D.isnotmentionedinthetext.

参考答案:B

答案解析:

从第一段看,公司之间的关系有时是合作伙伴,有时是竞争对手,有时二者兼而

有之;从最后一段及倒数第二段看,在现代社会“很难分清敌友”,所有这些都

说明,businesses之间的关系变得越来越错综复杂。

Thechieffunctionsoftheheartaretosendbloodtothelungs,so

thattheycanreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair,andthentopumpthis

oxygenateduponthisreceivingaconstantsupplyofoxygenatedblood.This

isparticulartruefortheheartitselfwhichcontracts10,000timesa

day,andrequiresaverylargeamountofoxygenforconversionintothe

energynecessarytoproduceregularandefficientcontractions.Theheart

muscle,ormyocardium,receivesitsoxygenatedbloodfromthemainartery,

oraorta,whichleadsoutoftheheart.Thefirstarteriesthatarefed

bytheaortaarethetwocoronaryarteries,socalledbecausetheycircle

likeacrown一theupperpartoftheheart.

Itisobviousthatanydecreaseinthisbloodsupplymightimpair

thefunctionsoftheheart.

Inadequatebloodsupplytothemyocardiumresultseitherfrom

adecreaseinthebloodflowthroughthecoronaryarteries,orfroman

increaseinthedemandsoftheheartmusclewithoutanycorresponding

increaseincoronarybloodflow.Ofthese,decreasedflowisthemore

common,anditisduetostructuralchangesinthewallsofthecoronary

arteries.Lossofelasticity,increasedrigidity,fatty,fibrous,and

evenbonychangesoccurpatchilyalongtheinnercoatsofthecoronary

arteries,andareknownasatherosclerosis.

Seriousdiseaseofthecoronaryarteriescanleadtotheir

obstructioneithergraduallyorsuddenly.Whentheobstructionisgradual,

itwillcausesomeisolatedmusclefirestodieanddepriveoftheirsource

ofenergy.Thechangemaybesogradualthatitneverleadstoanysymptoms,

orontheotherhand,itmayresultinthepainofanginapectoris(心

绞痛).Suddenobstructionofoneofthecoronaryarteriescutoffallthe

flowofbloodtoareaoftheheartmusclebeyondtheobstructionand

15

usuallyresultsinthesevere,prolonged,andintensepainofaheart

attack,andwhenitoccursatacriticalsite,theresultmaybe

disastrous.

Coronaryatherosclerosisisnotanewdisease.Ithasbeenfound

inthemummifiedbodiesofmenwholived5,000years.Moreover,thereis

evidencetosuggestthatitmaynotbeincreasing.Yettherehas,in

contrast,beenanalarmingincreaseinanginaandincoronaryheart

attacksduringthelastfortyyears.Thereisnodoubtthattofindan

explanationofthisbigincreaseisoneofthemostpressingproblemsfor

medicalresearchtoday.

Oneoftheearliestchangesinthedevelopmentof

atherosclerosisistheappearanceintheinnercoatsofthearteryofa

fat,calledcholesterol;andasthearteryisprogressivelydestroy,a

largeamountofcholesterolaccumulates.FiftyyearsagoRussianresearch,

workersshowedthatcholesterolfedtorabbitsproducedchangesvery

similartohumancoronaryatherosclerosis.Thereissufficientevidence

tosuggestthattherichnessofourWesterndietmaybeoneofthe

contributorycausesofcoronaryheartattacks,butitisfarfromclear

whetherthisisduetoanexcessofcalories,thehighproteincontent,

thehighfatcontent,oreventocertaininourdiet.Atpresent,itis

notpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthereisacausal

relationshipbetweentheamountoffatorthetypeoffatweeatandthe

incidenceofheartattacks.

a

第36题:

Whatisthechieffunctionoftheheart?

A.Makingbloodreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair.

B.Pumpingoxygenatedbloodalloverthebody.

C.Sendingbloodtothelungs.

D.Makingtheactivityofeverytissueinbodyworkinorder.

参考答案:c

答案解析:

文章大意:文章主要介绍了冠心病的形成和危害,以及饮食等对冠心病的影响。

[C]文章第一段叙述了关于心脏功能的内容。将血液压入肺部是心脏最主要的

功能,其他各项是血液进入肺部之后的一系列过程。

第37题:

Thefactorsthatcancauseatherosclerosisexcept

A.thedecreaseinsupplytoheart

B.lossofelasticity

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