Unit 1 Reading Extended reading 知识点学案 高二上学期英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

Unit1Readingwhich引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主语thefire↑1.Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.现在分词短语在句中充当结果状语该句主语为thefire，谓语为spreadbethoughttohavedone…被认为做了……强调事情已经发生。该结构也可使用bethoughttodoorbedoingsth.…的形式。e.g.Gutenbergisthoughttohaveprintedanumberofsmallerbooks.人们认为古腾堡印刷了一些较小的书籍。Fraudisthoughttobecostingsoftwarecompaniesmillionsofdollarsayear.据悉，欺诈行为每年给软件公司造成数百万美元的损失。Classicalmusicisoftenthoughttobedifficultandinaccessible.古典音乐通常被认为是困难和难以接近的。2.Bythistime,thefirehadextendedtothe15thfloor.extendv.1)tocontinueforaparticulardistanceoroveraparticulararea延伸;伸展e.g.ThecompanyextendeditsoperationsinEurope.这家公司扩大了在欧洲的业务。2)tocontinueforalongerperiodoftime,ortomakesomethinglastlonger持续;延长e.g.Herpoliticalcareerextendedoveraperiodof50years.她的政治生涯长达50年。【语境应用】汉译英。1.炎热天气将一直持续到十月。2.这个公园一直延伸到河边。3.我们把会议延长了十五分钟。3.Thereisconcernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.句子结构分析：本句的主干结构是：Thereisconcern.第一个that引导同位语从句，解释说明concern。第二个that引导定语从句，限定theconstructioncompany4.Ilookedoutsideandthesmokewaschokingme.chokev.1)tobeunabletobreatheproperly(使)窒息，呼吸困难e.g.Hechokedonapieceofbread.Thesmokewaschokingme.2)tobeunabletotalkclearlybecauseyouarefeelingastrongemotion(因情绪激动)说不出话，(使)哽咽e.g.Iwastoochokedwithemotiontospeak.Hervoicewaschokedwithrage.5.Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.investigatev.totrytofindoutthetruthaboutorthecauseofsomethingsuchasacrime,accident,orscientificproblem查明;调查;侦查e.g.Policeareinvestigatingthecauseofthefire.警方正在调查火灾原因。Iheardanoiseandwentdownstairstoinvestigate.我听到有声音，就下楼去查看。【语境应用】翻译句子。1)Don’ttakeinformationonauthorityuntilyou’veinvestigatedityourself.2)Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaurs(鱼龙)adaptedtotheproblemofdecompression(减压)overthe150millionyears.investigatetotrytofindoutthetruthaboutsomethingsuchasacrime,accident,orscientificproblemlookintosth.(everydayEnglish)tofindoutmoreaboutaproblem,especiallyaftersomeonehasaskedyoutodothisexploretoconsiderordiscusssomething,inordertohelpyoudecidewhatyoushoulddo6.Howdothesedifferencescomeabout?comeabout:tohappenorstarttohappen发生e.g.Howdiditcomeaboutthatthemanisdismissed？那个人被解雇了，怎么回事？comeout出来；出版；开花

comeacross(无意中)碰到，找到，想到cometo总共，涉及到comeon(表示鼓励、催促等)快，走吧comeup走过来；走近comeupwith提出【语境应用】单项选择。1.Thebookisbeingprintedanditwillsoon_____.A.turnout

B.comeout

C.startout

D.goout2.—Haveyou_____somenewideas?—Yeah.I’lltellyoulater.A.comeabout

B.comeinto

C.comeupwith

D.comedownfrom3.It’salready10o’clock.Iwonderhowit_____thatshewaslateagain.

A.cameover

B.cameout

C.cameabout

D.cameup

4.—I’mdeadtired.Ican’tmoveanyfarther.—_____,Mary.Youcandoit!

A.Noproblem

B.Nohurry

C.Comeon

D.That’sOK5.Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat,butknowingsuchthingsisn’tmuchhelpwhenit_____shoppingandeating.A.refersto

B.speaksof

C.focuseson

D.comesto

7…theymaycontradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails.contradictvt.todisagreewithsomething,especiallybysayingthattheoppositeistrue反驳，驳斥；相矛盾e.g.Thewitnessstatementscontradicteachotherandthefactsremainunclear.目击者的说法互相矛盾，真相依然未明。contradictoneself自相矛盾【同根词】contradictionn.矛盾，不一致contradictoryadj.矛盾的，抵触的8…thenumbersofdeathsdifferinthetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfire.differvi.tobedifferentfromsomethinginsomeway不同于，不一样，有区别e.g.AmericanEnglishdiffersfromBritishEnglishinseveralways.不同于Thetwosistersdifferintheirinterests.在……方面不同Thethreebrothersdifferabout/on/overpolitics.在某事上有分歧However,Idifferwiththemanwhoisspeaking.与某人有分歧【同根词】differentadj.有差异的；与众不同的；分别的differencen.差别，差异；意见分歧，不和【语境应用】根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。1.

甚至同一棵树的叶子也彼此不同。Eventheleavesofthesametree____________________.2.

关于抚养孩子的最佳方法人们看法不一。Opinions___________________thebestwayto__________________.3.

这两组人的主要区别是年龄。The_____________________thetwogroupswasage.9Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.that引导的同位语从句conclusionn.somethingyoudecideafterconsideringalltheinformationyouhave结论rushto/draw/reach/arriveattheconclusione.g.Wefinallydrewtheconclusionthatshewaslying.我们最终得出了她在说谎的结论。【同根词】concludev.得出结论10Newsreportswrittenatdifferentstagesofaneventcouldcontaindifferentinformationasnewfactsarebroughttolight.bring…tolight:tobecomeknown揭露，披露，揭发，常用于被动语态，相当于cometolighte.g.Thisevidencedidnotcometolightuntilafterthetrial.这个证据直到审判后才被发现。Themistakewasonlybroughttolightsomeyearslater.这个错误直到几年后才被发现。11.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelynewsmitv.1)tosaythatsbwilldefinitelydosthormustdosth使承担义务，作出保证2)todosth.wrongorillegal犯(错误或罪行)3)todecidetousemoney,time,peopleetcforaparticularpurpose投入(钱、时间、人力等)becommittedto致力于commitoneself承担义务；做出承诺；说出肯定的意见e.g.Meetingthemdoesn’tcommitustoanything.和他们会面并不表示我们会承诺什么。Theheadmasterhascommittedhimselftoimprovingtheschoolfacilities.校长承诺要改善学校设施。Hewassenttoprisonforacrimethathedidn’tcommit.他蒙冤入狱。【语境应用】根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面句子（每空一词）。1.Whentakentothepolicestationforquestioning,themansaid,“Ihavenever________________________(犯任何罪).”2.Shehas________________________________________________________(答应去诊所)atonce.

ExtendedreadingInotherwords,ittriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice.persuadevt.tomakesomeonedecidetodosomething,bygivingthemreasonswhytheyshoulddoit;tomakesomeonebelievesomethingorfeelsureaboutsomething说服，使信服persuadesb.todosth./intodoingsth.说服某人做某事persuadesb.outofdoingsth./nottodosth.说服某人不做某事persuadesb.that…使某人相信persuadesb.ofsth.让某人相信某事persuasionn.说服，劝说；信仰egCanyoupersuade

Alice

outofherfoolishplan?ItriedtopersuadeRobinnottobuy/outofbuyingthatMP4,butfailed.Theypersuadedmethatthismedicinewasexcellentforcolds.Theytriedtopersuadeusofthetruthofthereport.Ifinallypersuadedhimtoenterthecompetition.=Ifinallypersuadedhimintoenteringthecompetition.Weneedasocietywhichwelcomespeople

of

all

persuasions.【语境应用】使句子的意思相同或相近。1)Ipersuadedhimtogiveupplayingcomputergames.→I_________him________toplaycomputergamesanymore.→I__________him________________playingcomputergames.2)Icouldn’tpersuadedmyselfthathewashonest.→Icouldn’tpersuadedmyself________________________.2.IfanadvertisementisplacedonapopularwebsiteoronTVatpeaktimes,ahugenumberofpeoplewillknowabouttheproductorserviceitisadvertising.peakadj.usedtotalkaboutthebest,highest,orgreatestleveloramountofsomething最高度的，高峰时期的n.thesharplypointedtopofamountain;apartthatformsapointaboveasurfaceoratthetopofsomething山峰，高峰；尖端vi.toreachthehighestpointorlevel达到高峰，达到最高值egImightneedsomehelpinghandsduringthepeakseason.Heispasthispeakasaboxer.Thetrafficreachesapeakbetween5and6pm.Thecompany’sstockhitapeakofabout$23.Itisoneofthemostdifficult

peaks

toclimb.advertisevi.&vt.totellthepublicaboutaproductorserviceinordertopersuadethemtobuyit;tomakeanannouncementthatajobisavailable,aneventisgoingtohappenetc.;

toletpeopleknowsomethingaboutsomeoneorsomething做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传advertisementn.广告，启事；广告宣传egTheynolongeradvertisealcoholatsportingevents.Wearecurrentlyadvertisingforanewsalesmanager.Fionaworks

in

advertising.ShesawanadvertisementforaskivacationinShenyang.3.Inadditiontomakingpeopleawareofaproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisementwillalsocreateadesiretobuy,thusboostingbusiness.awareof:younoticeit,especiallybecauseyoucansee,hear,feelorsmellit意识到；知道becomeawareof对……知道,明白;意识到beawarethat…察觉到、意识到makesb.awareofsth.使某人明白某事so/asfarasI’maware据我所知awarenessn.认识，意识raiseone’sawareness提高某人的意识【语境应用】完成句子。1)Thelittlegirl_________________havingdonewrong.这个小女孩儿没有意识到自己做错了事。2)Theysuddenly__________________peoplelookingatthem.他们突然意识到人们在看着他们。3)Officialshavetriedto

______________

abouthistory.官员们努力提高人们对历史的认识。4)你有没有意识到已经出了问题？(翻译)Wereyouawarethatsomethingwaswrong?boostvt.

toincreaseorimprovesomethingandmakeitmoresuccessful使增长，使兴旺n.somethingthatgivessomeonemoreconfidence,orthathelpssomethingincrease,improve,orbecomesuccessful增长，提高；帮助，激励egWinningtheprizeboostedhisconfidence.Thenewresortareahasboostedtourism.Thewinboostedtheteam’sconfidence.辨析:apartfrom,inadditionto/besides,exceptapartfrom:除了……还：包括在内时=besides；不包括在内时=except(for)Apartfromtheending,it’sreallyagoodfilm.inadditionto/besides:除了……之外：强调还包括其他SheunderstandsFrenchbesides/inadditiontoEnglish.except:除了……之外：从整体中除去一部分，排除在外HegetsupearlyeverydayexceptSunday.4.Basedonthepsychologybehindcreatingadesiretobuy,advertisershavedevelopedwaysofpersuadingpeopleintopurchasingtheirproductsorservices.purchasevt.tobuysomething买，购买n.somethingyoubuy,ortheactofbuyingit购买，采购；购买的东西、项目egTicketsmustbepurchasedtwoweeksinadvance.Wepurchasedthishousefromanelderlycouplelastmonth.Themiddle-agedmanspentmuchmoneyforthepurchaseofthenewhouse.【语境应用】完成句子。1)Theyknowhowtosearchforworksofartandwhat___________(purchase).2)Thereareactionsyoutakebeforeandafter__________(purchase)theticket.3)Shepaidforherpurchasesandleft.(翻译)5.Andwhatmessagedoesittrytogetacrossgetacross:tobeclearlyexpressedtoandunderstoodbysomeone被传达，被理解；把……讲清楚egIhadcreatedawaytogetmymessageacrosswhileusingasfewwordsaspossible.Heisnotverygoodatgettinghisideasacross.【拓展】get短语：geton/along相处融洽；进展getdown写下，记下getover克服；恢复，痊愈getawayfrom摆脱

getridof除掉，摆脱getthrough通过，到达，完成，接通电话getinto上（车），陷入（困境），习惯于getoutof离开，逃避，规避，抛弃（习惯）【语境应用】用适当的介词或副词填空。1)Itisnotaseriousillness,andshewillsoonget________it.2)Doyouget________wellwithyournewclassmates?3)Hewasfollowedbyagroupofreporterstryingtoget________everywordhesaid.4)Ihavetriedtogetmypoint________.5)IwillbewithyouassoonasIget________thiswork.6.Somefilmsarenowsponsoredbyleadingbrands…sponsorvt.赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助n.apersonorcompanythatpaysforashow,eventetc.especiallyinexchangefortherighttoadvertiseatthatevent;someonewhogivesomeoneelsemoneyfora

charity赞助商；为慈善活动捐资的人egEvasaidshewasdoingaten-milewalkforcharityandaskedifI’dsponsorherfor$1amile.Allthemajortheatresnowhavesponsors,especiallyforhigh-costproductions.I’mcollectingsponsorsfornextweek’scharityrun.【语境应用】翻译句子。1)比赛的组织者在设法吸引赞助商。2)她找到一家愿意资助她读完大学的公司。3)这些体育赛事是由同一家公司赞助的。Weabsorbthesemarketingmessageswithoutthinkin