高考英语总复习Unit5NelsonMandela-amoder

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroStep1

课前准备——单元考点

自查自测1.词汇分层级识记过关

2.语境活用填写过关

3.经典句式背诵仿写过关

4.类词巧累积事半功倍(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用(二)写用联合记短语——译写短语·语境活用(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵Step2

讲堂研究——核心考点

点点打破1.要点难点考点学通练透

2.概括总结拓展宽阔视线

3.方法例律技巧威望点拨

4.八面玲珑打创高效讲堂第一时段Warmingup&Reading1．devotevt.

献身；专心于

(与to

连用)[教材原句

]

Agreatpersonissomeonewho

devotes

his/herlifetohelpingothers.一位伟人是能够将自己的生命奉献于帮助他人的人。(1)devote...to...把奉献于devoteoneselfto(doing)献身于；致力于(2)devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的bedevotedto(doing)．..专心于；奉献于(3)devotionn.关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚单句语法填空Idon'tthinkweshoulddevoteanymoretimeto_______(persuade)suchastubbornmantochangehismind.Heisa________(devote)fatherbecausehewasstrictwithhischildrenandencouragedthemwhentheywereintrouble.His________(devote)tohiscountrywashighlythoughtofbythepeople.句型变换④Shedevotedherselftothecauseofeducationandwaspraisedbythegovernment.____________________________ofeducation,hewaspraisedbythegovernment.[答案]①persuading②devoted③devotionDevotedtothecause2．attackvt.

攻击；攻击；抨击

n．攻击；攻击；病情发生[教材原句

]

Wechoseto

attack

thelaws.我们选择向法律攻击。(1)underattack遇到攻击makeanattack攻击aheartattack心脏病突发(2)attacksb.攻击/抨击某人beattackedwith患单句语法填空Thejudgesaidthatitwasnotlegal________(attack)otherpeoplewithviolence.Hearinghisdaughterattacked________cancer,heburstintotears.达成句子③Whatwillyoudoifyouare____________？Wouldyouliketo________________onthosewhoattackyou?你遇到侵袭时会怎么做呢？你会向侵袭你的人倡始攻击吗？[答案]①toattack②with③underattack;makeanattack3．equaladj.相等的；同样的；相当的；能胜任的n．同样的人；相等物v．与相等，等于；比得上[教材原句]ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewit

wouldhelp

usachieve

ourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.可是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将有助于我们实现使黑人和白人同样的梦想。(1)AequalsBin...

在方面

A比得上

Bbeequalto

＋n./doingsth.

等于；与相等；胜任(2)equality

n.

相等；同样equallyadv.相等地；同样地单句语法填空Littlepleasurecanbeequal________thatofacooldrinkinhotsummer.Myroommateequalsme________maths,buthisEnglishisbetter.达成句子Anyman________________thetask,solongasheiscareful.只需仔细任何人都能胜任这项任务。[答案]①to②in③willbeequalto[知识顾问

]

(1)用作形容词，意为“同样的”“相等的”，

beequalto

表示“等于”“能胜任”“能对付”等，此中的

to

是介词(后来接动词时应用动名词

)。(2)用作及物动词，意为“等于”“比得上”等，

equalsb.in...

表示“在方面比得上某人”，不要在后来加介词

to。用作名词，意为“相等的事物”“(地位等)同样的人”等，是可数名词。4．introuble在危险、受罚、难过、忧愁等的处境中[教材原句]EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.当伊莱亚斯处于窘境中的时候他就去找纳尔逊·曼德拉。askfortrouble

自找麻烦；自寻烦忧getintotrouble

堕入窘境maketrouble招惹是非；制造麻烦havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难takethetroubletodosth.不辞辛勤地做某事单句语法填空AlthoughMikewas________trouble,hedidn'tloseheart.②I'llneverforgetthetroubleIhad________(try)topersuadehmoneyforthepoor.

imtoraise③Thankyouforthetroubleyou'retaken________(help)me.[答案]

①in

②trying

③tohelp[易错提示

]

introuble

表示处于“麻烦”的状态中，没冠词修饰，名词用单数。5．turnto

求援于；翻到

(书的某页

)；致力于；开始从事；查阅；转向[教材原句

]

WhydidNelsonMandela

turnto

violencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?为何纳尔逊·曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人同样呢？turndown关小；拒绝turnaway拒绝入内；把打发走turnup出现；露面；调大turnout证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turnover打翻；翻身；移交单句语法填空Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasingleperson________whomshecouldturnforhelp.Ipolitelyturned________hisrequestandleftwithouthesitation.Hepromisedtoattendthepartybuthehasn'tturned________.Itturned________thathewasinnocent.[答案]①to②down③up④out6．“only＋副词”句式[教材原句]...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力抗争暴力。“only＋副词”作状语置于句首，句子采纳部分倒装形式。Onlyyesterday________________thetruth,whichwasabigsurprise.昨天他父亲才把实情告诉他，这对他真是一个令人惊讶的信息。Onlythen________________theimportanceofhealth.只有到了那时候，我才意识到健康的重要性。“only＋介词短语”作状语放在句首，句子需用部分倒装形式。③Onlybyunderstandingandlearningfromeachother________________thosedaystogetherhappily.只有经过互相理解相互学习，我们才能一同高兴地度过那些美好的日子。“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句采纳部分倒装形式。④OnlywhenIgrewup______________________________theresponsibilityofbeingparents.只有当我长大了此后，我才理解了作为父亲母亲的责任。Onlywhenhecameback________________thetruth.只有当他回来的时候，我们才知道了实情。(4)only修饰主语，即便放在句首也不倒装。Onlyshe___________________________inanhour.只有她能在一小时内达成这个工作。[答案]

①didhisfathertellhim

②didIrealize

③couldwespend

④didIunderstand

⑤didweknow

⑥canfinishthework[方法例律

]

(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only

放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装形式。StephenHawking1.____________(attack)withmotorneuronediseaseandhewashisillnessandhis3.____________(devote)tosciencehadno4.____________(equally)intheworld.Butinhisdailylife,hesuffereda语境串考点

(语法填空

)

6.____________acomputercouldhespeak,readandwrite.Inhiswholelifeheliveda7.____________(peace)lifeandtook8.____________activepartinexperimenting.Hesetanexampletothe9.____________(young).10.____________(sad)hediedon14th,March,2018.[答案]

1.wasattacked

2.in

3.devotion

4.equal

5.when

6.to

7.peaceful8.an

9.youth

10.Sadly第二时段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage1．escapevi.

逃走；泄漏

n．逃跑，溢出，漏出[教材原句

]

Itwasaprisonfromwhichnoone

escaped.那是一座任何人都逃不出来的牢狱。(1)escape(doing)sth.

躲避(做)某事escapefrom

从逃走(2)anarrowescape

九死一世单句语法填空①Heescaped____________(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.Seeingthepoisonousgasescaping________thebrokenpipe,hesoundedthealarm.达成句子③Hehad_______________.Luckily,hewasableto____________theburningbuilding.他九死一世。好运的是，他从失火的建筑物中逃了出来。[答案]①beingkilled②from③anarrowescape;escapefrom2．rewardn.&vt.酬劳；奖金；酬金；奖励[教材原句]TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪资是对我一世为黑人的同样权益而奋斗的回报。(1)asareward(for...)作为(对的)酬劳/奖励inrewardfor为酬报；作为的奖励(2)rewardsb.forsth.

因某事而奖励某人rewardsb.withsth.

用某物回报某人(3)rewardingadj.值得做的；有利的；存心义的单句语法填空Shestartedsingingtothebabyand____________(reward)withasmile.I'dliketodosomethinginreward________herkindness.Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingand________(reward)

．[答案]

①wasrewarded

②for

③rewarding3．loseheart

丧失勇气或信心[教材原句]

Thescientist

fromwhomthegovernmentheardthebadnewsneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.那个告诉政府坏信息的科学家在窘境中素来没气馁过。(1)loseone'sheartto

爱上putone'sheartinto

专心于learn...byheart

记着breakone'sheart

使心碎；使某人悲伤(2)heartandsoul

一心一意单句语法填空①Althoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theydidn'tlose________(heart)．Helosthisheart________playingfootball.Thoughheputhisheart________writingpoems,itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved.单句写作④作为一名公事员，你应当一心一意为人民服务。Asacivilservant,youshouldservethepeople_______________.[答案]①heart②to③into④heartandsoul4．cometopower当权；登台；执政[教材原句

]

Ididnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntil

Mr.MandelaandtheANCcametopower

in1994.在曼德拉先生和非洲民族议会

1994年掌权以前，我有

20年没有再工作。(1)beinpower

当权；执政comeintopower

登台；执政；当权(2)doall/everythinginone'spowertodosth.竭尽所能做某事withinone'spower

某人力所能及的beyondone'spower

高出某人的能力单句语法填空①Hehasbeen________powerfor

tenyearsbuthedoesn't

wanttoleave

office.②After

hecame________power,themandevotedmostofhistimetosociety

work.I'lldoeverythinginmypower____________(help)you.[答案]①in②to③tohelp5．setup成立；建立；创立[教材原句]setuplawofficetohelppoorblackpeopleinJohannesburg建立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的贫困黑人供给帮助setdown记下；写下setaside把放在一边；省出；留出setoff出发；起程；使爆炸setout出发；起程；着手做setaboutdoingsth.＝setouttodosth.开始做某事采纳上述短语填空You'dbetter____________whatyourteachersaidinclass.Themomenthearrivedhome,he____________readingthebook.Theyoungmanhopeshe'll____________hisownbusinesssomeday.Thechildren____________fireworksduringthefestival.单句写作⑤《中国好歌曲》搭建了一个舞台，在这里一些人能够实现他们的梦想。TheSongofChinahas_____________________________wheresomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams.[答案]①setdown②setabout③setup④setoffsetupastage6．“thefirsttime”指引时间状语从句[教材原句]IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅游团作解说时，我的心情很不好。(1)thefirsttime“第一次”，指引时间状语从句。①Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slesson____________heattendedhisclass.他第一次上课时就对这位年青老师的课感兴趣。(2)Itisthefirsttime

＋that

从句(从句中往常使用此刻达成时态

)和

Itwasthefirsttime

＋that

从句(从句中往常使用过去达成时态

)，意为“这是第一次”，此中that

可省略。Itwasthefirsttime(that)he____________severalleadersoftheWesternHemisphereatonetime.这是他初次在同一时间会见多位西半球国家领导人。ItisthefirsttimethatI____________suchaninterestingbook.这是我第一次读这么风趣的书。[答案]

①thefirsttime

②hadmet

③haveread[知识顾问

]

(1)forthefirsttime

意为“初次；第一次”，表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般独自作状语。(2)atthefirsttime是介词短语，意为“在第一次”，不过是指出时间次序，一般状况下已有多件同种类的事件发生过，而此处不过指的是第一次发生的时候，不重申“唯一无二”。语境串考点

Johnhadjustsetabouthisfactoryatfirsttime(短文改错

)

asIcametothepower,Isetouttoeducatingtheworkers,whowerenotallowedtoescapetheclassroom.Finallymyeffortswerereward.Alltheworkersweresoeducatingthattheyraisedtheproduction.Becauseofhigherquality,thegoodssoldwell.Throughmyexperience,Iknow

“ifyoudon'tloseyourheart,you'llsucce

edintime.

”[答案]Johnhadjustsetabout

hisfactoryat

firsttimeImethim.Hebeged

metoup

the

beggedmanagehisbusiness.AssoonasIcametothe

＼power,Isetouttoeducating

theeducateworkers,whowerenotallowedtoescape

∧

theclassroom.Finallymyeffortswerefromreward.All

theworkersweresoeducating

that

theyraised

theproduction.

Becauserewarded

educatedofhigher

quality,thegoodssoldwell.highThroughmyexperience,Iknow

“ifyoudon'tlose

your＼heart,you'llsucceedintime.

”Step3课后操练——知识能力链接高考Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewater________(qualify)

．[答案]

quality2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Forwereworththedifficulttrip.

manywhomadeittoDawson,however,the________(reward)[答案]

rewards3．(2017·江苏卷)Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorly________ruralareasandlowestinhighly________urbanareas.(educate)[答案]educated;educated4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsandweretoo________(violence)foruseatthetable.[答案]violent5．Behavinginthis________(self)and________(devote)manner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears.[答案]selfless;devoted6．Althoughhemadeaseriousmistakeinhiswork，hewasluckytoescape________(fire)byhisboss.[答案]beingfired7．Idon'tthinkheisequalto________(do)thiskindofwork,soIcan'thirehim.[答案]doing8．TheescapeddriverdeclaredguiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25,000and________(sentence)toupto3yearsinprison.[答案]besentenced9．Qinghuauniversity，________(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.[答案]founded10．Hewas________greattrouble，sohehadtoturn________hisex-wifeforhelp,________madehimsodepressed.[答案]in;to;whichⅡ.单句改错1．SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforonhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”competition.____________[答案]去掉on2．Althoughhedidn'tpasstheexamhedidn'tlosehisheart.____________[答案]去掉his3．Thelittlegirlwassoexcitedtobetakenabroadthefirsttime.____________[答案]在abroad后加for4．Itwasgenerousforhertopayforusthatday.____________[答案]第一个for→of5．ThiswasatimewhichtherewerenoTVsetsandmobilephones.____________[答案]

which→when6．Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearstohelpthedisabledisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue.____________[答案]

help→helping7．Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhourstheymakeadecision.____________[答案]在hours后加did8．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.____________[答案]去掉when9．Thispositionisequalsuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebodywhohasworkexperience.____________[答案]equal→equally10．Shepretendedtobecalmbutasmatteroffactshewasmorethannervousatthetimeshewasbeingquestioned.____________[答案]在as后加aⅢ.依据提示词及有关要求达成句子1．国庆节目睹了人们在街上唱歌跳舞。(see)NationalDay__________________________________anddancinginthestreet.[答案]sawpeoplesinging2．只有这样我们才能生活在一个舒坦漂亮的环境中。(倒装句)Onlyinthisway_________________________________________comfortableandbeautifulsurroundings.[答案]

canwelivein3．第一次失掉我最好的朋友的时候，我认为世界末日到了。_________________________________________,Ithoughtit

(thefirsttime)wastheendoftheworld.[答案]

ThefirsttimeIlostmybestfriend4．他是最后一个走开教室的学生。(序数词＋名词＋todo)Hewasthe_________________________________________theclassroom.[答案]laststudenttoleave5．这是一个我不肯上学的时期。(Itis/wasatimewhen...)Itwas___________________________Ihatedtogotoschool.[答案]atimewhen6．既然你不可以回答这个问题，我会去问他人。(since)_________________________________________thequestion

，Iwillaskothers.[答案]

Sinceyoucan'tanswer高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·浙江卷)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,

there

were66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury

—mostexpertsdate

the

first

novel

to

RobinsonCrusoe

in

1719—but

nobodywantedto

doitprofessionally.Thesteam

－poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(

识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththe

”

Novels,publication

of

novelsandtheir

readership

andwhosecharacters

—fromOliver

Twistto

Tiny

Tim—wereheld

upasmoral

touchstones.

TodayDickens'

greatness

isunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(

名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf－dozenofthem.It'spartlyDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'sthathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.

truethatpartlyButit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible

—andimportantforourownculture

—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.语篇解读：本文经过表达查尔斯·狄更斯对文学作品的贡献，号召读者在狄更斯200周年寿辰到临之际，纪念狄更斯。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.[分析]

细节理解题。题目要求找出最能描绘

18世纪小说特色的选项，由文章第一段最后一句“Novels,

for

the

mostpart,

werelooked

uponassilly,

immoralorjust

plainbad(小说在很大程度上被认为是愚笨的、不道德的，或许几乎有害至极

)．”可知，当时小说在人们心中毫无价值，所以选

C。A选项中的

difficulttounderstand

以及

B选项中的amongtherich

在文章中并无出现，故清除

A、B两项。

D选项中的

mostlybywomen

错误，文章中“

oftenwithsomethinglike

‘Byalady

’”不过举例说明有些作品没有作者名字，而非小说主要由女士所著，所以清除D。[答案]

C2．Dickensiscomparedwiththe

MonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature[分析]推理判断题。第二段中“TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.”表明，此刻，狄更斯的地位是无可匹敌的；和卢浮宫的《蒙娜丽莎》对比是因为《蒙娜丽莎》很重要，这样更突出狄更斯的重要性。再联合第三段查尔斯·狄更斯被世人尊崇的原由是他在文学方面的成就，故不难推测选

D。文章没有说狄更斯在法国的名望，所以清除

A项；B选项中的

hisinterestinmodernart

在文中未被说起，所以清除

B项；C选项中的

inpublication

错误，因为本段主要叙述狄更斯在文学上的成就，所以清除

C项。[答案]

D3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.[分析]写作企图题。由文章最后一段最后一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年寿辰之际，号召大家理解狄更斯是怎样使自己拥有连续影响力的，所以A项“纪念一个伟大的作家”正确。文章主要叙述狄更斯的文学影响力，而非介绍他的一篇英文小说，所以清除B项；C选项“鼓舞有关文化方面的研究”与文章主题不符，所以清除C项；D选项范围太广，与文章对狄更斯的介绍不符，所以清除D项。[答案]

AB(2018·山东郯城二中教课质量监测

)There

is

alot

to

learn

about

the

creations

ofBeatrixPottermostfamous

—notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'schildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalso

apioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.her

“PottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily,butalongwithbrotherwhofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwith

all

sortsofanimals，”saidAnneLundin,aretiredprofessorfortheUW

－MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.“Asanadult,shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemaletoturnthecharmingillustrationsandstories

，”Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedshewroteinletterstochildren

intobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthathasinspiredplays,ballets,filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren'sbookinwhichwaspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It'sbeentranslatedinto36languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththe

the

world,nextgeneration

，”

saidLundin.Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation.

“Inmanyways,shewaslikePeterRabbit

，venturinginto

aworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoonasshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres,whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury，”saidLundin.“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern—herembracingofthenaturalworld，”commentedJenniferBlatchleySmith,anartisticdirectoroftheshow

PeterRabbitTales

tocelebrate

the150thanniversary

ofPotter's

birth.语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要叙述了

Beatrix

Potter

的故事，BeatrixPotter不单是一位有名的作家、插图画家，仍是自然环境保护的前驱者和植物学家。因为Potter关于世界的贡献，人们到现在都在铭刻她。4．WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?A．Herlifeandworkexperiences.B．Herspecialtyinanimated(动画)pictures.C．Hersuccessinbecomingabotanicalscientist.D．Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.[分析]推理判断题。依据倒数第二段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk”(她像兔子彼得同样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险)可知，BeatrixPotter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。应选A。[答案]

A5．Whatdoestheword

“frustrated

”

inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Disappointed.

B．Devoted.C．Motivated.

D．Inspired.[分析]

词义猜想题。依据画线词后边的“

Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale

”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以

BeatrixPotter

是比较丧气的。应选

A。[答案]

A6．WhatisBeatrixPotter?A．Abotanistandartist.B．Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.C．Awriter,conservationistandfarmer.D．Anartisticdirector.[分析]细节理解题。依据第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld's

mostfamouschildren's

books,

TheTaleofPeterRabbit,

butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist

，”以及倒数第二段中“becameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist

”可知，

BeatrixPotter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。应选

C。[答案]

C7．Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?A．IncelebrationofPotter's150thbirthday.B．InhonourofPotter'snewcontributions.C．InpraiseofPotter'sspiritofselflessness.D．InsupportofPotter'sbookpromotions.[分析]

写作企图题。纵览全文，全篇都在叙述主人公的平生事迹，

再依据最后一段中的“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern”及“anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth

”可知，这篇文章是为了

Potter，为庆贺她150岁寿辰而写的。应选

A。[答案]

ACStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestival,afestivalinTrondheim,Norway,celebratingscienceandthearts,Hawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehumanraceisinseriousdanger.HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience,“Iamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingchangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,whomayjusthavetakenthemost

climateseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”Hawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautsbefore2020torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreported

totheMoonthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“build

alunarbasein30years'

timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025

”．AccordingtotheBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,“Spreadingoutintospacewillcompletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued,“Ihopeitwouldunitecompetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethecommonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated,“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite(youngpeople),andstimulateinterestinotherareas,suchasastrophysics(天体物理学)andcosmology(宇宙学)．”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience,“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued,“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation(滥伐丛林),anddecimation(大量杀死)ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking(考虑不周的)lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe(航天探测器)toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold(初步)ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.语篇解读：文章引用了世界有名物理学及天文学家霍金的看法，说了然人类一定走开地球在太空中找一处新家的原由。8．AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?A．TosendpeopletoMars.B．Tobuildalunarbase.C．TosendastronautstotheMoon.D．Tochangethefutureofhumanity.[分析]细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空研究，应选C项。[答案]

C9．Theunderlined

word

“drained

”

in

Paragraph

5canbe

replaced

by“________”．A．speededup

B．storedC．usedup

D．explored[分析]

词义猜想题。由该词前面的“

natural

resources

”和后边的“

at

analarmingrate

”能够推测出，

drain

在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，应选

C项。[答案]

C10．WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth'sfuture?A．Pessimistic.

B．Confused.C．Positive.

D．Indifferent.[分析]

看法态度题。由文章中频频出现的“

warned”以及第五段的内容能够推测出，霍金对地球的将来持消极的态度，这也是他提出人类要走开地球的原由，应选A项。[答案]A11．ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A．theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB．humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC．anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD．astronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth[分析]细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类一定走开地球的原由是：人类处于危险之中，地球遇到威迫，应选A项。[答案]AD(2018·辽宁沈阳高三教课质量监测一butsheneverfailstoserveAmericaallherlife.

)HillaryfailedtobepresidentofAmerica,HillaryDianeRodhamwasborninChicago,Illinois,onOctober26,1947，daughterofHughandDorothyRodham.SheandhertwoyoungerbrothersgrewupinParkRidge,Illinois.Anexcellentstudent,shewasalsoaGirlScoutandamemberofthelocalMethodistyouthgroup.Hillaryalsoenjoyedsportsandwasalwaysinterestedinpolitics.SheenteredWellesleyCollegein1965.Graduatingwithhighhonors,shemovedontoYaleLawSchool,wheresheservedontheBoardofEditorsoftheYaleReviewofLawandSocialAction.WhileatYale,shedevelopedherspecialconcernforprotectingthebestinterestsofchildrenandtheirfamilies.ItwastherethatshemetBillClinton,afellowstudent.HillaryleftWashingtonandfollowedherhearttoArkansas,marryingBillClintonin1975.ThecoupletaughttogetheronthelawschooloftheUniversityofArkansasatFayetteville.Theirdaughter,Chelsea,wasbornin1980.AsFirstLadyofArkansas,Hillarycontinuedtoworktirelesslyonbehalfofchildrenandfamilies.InadditiontochairingtheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee,shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.SheintroducedapioneeringprogramcalledtheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungstersintoArkansas,whichtrainedparentstoworkwiththeirchildreninpreschoolpreparednessandliteracy.HillaryalsoservedontheboardoftheArkansasChildren'sHospital.Inrecognitionofherprofessionalandpersonalaccomplishments,HillarywasnamedArkansasWomanoftheYearin1983andArkansasMotheroftheYearin1984.Women'sInternationalCenterproudlypresentedtheLivingLegacyAwardtoHillaryRodhamClintonforhervastcontributionsinsomanyfields,especiallyhonoringherworkforwomenandchildren.语篇解读：本文介绍了希拉里的有关状况，包含她的家庭、所受的教育、事业以及为妇女和少儿做出的贡献等。12．WherewasitthatHillarybegantoshowherconcernforchildren'sinterests?A．InChicago,Illinois.B．AtWellesleyCollege.C．InWashingtonandArkansas.D．AtYaleLawSchool.[分析]

细节理解题。依据第三段的倒数第二句“

Whileat

Yale,shedevelopedherspecial

concernforprotecting

thebestinterests

ofchildren

andtheir

families.

”可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特别关怀少儿及其家庭的权益，故D项正确。[答案]D13．WhichofthefollowingwassetupbyHillary?A．TheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee.B．TheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.C．TheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungsters.D．TheArkansasChildren'sHospital.[分析]细节理解题。依据倒数第二段中的“shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州保护少儿和家庭权益组织”，故项正确。[答案]B14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．BillClintonandHillarybothgraduatedfromWellesleyCollege.B．BillClintonandHillaryfoundedtheUniversityofArkansas.C．HillarydidagreatdealforchildrenandwomeninArkansas.D．Hillarywasinterestedinsportsbut