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[模拟]考研英语模拟263
多项选择
Thequalitiesrequiredofaherovarywiththetime,andsomegreat
figuresofacertainperiodwouldsurprisethepeopleofanother
generation.Considerthe_1_ofloveandgriefthatfollowedthedeath
ofJohnLennoninDecember1980.Fewdeathshavecausedsuchdeep
sorrow,suchmourning,in_2_manycountriesthroughthehistoryofthe
world._3_isnodoubtthatLennonwasaheroforhismourners.Why?What
hadhedone_4_wassoremarkable?”Johnwasnotjustamusician,“
saysoneofhisadmirers.Hehadknown_5_toexpressmygeneration,s
feelingsinthelate1960s.Hewasourvoiceandour_6_;hechangedwith
usovertheyears,alwaysalittle_7_ofus;heopenednew_8_forus
andencouragedusto_9_farther,todare.Toushetalkedofloveand
peace;hewasabigbrotherweneedina_10_time.uSomeofLennon,s
admirersmayhavebeenawarethathewasnot_11Buttheychoseto_12_
hisdarksidetoremaingratefulforthe_13_contributionhehadmade
intheirlives.Therearesurelymanypeoplewhodon,tconsiderLennona
hero,whoinfacthaveavery_14_opinionofhim.Butitisnot_15_
forone,sherotobeanotherperson,s_16_.Thinkofallthe
leaders,revolutionaries,andconquerorswhoaredeeplyrespectedbyone
nation,onereligiousgroup,oronegeneration,and_17_orhatedby
others.
Modernbiographersrespectthefacts,asindeedthey_18_.But
wepayapricefortheir_19_,forintheireffortstoshow“thewhole
person”,theytellusmoreaboutwereallyneedtoknowabouttheirprivate
lives,familysecret,andhumanweakness.Thetruegreatnessofafine
personisoftenforgotteninthe_20—.
第1题:
A.boom
B.explosion
C.outbreak
D.burst
参考答案:B
答案解析:
explosion1)(大规模的、迅猛的)扩张,激增,如apopulationexplosion2)(感
情、笑声等)爆发,迸发。anexplosionofrage大发雷霆。boom景气,兴旺。
1
outbreak用于事件。burstl)突然破裂,爆炸2)突发,一阵迸发(一般指活动)。
第2题:
A.so
B.such
C.much
D.too
参考答案:A
答案解析:
S0o联系上文的"suchdeepsorrow,suchmourning""那样多的",不用"such
D项逻辑不通,因为,作者不是嫌太多。比较:suchbadpeople这样的坏
人。such在这种情况下,并不修饰后面的形容词,而是修饰后面的整个短语。
这点与so不同。
第3题:
A.It
B.This
C.That
D.There
参考答案:D
答案解析:
There。其他各项不合语法。
第4题:
A.that
B.but
C.and
D.as
参考答案:A
答案解析:
thato这是个定语从句。比较:WhathaveIdonethatmakesyousoangry?
我做了什么让你那么生气?
第5题:
A.what
B.how
C.where
D.why
参考答案:B
答案解析:
2
howowhat不合逻辑,因为,express己有宾语。where,why不合语意,因为,
这里是强调Lennon的歌正是人们心中的歌。
第6题:
A.guide
B.spirit
C.soul
D.model
参考答案:A
答案解析:
guide向导,从意思上讲。guide最贴切,强调“向导”之意。soul,spirit—
般指运动、组织的中心人物。
第7题:
A.progressive
B.advanced
C.ahead
D.superior
参考答案:C
答案解析:
aheado习惯搭配。aheadof在…前面。这里指定在人们的前面,从而证明第26
个空格更应填A.
第8题:
A.perspectives
B.prospects
C.horizons
D.spectacles
参考答案:C
答案解析:
horizons(喻)眼界,见识。opennewhorizons开辟了新视野。perspective,
prospect远景,前景,用来指事物发展的前景,而horizon指能看到新的东西
的领域。原文是说,让我们看到了新东西。
第9题:
A.venture
B.risk
C.exploit
D.attempt
参考答案:A
3
答案解析:
venture鼓起勇气前进。risk不具备这一意思。todare敢于行动。
第10题:
A.annoyed
B.depressed
C.dismayed
D.troubled
参考答案:D
答案解析:
troubled动荡不安。其余各项多用来修饰人。annoyed恼怒的。depressed闷闷
不乐的。dismayed惊愕的。
第11题:
A.ideal
B.superb
C.perfect
D.supreme
参考答案:C
答案解析:
perfectosuperb壮丽的,华丽的;超等的,极好的。supreme至高无上的。
第12题:
A.ignore
B.neglect
C.forget
D.obscure
参考答案:A
答案解析:
ignoreoneglect侧重于无意的忽视。obscurevt.使暗,遮掩。本句是说,对
于Lennon的缺点,人们采取了淡化态度,尽管知道,但不予以追究。
第13题:
A.positive
B.indispensable
C.essential
D.incredible
参考答案:A
答案解析:
positiveoB、C项一般不用在contribution之前。incredible令人难以置信的。
4
indispensable不可缺少的。
第14题:
A.opposite
B.adversary
C.debased
D.low
参考答案:D
答案解析:
lowoadversary对手,敌手。debased降低了的,贬低了的。opposite不用在
这种结构中。一般我们只说havealow(high)opinionof-**
第15题:
A.unusual
B.common
C.incredulous
D.unbelievable
参考答案:A
答案解析:
unusualoincredulous不轻信的。
第16题:
A.villain
B.evil
C.demon
D.devil
参考答案:A
答案解析:
villaino坏人。其他各项过重。
第17题:
A.despised
B.prejudiced
C.prosecuted
D.biased
参考答案:A
答案解析:
despisedoprosecutevt.对・..起诉,检举,告发。bias使有偏见。
第18题:
5
A.would
B.should
C.will
D.shall
参考答案:B
答案解析:
should应该。上文讲的都是理所当然的事,因而应该予以尊重。
第19题:
A.truthfulness
B.sincere
C.loyalty
D.frank
参考答案:A
答案解析:
truthfulness说真话,诚实。loyalty忠诚。
第20题:
A.display
B.demonstration
C.exhibition
D.show
参考答案:A
答案解析:
display展示。demonstration。说明。证明。exhibition表现。show表演。display
侧重于明显的令人难堪的展示,或强调一种炫耀性。这里指尽情暴露别人的方方
面面。
多项选择
Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant
varietiesdevelopedthroughmoderntechnologies,includinggenetic
transformation.Someofthenewvarietiesincludeplantsproducingan
insect-toxicproteinandplantsresistanttoapopularherbicide.
Benefitsderivedfromthesevarietiesincludereducedtillage,thus
savingtopsoil,andreduceduseofharshherbicidesandchemical
insecticidesthatcancontaminatesoilandwater.
ThecommercialuseofgeneticallymodifiedcropsintheUnited
Statessince1993hastakenplaceaftercomprehensivescientificreviews
andapprovalbyregulatoryprocessesintheUSDepartmentofAgriculture
andEnvironmenta
6
[听力原文]
参考译文
近年来,美国农业采用了通过包括转基因技术在内的现代技术发展起来的
作物新品种。一些新品种可以产生杭昆虫的毒性蛋白,另一些则能抵杭一种通用
的除草剂。这些新品种的益处在于可以减少耕作进而保护表层土壤,还可以减少
难闻的污染水和土壤的除草剂和杀虫剂的使用。
在美国,自1993年来,经过全面科学检测、并通过了美国农业及环境保
护局管理程序的许可后,转基因作物开始在美国进行商业化推广。对源自转基因
作物的食品和饲料,如食用油、含蛋白质类食物及全粮的使用必须经过食品及药
品管理会的批准,在法规检查之中,动植物科学家以及医学科学会的许多成员参
加了对转基因技术及相关产品安全性研究及成果的讨论。结果,1999年,美国
40%以上的玉米、50%以上的棉花和45%以上的大豆将进行转基因改良,这将
使化学杀虫剂的使用减少数百万磅。
过去的一年中,大众媒体中出现越来越多的社论和文章一最初在欧洲,最
近在美国一以夸张的语言描述了使用转基因技术作物品种和食品的“危害及不可
预知的后果。在一些欧洲国家,这种歇斯底里的蛊惑几乎动摇了公众对所有食品
的信心。显然,美国的监测和批准系统没能说服欧洲民众。尽管许多相关现代农
作物改良技术都是美欧共同开发的,但两个大陆的民众对转基因技术产品的反应
却极为不同。在欧洲I,许多因素,比如对疯牛病的担忧、缺乏有效而透明的法规
监管系统、政府和大机构的不信任等,都助长了这种反应。20世纪90年代初期,
欧洲公众对转基因实地试验的反应未能使政府加入到这场讨论中,相比之下,美
国在1986年到1987年进行了最初的实地实验后就在科学家、管理者、农场主以
及环境保护主义者间展开了公开的讨论,所有问题和资料都被公开,以实验的形
式解决疑虑,从而做出了适当的决定。
第21题:
Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant
varietiesto
A.increaseproduction.
B.improvethetasteandnutrientoffarmproduce.
C.reducetheuseofchemicalpesticides.
D.demonstratethewondersworkedbymoderntechnology.
参考答案:C
答案解析:
“Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant
varieties...n;“reducedharshherbicidesandchemicalinsecticides...”
黑体部分提示了答案。
第22题:
7
Thesecondparagraphsuggests
A.it'sbynomeanseasyforthepublictoacceptthegenetically
modifiedcrops.
B.theapplicationofgeneticallymodifiedcropsentailsscientific
reviews,approvalbygovernmentagencies,discussionsbyscientistsand
communicationswiththepublic.
C.thesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedcropshasnotyetbeenproved.
D.theuseofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,thoughmoney-saving,remains
controversialintheUS.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
文章第一句提示了答案。
第23题:
TogetthegeneticallymodifiedcropsacceptedinEurope,scientists
should
A.askgovernmentalagenciesforhelp.
B.publicizethebenefitsofthem.
C.winthetrustofgovernmentonthefirstplace.
D.engageindialoguewiththepublicratherthanretreatfromit.
参考答案:D
答案解析:
“InEurope,factorssuchasconcernovermadcowdisease.Lackof
effectiveandtransparentregulatoryoversightandthemistrustof
governmentandlargeorganizationsappeartopromotethecurrentfuror.”
“ThepublicresponsetofieldtestsinEuropeduringtheearly1990s
failedtodrawgovernmentalagenciesintothediscussion.”这两句说明
公众对转基因食物有忧虑、对政府有误解,需要做沟通工作。
第24题:
Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe
A.”FacingFearofBiotechnology”.
B.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:YesorNo”.
C.”NewPlantVarieties:FruitofModernTechnology.
D.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:WhoCares”.
参考答案:A
答案解析:
文章主要谈及了人们对转基因食物这种生物科技产品的忧虑和担心,提出人类应
该如何面对这种新科技产品的现实问题,因此[A]为合适的题目。
第25题:
8
Thelastparagraphismainlyabout
A.foodsafety.
B.thedangersandunknowneffectsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.
C.Americabeingcriticizedforintroducingnewcropvarieties.
D.Americans'andEuropeans'differentresponsetonewcropvarieties.
参考答案:D
答案解析:
从“Althoughmanyoftherelevanttechnologiesusedinmoderncrop
improvementwereco-developedintheUnitedStatesandEurope,the
responseofthepublictoresultingproductsonthetwocontinentshas
beenverydifferent.”可得知答案。
Legitimacyhaslongbeenconsideredessentialtoanorganization,s
continuedexistence.Thoughintangible,likeabrand,itamountstoade
factolicensetooperateconferredonafirmbythoseitcomesintocontact
with.Legitimacyisearnedwhenthereissatisfactionabouthowcompanies
aregovernedintermsofinclusivity,transparencyandaccountability.
Itisnotastaticresource,butisbuiltorerodedovertime.
Iraqpresentsfirmswithuniquelegitimacychallenges,not
leastintermsofidentifyingthosewhocanconferitinacountrywhere
civilsocietyhasbeenrepressedfordecades.Thecoststobusinessof
theongoingconflictarebothindirect一thebreakdowningovernance,
trustandtolerance,andtheunderminingofenvironmentalandeconomic
capitalanddirect一thehighercostofsecurityandotherformsofrisk
management,lostmaterials,capital,personnel,litigation,opportunity
costs,andthedamagetoreputation.InMay2000,theEconomistdescribed
theriskscompaniesfaceinconflictzones:"pipelinescanbeblownup
bycrookedpartners.Fragileeconomiescancollapse.Andinrecentyears,
firmsdoingbusinessincountieswithunpleasantgovernmentshavebeen
pilloriedbynon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs),endangeringthemost
pricelessofassets,theirgoodname."Anunstableenvironmentisalso
adisincentiveforthesubstantialinvestmentrequiredoverlongperiods
byoilcompanies,andmanygavepostponedadecisionoverIraqpending
theestablishmentofalegitimateregime.SirPhilipWatts,chairmanof
RoyalDutch/Shell,exemplifiedthisstanceinJuly:"Thesafetyofour
peopleisparamount.Therehastobepropersecurity,legitimateauthority
andalegitimateprocess一bywhichwewillbeabletonegotiate
agreementthatwouldbelong-standingfordecades.Wewouldn,tgointo
thatsituationunlesstheseconditionsweresatisfiedbecausewearea
long-termprojectsandweneedtheframeworkinwhichwecanmakethis
sortofinvestmentdecision.”
Thechallengesaresufficienttoensurethatonlythose
companiespreparedtotakealong-termviewshouldventurein,andsuch
9
aventurewhichwillbeuniquelyexposedshouldinstabilityendure.
Stabilitywillnotcomewhiletheregimeisregardedas
illegitimate.ThatillegitimacyisreflectedonbusinessesenteringIraq
undergovernmentsponsorshipandonthosethatpayinsufficientregard
totheirlocalpartners.Businesscanbegintobreakthecycleandearn
itsownlegitimacybyattendingtoitsinternalsadministration,ensuring
itisinclusive,transparentandaccountabletoIraqis.Inthisway,
companiescanalsohelptoconferlegitimacyontheinterimauthority,
creatingavirtuouscirclebuildingtowardsthestabilitythatfirmsneed
tooperateprofitablyforthelongterm.Conversely,businessesthatfail
toengageadequatelywillmerelyunderminefurthertheIraqissenseof
involvementintheirownfutureandsocontributetothedownwardspiral
ofinstability.
第26题:
Inthefirstparagraph,legitimacyisanasset.
A.gainedsmoothlyandswiftlywhiletradingwithotherfirms
B.likeacredentialfortransactionbusiness
C.toretainacompany,sinclusivity,transparency,andaccountability
D.awardedbygovernmentorpartnerswhentheyaresatisfied
参考答案:B
答案解析:
文章大意:这是一篇经济类文章,讲述了合法性企业发展的问题。通过介绍Iraq
当前政权不合法、环境因素险恶等不利条件,说明在伊境内创办企业的重大风险。
[B]B项是“itamountstoadefactolicensetooperateconferredona
firmbythoseitcomesintocontactwith”的另一种说法。
第27题:
Howdoyouunderstandthefirstsentenceinsecondparagraph?
A.CompaniesinIraqunderdictatorialregimelacklegitimacy
B.CompaniesinIraqfacemoresecurityproblemssinceitisa
conflictingzone
C.Theunstableenvironmentdetersinvestment
D.Stemgovernancerepressedcivilsocietythatindirectlyharmed
commercialdevelopment
参考答案:A
答案解析:
[A]见难句解析。
io
第28题:
AccordingtoEconomist,sdescriptioninMay2000,companiesinconflict
zonesfacedfollowingrisksEXCEPT.
A.incredibilityofcooperators
B.dangeroflosingitsgoodname
C.thepresentpoliticalclimateinIraq
D.uncertaintyofeconomy
参考答案:C
答案解析:
[C]C中关于伊拉克当前的政治状况不在经济学家的分析中,其他项的“合作
伙伴可信度低;名誉丧失的危险;经济不确定性”都有原文依据。
第29题:
WhatSirPhilipWattssaidimpliesthat.
A.SirPhilipWattswillbynomeansinvestorlaunchbusinessinIraq
B.presentlyonlythosecompanieswhoplantotakeshort-termbusiness
daretosetuptheirbusinessinIraq
C.legitimateauthorityisthekeypointamongallriskyfactorsnow
inIraq
D.mostlocalfirmsinIraqareillegitimateanduntrustworthy
参考答案:C
答案解析:
[C]legitimateauthority在Watts的整段话中被重点强调。另外,Watts的
言论背景在文中也有介绍,amanyhavepostponeda...establishmentofa
legitimateregime。
第30题:
Fromthelastparagraph,wecanconclude.
A.businessenteringIraqcanexpandprosperouslywiththeguidance
ofgovernment
B.temporarygovernmentinIraqcanneverbetrusted
C.thereisstillcertainleewayforbusinesstoestablishlegitimacy
inIraq
D.withoutstabilityforeignbusinesscansurviveprofitablyforlong
timeinIraq
参考答案:c
答案解析:
[C]最后一段介绍了企业在伊拉克目前情况下如何求取生存,获得一定的合法
性,正是C项的意思。A,B,D均为错误项。
Text1
11
Formanytraditionalistsinbusinessandeconomics,thedeath
ofold-stylecompetitionasthenumber-oneroutetosuccesswillbehard
toswallow.Butinthenewview,Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalue
inlongerterm.Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunities
andadapttochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimes
becooperators,sometimescompetitors,andsometimesbothatonce.
Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochange
theirbusinessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics.In
placeofclassictheoryofdiminishingreturnsasresourcesandmarkets
areexploited,economistArthurseeswhathecallsincreasingreturns.
uIncreasingreturnsarethetendencyforwhatisaheadtogetfarther
ahead,“hesays."Ifaproductoracompanyoratechnology■—oneofmany
competinginamarket-getsaheadbychanceorcleverstrategy,increasing
returnscanmagnifythis,andtheproductorcompanyortechnologycan
goontolockinthemarket."Asaresult,acompanycanmakeakilling
fromaproductthatisnotasgoodasitscompetitors'.
AccordingtoArthur,oneofthebestexamplesofincreasing
returnsisDOS,theMicrosoftdiscoperatingsystemforpersonalcomputers.
Althoughwidelyseenasinferior,itneverthelesscametodominatethe
market.
Withinthepersonalcomputerecosystems,IBM(usingDOS)and
Appleestablishedseparatenetworksofcommittedusersandsoftware
supplierswritingtoDOSorMacintoshstandards.Crucially,IBMdidnot
stopotherfirmsbuilding"clones”ofitsPC.ThenumberofPCsmushroomed,
allofthemsupportedbyDOS.Asaresult,DOSbecamethe800-poundgorilla
inthemarketplace.
Ifbusinesssystemsandecosystemshavesomethingfundamental
incommon,thereisdisconcertingnewsforbosses."Thefirstruleof
complexsystemsisthatitisalmostimpossibletopredictwhoisafriend
andwhoisanenemy,“saysPimm.Hedescribesfieldexperimentsinwhich
apredatorisremovedfromacommunity.Youmightexpectitsprey,species
A,tothrive.ButabouthalfthetimespeciesAsuffersbecausethe
predatorhasanotherprey,speciesB,competingwithspeciesA.Withthe
populationofspeciesBnolongerkeptincheckbypredator,itmayeven
pushspeciesAtolocalextinction.
Businessecosystemsfacethesameproblemofdecidingwhois
afriendandwhoisanenemy.Andthebadnewsdoesn,tstophere."When
everythingisconnecteddirectlyorindirectlytoeverythingelse,
changesinonepartofthesystemmaybepropagatedthroughout,“saysPimm.
uSometimesspeciesmaygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown.”
(447words)
1.inplaceof…代替
2.makeakilling[vt.]赚大钱
3.mushroom[v.]迅速扩散或增加
12
4.prey[n.]被掠食者,被剥削者[同义]ravage,depredation
5.predator[n.]奴役他人者
[听力原文]
参考译文
对传统商界、经济界人士而言,把旧式竞争方式的死亡看作是通向成功的
首选路线,这是让人难以接受的。但是,新的观点认为,从长远的观点来看,达
尔文式的竞争价值有限。更重要的挑战是能够在置身于复杂的同伴网络中一有时
是合作者,有时是竞争者,有时是两者兼而有之一还能够创造机会并适应变化。
正如经济网络的观念正在迫使公司改变经营策略一样,它同时也正在改变
对经济的看法。传统理论认为,随着资源和市场的开发,利润就会随之降低。然
而,经济学家Arthur的观点却恰巧相反,他认为利润在增加。他说:“不断增
加的利润就是对未来趋势的展望和不断前进。如果一个产品、一个公司或一项技
术(有许多在市场上竞争)偶然或凭计谋领先,渐增的利润能使它们扩大,产品或
公司或技术可以进而固定它在市场占有的地位。”结果公司就能从一种竞争力不
强的产品中获取暴利。
Arthur称,渐增的利润的最好的例证就是DOS一微软的个人电脑磁盘操作
系统。虽然人们普遍认为它不及美国的同类产品,但它却垄断了市场。
在个人计算机生态系统中,IBM(使用DOS)和APPLE公司分别建立了自己
的用户网和根据DOS或Macintosh标准编写程序的软件供应商。关键是IBM没有
制止其他公司对它的个人机进行“克隆”。个人机的数量剧增,而他们全是DOS
系统支持的,就这样DOS系统成为市场上的抢手货。
如果经济系统和生态系统有基本共同点的话,那将是老板们的噩耗。皮姆
说:“复杂系统的第一个规则是,几乎不可能预言谁是敌谁是友”。他描述了这
样一个野外试验:当一种食肉动物被驱逐出某一生物群落(community)后,你也
许会期望它的被捕食者A会快速繁衍,然而有接近一半时间,物种A遭受不幸,
这是因为这种食肉动物又找到了另一种猎物一物种B,且与物种A竞争。由于物
种B的数量不再受到食肉动物的控制,它甚至可能排挤物种A,使它在当地灭绝。
经济生态系统同样面临着区别敌友的问题。噩耗不止于此,皮姆说:“当
所有事务直接或间接与其外部事物相关联时,局部的变动会蔓延到全局,有时一
个物种自身没有任何问题,会完全因为外部原因而灭亡。”
第31题:
Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalueinlongertermbecause
A.it'shardtodistinguishtherelationshipbetweenbusinessesin
modernsociety.
B.old-stylecompetitionremainstobethenumber-oneroutetosuccess.
C.thebusinessstylesarecompletelydifferentfromecosystems.
D.competitioninmodernsocietyisbasedonthestrengthofscience
andtechnology.
13
参考答案:A
答案解析:
因为“Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunitiesandadapt
tochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimesbe
cooperators,sometimescompetitorsandsometimesbothatonce”,也就
是说在现代经济中已经很难分清敌友了,所以"Darwiniancompetitionisof
limitedvalueinlongerterm.”
第32题:
ThesuccessofDOSsuggests
A・it'simportanttoestablishcommittedusers.
B.”clones”byotherbusinessesshouldbeencouraged.
C.viewsabouteconomicsshouldkeepabreastwiththechanging
situations.
D.qualityisthemostimportantforachievingsuccess.
参考答案:C
答案解析:
“Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochangetheir
businessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics."DOS的
成功说明观点应适应日益变化的形式。
第33题:
Thephrase"makeakilling”(Line7,Para.2)mostprobablymeans
A.”makealotofmoney”.
B.suffersgreatloss”.
C."makedo”.
D.”getfurtherahead”.
参考答案:A
答案解析:
从上下文很容易猜测出其含义。
第34题:
Thelastsentenceisintendedtoshow
A.thehopelessnessofspecies.
B.thepotentialdangershiddeninbusinessecosystems.
C.thecloseinterrelationshipbetween“species”inbusiness
ecosystems.
D.howbadthenewsisforbosses
参考答案:C
答案解析:
最后一段旨在说明在商业行为中同样存在分清敌友的问题。“Sometimesspecies
14
maygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown”说明species之间直接或间
接的关系非常密切,虽然本身状况良好却可能由于其它物种的情况变化而使自己
趋于灭绝。
第35题:
Accordingtotheauthor,therelationshipofbusinessesinmodernsociety
A.issimilartothatheldbytraditionalists.
B.isgettingmuchmorecomplex.
C.isthesamewiththatofanimals.
D.isnotmentionedinthetext.
参考答案:B
答案解析:
从第一段看,公司之间的关系有时是合作伙伴,有时是竞争对手,有时二者兼而
有之;从最后一段及倒数第二段看,在现代社会“很难分清敌友”,所有这些都
说明,businesses之间的关系变得越来越错综复杂。
Thechieffunctionsoftheheartaretosendbloodtothelungs,so
thattheycanreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair,andthentopumpthis
oxygenateduponthisreceivingaconstantsupplyofoxygenatedblood.This
isparticulartruefortheheartitselfwhichcontracts10,000timesa
day,andrequiresaverylargeamountofoxygenforconversionintothe
energynecessarytoproduceregularandefficientcontractions.Theheart
muscle,ormyocardium,receivesitsoxygenatedbloodfromthemainartery,
oraorta,whichleadsoutoftheheart.Thefirstarteriesthatarefed
bytheaortaarethetwocoronaryarteries,socalledbecausetheycircle
likeacrown一theupperpartoftheheart.
Itisobviousthatanydecreaseinthisbloodsupplymightimpair
thefunctionsoftheheart.
Inadequatebloodsupplytothemyocardiumresultseitherfrom
adecreaseinthebloodflowthroughthecoronaryarteries,orfroman
increaseinthedemandsoftheheartmusclewithoutanycorresponding
increaseincoronarybloodflow.Ofthese,decreasedflowisthemore
common,anditisduetostructuralchangesinthewallsofthecoronary
arteries.Lossofelasticity,increasedrigidity,fatty,fibrous,and
evenbonychangesoccurpatchilyalongtheinnercoatsofthecoronary
arteries,andareknownasatherosclerosis.
Seriousdiseaseofthecoronaryarteriescanleadtotheir
obstructioneithergraduallyorsuddenly.Whentheobstructionisgradual,
itwillcausesomeisolatedmusclefirestodieanddepriveoftheirsource
ofenergy.Thechangemaybesogradualthatitneverleadstoanysymptoms,
orontheotherhand,itmayresultinthepainofanginapectoris(心
绞痛).Suddenobstructionofoneofthecoronaryarteriescutoffallthe
flowofbloodtoareaoftheheartmusclebeyondtheobstructionand
15
usuallyresultsinthesevere,prolonged,andintensepainofaheart
attack,andwhenitoccursatacriticalsite,theresultmaybe
disastrous.
Coronaryatherosclerosisisnotanewdisease.Ithasbeenfound
inthemummifiedbodiesofmenwholived5,000years.Moreover,thereis
evidencetosuggestthatitmaynotbeincreasing.Yettherehas,in
contrast,beenanalarmingincreaseinanginaandincoronaryheart
attacksduringthelastfortyyears.Thereisnodoubtthattofindan
explanationofthisbigincreaseisoneofthemostpressingproblemsfor
medicalresearchtoday.
Oneoftheearliestchangesinthedevelopmentof
atherosclerosisistheappearanceintheinnercoatsofthearteryofa
fat,calledcholesterol;andasthearteryisprogressivelydestroy,a
largeamountofcholesterolaccumulates.FiftyyearsagoRussianresearch,
workersshowedthatcholesterolfedtorabbitsproducedchangesvery
similartohumancoronaryatherosclerosis.Thereissufficientevidence
tosuggestthattherichnessofourWesterndietmaybeoneofthe
contributorycausesofcoronaryheartattacks,butitisfarfromclear
whetherthisisduetoanexcessofcalories,thehighproteincontent,
thehighfatcontent,oreventocertaininourdiet.Atpresent,itis
notpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthereisacausal
relationshipbetweentheamountoffatorthetypeoffatweeatandthe
incidenceofheartattacks.
a
第36题:
Whatisthechieffunctionoftheheart?
A.Makingbloodreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair.
B.Pumpingoxygenatedbloodalloverthebody.
C.Sendingbloodtothelungs.
D.Makingtheactivityofeverytissueinbodyworkinorder.
参考答案:c
答案解析:
文章大意:文章主要介绍了冠心病的形成和危害,以及饮食等对冠心病的影响。
[C]文章第一段叙述了关于心脏功能的内容。将血液压入肺部是心脏最主要的
功能,其他各项是血液进入肺部之后的一系列过程。
第37题:
Thefactorsthatcancauseatherosclerosisexcept
A.thedecreaseinsupplytoheart
B.lossofelasticity
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