新教材高中英语UNIT5Revealingnature高考练含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGEPAGE4UNIT5Revealingnature五年高考练阅读理解(2019北京,D,)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”词汇积累1.phenomenonn.现象;杰出的人2.reflectv.反映,映出(影像);反射(声、光、热等);显示3.varyfrom...to...(根据情况)从……到……变化4.fuelv.增加;加强;刺激5.giveoff释放,放出,发出(热量、气味等)6.processn.(为达到某一目标的)过程;进程7.characteristicn.特征;特点;品质8.unnoticeableadj.不引人注意的;不易被人看到的;不明显的9.statisticallyadv.统计地;统计上地1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.五年高考练◎语篇解读本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与环境。气候变暖导致了海洋浮游植物的变化,进而影响到海洋颜色的变化。文章侧重于引导学生关注自然生态,增强环境保护的意识。1.B主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因,第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述,前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因,故选B项。2.A词义猜测题。根据下文气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点,影响了浮游植物的生长,结合关键词changes和affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的,故选A项(敏感的)。B:有益的;C:重大的;D:不被注意的。3.D推理判断题。根据第四段中Butinsomewaters...awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.可知,在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方,海洋的颜色会变得更绿,故选D项(有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更绿)。4.C推理判断题。根据全文,尤其是中心段落第一段中theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate可知,文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响,故选C项。A项(评估海洋颜色变化产生的后果)、B项(分析海洋食物链的构成)和D项(介绍一种研究浮游植物的新方法)均不符合文章目的,故排除。长难句分析原句Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburyca