高考总复习英语（北师大版）Unit16Stories（选修六）

/15/15/Unit16Stories人生感悟如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation)，按要求用英语写一篇短文。“Successistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnolossofenthusiasm.”—SirWinston，Churchill内容要求：1．你对该引语的理解；2.你的相关经历；3.恰当的结尾。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.Rathershouldkeeptryingwithenthusiasm.Successconsistsintheabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.Attheageoftwelve，Igotanicebikeasabirthdaygift.①SoexcitedwasIthatIcouldn’twaittotrymyhandatridingit.However，itwasharderthanexpected.Thebikeseemedtooheavyanddifficulttocontrol.Worsestill，Itookmanyfallsoffthebike.Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyfathercameandencouragedmetokeepgoing.Withmorepractice，Ididbetterandbetter.②Lookingback，IfeelIwouldn’tbeabletorideabikehadIlostheart.Actually，wecan’tsucceedineverythingwetry.What’simportantisthatweshouldstickatit.根据①句临摹临摹1：他工作如此努力，以至于提前一年获得了博士学位。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________heobtainedhisdoctor’sdegreeaheadofschedule.根据②句临摹临摹2：梦想着给自己买一台电脑，他打算今年暑假打工。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，heplanstohaveaworkingsummerholidaythisyear.答案：1.Soharddidheworkthat2．DreamingofbuyinghimselfacomputerⅠ.核心单词识记(一)写作单词识记1．abandon(vt.)放弃，遗弃2．preserve(vt.)保护，保存3．witness(v.)目击，为……作证(n.)目击者，见证人4．occur(vi.)发生5．gather(vi.&vt.)聚集6．sympathy(n.)同情7．burst(vi.)爆炸；冲，闯8．eager(adj.)渴望的，热衷的9．expand(v.)扩大，扩充10．apparent(adj.)明显的，显而易见的11．uncertain(adj.)不确定的(二)阅读单词识记1．fantasyn．想像(幻想)物2．tremblevi.颤抖，发抖3．lossn．遗失，丢失4．characteristicadj.典型的5．sorrown．悲伤，难过6．specificadj.详细的，特定的7．abnormaladj.反常的，不正常的8．sufferingn．痛苦，困难9．preciousadj.宝贵的，珍贵的10．complexadj.复杂的11．breakthroughn．突破，重大发现12．applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌(三)核心单词拓展1．particularly(adv.)特别地；特定地→particular(adj.)特别的，特定的，特有的2．significance(n.)重要性；意义→significant(adj.)重大的，有意义的3．origin(n.)起源，开端；出身→original(adj.)最初的，起源的4．restriction(n.)限制，约束→restrict(vt.)限制，约束5．unbearable(adj.)不能忍受的→bearable(adj.)可忍受的→bear(v.)忍受6．criteria(n.)(评判的)标准(复数)→criterion(n.)(评判的)标准(单数)Ⅱ.核心短语背诵1．onceuponatime 从前2．blockout 堵住3．comeinto 进入；得到4．knocksb.over 撞倒某人5．inaway 从某种程度上说6．onone’sside 侧身7．splitup (使)解决；决裂8．referto 谈到，提及9．holdup 支撑起10．counton 依靠11．figureout 理解name...aftername...after 以……的名字给某人某物命名13．comeacross 偶然遇见14．endup 以……结束，以……告终15．putupwith 容忍，忍受16．inparticular 特别，尤其Ⅲ.经典句式精练1．Nowthat(既然)Helenunderstoodthekeytolanguage，shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.(nowthat引导原因状语从句)2．HerwordspuzzledmeverymuchbecauseIdidnotthenunderstandanythingunlessItouchedit(除非我用手触摸它)．(unless引导条件状语从句)3．Anotherman，lyingonhisside，looksasifheistryingtogetup(好像他正准备起床)．(asif引导表语从句)4．Ithoughtitstrange(认为这很奇怪)thatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove.(thinkit＋adj.＋that.../todo...)5．Theword“think”wasalsoadifficultoneforHelenbutshehadabreakthroughwhileworkingonasimpletask(从事一项简单工作时)．(状语从句中的省略)6．Uncertainabouthowtofixthem(拿不准如何安装它们)，shestoppedtothinkcarefully.(形容词短语作状语)7．Itwasthefirsttime(这是第一次)Helenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn’ttouch.(Itis/wasthefirsttimethat...句型)8．AsHelen’sknowledgeandvocabularyexpanded，sheaskedmoreandmore(越来越多的)questions.(moreandmore表示越来越多的)9．Plinydescribedacloudcomingdownthemountain，blockingoutthesun(遮挡住太阳)andburyingeverythinginitspath，includingwholevillagesandtowns.(动词－ing作结果状语)Ⅳ.课文语法填空根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整。StoriesfromHistoryAroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD，aRomanwriter1.called(call)Plinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathe2.hadwitnessed(witness)asayoungman.TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th,79AD.Thetragedyleft3.adeepimpressiononPliny4.whohadlostanuncleintheeruption.However，morethan1,600yearslater，somescientistsfoundthelosttownsthat5.hadbeenburied(bury)undertheashesofMountVesuvius.Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”preservingafrozenmomentinhistory.6.Beforetheeruptionoccurred,7.ithadbeenaboomingRomancitywithtemples，markets，restaurantsandtheatres.Todayyoucanvisitthesebuildingsbywalkingalongthe8.original(origin)streetsofthecity.And9.more(many)than250yearssinceexcavationsstarted，thousandsoftouristsandhundredsofscientistsvisitPompeiieveryyear10.tolearn(learn)moreabouttheancientworld.[联想微空间]1.以－some结尾的形容词①troublesome惹麻烦的②awesome令人敬畏的③handsome潇洒的④boresome烦人的⑤likesome讨人喜欢的2.un－为否定前缀的词①unbearable不能忍受的②unbelievable不能相信的③uncomfortable不舒服的④unconditional无条件的⑤uncertain不确定的3.介词＋way短语①inaway从某种程度上说②bytheway顺便说一下③intheway妨碍；挡道④ontheway在……的路上⑤acrosstheway路对面，街对面abandonvt.放弃，遗弃n.放任，放纵[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)However，theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.但是，这些计划因为财政问题被抛弃。考点必记(1)abandononeselfto沉溺于……，纵情于……abandondoingsth.放弃做某事(2)withabandon纵情地，放任地(3)abandonedadj.被遗弃的，废弃的；无约束的单句语法填空①Theboyfeltabandoned(abandon)bytheworld.Soheabandonedhimself(he)toplaying(play)computergamesandthoughtthatlifewasboring.Histeacherandclassmateshelpedhimabandontheideaandabandonplaying(play)computergameswiththeirlove.男孩感觉被这个世界所抛弃了。因此他沉湎于玩网络游戏并认为生活是无聊的。他的老师和同学用爱帮助他放弃了这种想法并不再沉迷于网络游戏。②Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarmswithabandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。[写作佳句]Manystudentsabandonthemselvestothecomputergamesnowadays，whichworriestheirparentsalot.如今很多学生迷恋于电脑游戏，这使得他们的父母很担心。[形象识记]preservevt.保护，保存；维护[高考佳句](2015·湖北卷)Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies.许多人正在努力保护这些小马。考点必记(1)preservesb./sth.from/against...保护某人/某物免于……preservesth.＋adj.把某物保存得……(2)preservationn．保护，保存inanexcellentstateofpreservation保存完好单句语法填空①Socialactivitiesusuallypreserveoldpeoplefrom/againstthelonelinessofoldage.社交活动通常防止老年人晚年孤独。②Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation(preserve)；theyareofgreatvaluetoourstudy.这些画保存完好，它们对我们的研究有很大价值。③Atthattimeitwasdifficulttohaveone’sbodypreserved(preserve)afterhisorherdeath.在那时人死后，尸体是很难保存的。[名师指津]preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve意为“保留；预订”。witnessvt.&vi.目击；亲见；作证；为……作证n.见证人；目击者[高考佳句](2017·浙江卷)Italy，whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration，haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.意大利移民传统不太好，最近几年已经见证了移民的急剧增长。考点必记(1)witnessfor/against作有利于/不利于……的证明witnessto(doing)sth.证明(做)某事(2)beawitnessto是……的目击者；是……的证据give/bearwitnessto为……作证，证明单句语法填空①Theruinsofthesetemplesbear/givewitnesstothepastgreatnessoftheRoman这些庙宇的废墟见证了罗马帝国过去的辉煌。②Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。③Shewitnessedtohavingseen(see)themanenterthebuilding.她作证说看到此人进了那栋建筑物。[名师指津]witness作动词时，常用拟人化的方式陈述事实，即用事物名词直接做主语，表述既简洁又形象。④Theworldhaswitnessed(witness)China’sdevelopmentinspace.世人已经见证了中国在太空方面的发展。[语境助记]Thewitnesswhowitnessedtheincidentgavewitnesstothepoliceandpromisedtobeawitness.目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。[写作佳句]Ourcitywitnessesfourdifferentseasons，plentyofsunshineandgoodrainfall，butinwinteryoumayfeelalittlecold.我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点冷。occurvi.发生；出现；存在[高考佳句](2017·江苏卷)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.在中国可能出现年轻劳动力大大减少。考点必记sth.occurs/occurredtosb.某事被某人想起Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...某人想起……Itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth.某人想起做某事(1)完成句子/单句语法填空①Didn’titoccurtoyouthathemightbeinterestedinit?你当时没有想到他可能对此事感兴趣吗？②Itoccurredtometosee(see)herinhospitalyesterday.昨天我突然想到去医院看望她。(2)单句改错③Abrilliantideawasoccurredtome.去掉was④Whendidtheaccidentoccurto.去掉to⑤(2016·北京卷)Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccur.occur→occurred[写作佳句](2014·辽宁卷)Alongwithyourwonderfulinnovation，youneedtohandinareport，explaininghowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.你需要和你奇妙的创新一起提交一份报告，解释你怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。burstvi.爆炸；冲，闯；爆裂；突然发生，突然出现n.爆发，突发[教材原句]Thebuildingexplodedbecauseagaspipehadburst.因为天然气管道的破裂，这幢楼爆炸了。考点必记(1)burstinto/in突然闯进；破门而入burstout突然迸发；爆发burstintotears/laughter＝burstoutcrying/laughing突然大哭/大笑burstwithanger/joy/grief勃然大怒/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝(2)aburstof突发的响声；情感的突然爆发单句语法填空①Idon’tknowwhatitwasinthenovelthatmadehimburstintotears.我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。②Lastnighttheroomwasburstintobutnothingwastakenaway.昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。③Aburstofhandclappingfollowedtheendingofthesong.歌声结束之后响起了一阵掌声。④Thepoliceburstin(throughthedoor)andarrestedhim.警察突然闯进(房门)并逮捕了他。[形象识记][名师指津]burstinto和burstout都含有“突然……”之意，burstinto后接名词，burstout后接动词－ing形式。⑤Scarcelyhadsheheardthesadstorywhensheburstoutcrying(cry)/burstintotears.她一听到这悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭。[写作佳句]Afterhearingtheinterestingstory，thestudentsburstintolaughter.听到那个有趣的故事后，学生们放声大笑。discouragevt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止，劝阻[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymylowprogress，Iwasexcited.然而进步慢并没有使我灰心，我是激动的。考点必记discouragesb.fromdoingsth.劝/阻止/不鼓励某人做某事discouragedadj.泄气的，沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouragingadj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的discouragementn．劝阻；泄气，使人泄气的事，挫折，气馁单句语法填空①Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoing(go)abroad，butfailed.他父母试图阻止他出国，但是失败了。②(2014·福建卷)ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouraged(discourage)rightafterfailures.温斯顿·丘吉尔的引用语告诉我们失败之后不应该泄气。③Theexaminationresultisdiscouraging(discourage)．这次考试结果令人沮丧。④Let’sstartacampaignto_discourage(discourage)smokingamongtheteenagers!让我们发起一项运动劝阻青少年抽烟。⑤Hewasdiscouragedbytheunsuccessfulattemptanddecidedtogiveitup.Discouragedbytheunsuccessfulattempt，hedecidedtogiveitup.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)[写作佳句]Iknewthatnothingwouldeverdiscouragehim；hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.我知道没有什么会使他灰心，他永远也不会放弃想成为一名导演的愿望。expandvt.使扩大，使扩展vi.扩大，扩充，扩展，详述[英汉词典]Wemustbuildonourreputationtoexpandthebusiness.我们必须以信誉为基础扩大业务。考点必记expandinto(使……)扩大成expandon/uponsth详述，详细阐明某事单句语法填空①Hewassoeagertoexpand(expand)hisfarmthathedidnotnoticetheriverflowingslowlytowardshisdoor.他如此急切地盼望扩大他的农场以致他没有注意到小河正缓慢地流向他家的门。②Heaskedhisteachertoexpandon/uponthestepsofprogramming.他要求老师详细阐述编制程序的步骤。③(2015·安徽卷)Theirexpanding(expand)businessbecamealargecorporationin1996.由于他们业务的扩张，在1996成为了一家大公司。significancen．重要性；意义；含义[有道词典]Whatisthesignificanceoflife？Isthereanycriterionforitsmeasurement?一个人的生命究竟有多大意义？这有什么标准可以衡量吗？考点必记(1)beofgreatsignificance＝beverysignificant非常重要beofnosignificance无意义/不重要thesignificanceof...……的重要性/含义(2)significantadj.重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；significantlyadv.有重大意义地；意味深长地单句语法填空①Fewpeoplerealizedthesignificance(significant)ofthediscovery.很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。②Hesmiledsignificantly(significant)athisstudents.他意味深长地对他的学生笑了。③Innovationincardesignisverysignificant.Innovationincardesignisofgreatsignificance.(用“be＋of＋名词”结构改写句子)eageradj.渴望的，热衷的[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.他们渴望有一个购物中心。考点必记beeagerfor渴望某事物beeagertodosth.渴望做某事单句语法填空①Sinceyouaresoeagertoget(get)anorderfromusnowwecanplaceanorderwithyou.既然贵方那么想获得我们的订单，我们现在可以向你们订货了。②It’shumanthateveryoneiseagerforsuccess.人人都渴望成功，这是人之常情。[易混辨析]eager，anxiouseager着重强调对美好事物的向往，可译作“渴望”，急于看到某事的发生anxious更多强调“焦急，忧虑”，表示担心某事发生选用以上词语的适当形式填空③Sheiseagertogotocollege，butanxiousabouttheCollegeEntranceExamination.她渴望上大学，但是，又为高考忧虑。inaway有几分；从某种意义上讲，从某方面来说；在某种程度上[朗文]Inaway，I’malittlesurprisedheacceptedtheoffer.从某种意义上讲，他接受了这个报价让我觉得有点儿惊讶。考点必记alltheway一路上；完全地bywayof经由；途经intheway挡路ontheway在路上innoway绝不(置于句首句子用倒装)inthisway用这种方法(1)用way的相关短语填空①Wecanallowsuchathingtocontinueinnoway.②Youwillsoonreceivetheparcelforitisontheway.③Youcansolvethisproblemonlyinthisway.(2)同义句改写④Innowaycanweallowsuchathingtocontinue.(将上题句①变为倒装句)⑤Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.(将上题句③变为倒装句)[写作佳句]Inthisway，Icannotonlyworkitoutbutalsoimprovemyabilitytoovercomeproblemsallbymyself.用这种方法，我不但解决了问题而且提高了独立克服困难的能力。holdup支撑起；延误，延迟，推迟；承受住；举起[教材原句]Shebecamequitefamouswhensheinventedanewwayofholdingupsuspensionbridgesduringthebuildingprocess.她因在建设过程中发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法而闻名。考点必记holdon等着；挺住；别挂断holdback阻挡；隐瞒；抑制holdonto抓紧；不放开holdout伸出；维持(1)写出下列句中holdup的含义①Haditnotbeenforthepostalstrike，myhomelettermightnothavebeenheldup.延误②Howdoesheholdupundersucharesponsibility？承受住③Idecidedtoholduponthenewsuntilhewassureofit.推迟④Theyhelduptheircoachtocelebratetheirwinning.举起(2)用hold的相关短语填空⑤Whenheleftthetelephonetofetchapencil，heaskedmetoholdon.当他放下电话去拿铅笔时，他让我别挂电话。⑥Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.没有人能阻挡历史车轮的前进。⑦Seeinghersonagainaftertwoyears’absence，themotherheldoutherarmstoembracehim.两年分别后再次看到自己的儿子，这位母亲伸出双臂去拥抱他。putupwith容忍，忍受[有道词典]Itisn’teasytoputupwithpeoplewhoareimpolite.没有礼貌的人是令人难以容忍的。考点必记comeupwith提出，想出keepupwith与……同步，跟上(强调状态)catchupwith跟上(强调动作)putforward提出；拿出putoff推迟puton穿上；增加单句语法填空/完成句子①Thesuggestionheputforwardatthemeetingwasturneddown.他在会议上提出的建议被拒绝了。②Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今日事今日毕。③Thebabyhasputononekilogramduringthelastmonth.在过去的一个月里婴儿体重增加了两斤。④Ittookmonthstocomeupwithanacceptableplanforthebanks.过了好几个月才为银行提出一个可接受的计划。⑤Hethinksonlyincitiescanchildrenbewellpreparedfortheirfuturelifeandkeepupwiththetrendoftheworld.他认为只有在城里孩子们才能为他们将来的生活做好准备并跟上世界发展的趋势。lossn．遗失，丢失；丧失；损失；亏损(1)用lose的正确形式填空①(2017·天津卷)Mygoalwastolose(lose)150poundsinoneyearandraise$50,000insupportofamovementfounded30yearsagoto②Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselveslostforwords.③Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshascausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.④Heenjoyedhismusic，lostinhappiness.(2)单句改错⑤Heisalwaysatthelosswhattosayinfrontofstrangers.the→agathervi.&vt.聚集；集合；收集单句语法填空/完成句子①Itlookslikeastorm，solet’sgatherupourthingsandstartforhome.②Theharvesthasbeensafelygatheredinthisyear.③Ashesatdowntoeat，weboysgatheredaroundhim.④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Theinsectsgatherunderthetable(聚集在桌子下)．gradualadj.逐渐的单句语法填空①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates，buttheyweregradually(gradual)displacedbyhumandevelopment.②Recently，wehaveseenagradual(gradual)trendtowardshealthiereacross偶然遇见；被理解用come的相关短语填空①Asspringwentandsummercame，Mildredstartedtocomeoutmoreandmoreoften.②(2014·福建卷)Iwasamazedthathe’dcomeupwiththissweetidea.③Howdiditcomeaboutthatthemanwasdismissed?④Whenitcomestocooking，sheisalwaystalkingwithoutstop.⑤(2017·天津卷)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.figureout理解；弄明白；计算出用figure的相关短语填空①Peoplearen’twalkinganymore，iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.②IfigureonmeetingtheirrepresentativesinHiltononTuesdayafternoon.③Thebillyoupaiddoesn’tfigureinthetipyouhavetogivetothewaiter.blockout堵住，遮住；不去想，忘记单句语法填空①Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)with