考研英语二2009-2017历年真题及答案解析

2009年考研英语二真题

SectionIIClose(10%)

Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,

C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1withapencil.(10

points)

Inl999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad(21)the$100abarrel

mark.Thereasonsforthesurge(22)fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofchinaand

Indiatowidespread(23)inoil-producingregions,includingIraqandNigeria'sdeltaregion.

Tripie-digitoilpriceshave(24)theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,(25)

someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities,(26)

majorimporters-includingchinaandIndia,hometoathirdoftheworld'spopulation-(27)

risingeconomicandsocialcosts.Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral(28)of

globalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto(29)scarcesupplies,and

arewillingtodealwithanygovernment,(30)howunpleasant,todoit.

Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeingJosttocorruption,(31)these

countriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunby

foreigngovernments,(32)someinthewestseeasanewthreat.

CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil33,achange

reflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits,

(34)costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.(35)itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,it

hasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.Germanexports

toRussia(36)128percentfrom2001to2006.

IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesrose(37)higherinthespringof2008,the

issuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama(38)fora

federalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto

(39)salesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems(40)thecountryreporteda

sharpincreaseinriders.

21.A.comeB.goneC.crossedD.arrived

22.A.coveredB.discoveredC.arrangedD.ranged

23.A.intensityB.infinityC.insecurityD.instability

24.A.drawnB.redrawnC.retainedD.reviewed

25.A.fightingB.strugglingC.challengingD.threatenin

26.A.andB.whileC.thusD.though

27.A.confineB.conflictC.conformD.confront

28.A.problemB.questionC.matterD.event

29.A.lookforB.lockupC.sendoutD.keepoff

30.A.nomatterB.whatifC.onlyifD.inspiteof

31.A.abolishingB.deprivingC.destroyingD.eliminating

32.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom

33.A.interestsB.taxesC.incomesD.revenues

34.A.asmanyasB.asgoodasC.asfarasD.aswellas

35.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.As

36.A.advancedB.grewC.reducesD.multiplie

37.A.evenB.stillC.ratherD.fairly

38.A.askingB.requestingC.callingD.demanding

39.A.changeB.turnC.shiftD.transform

46.A.forB.fromC.acrossD.Over

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40%)

Direction:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.You

shoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwith

apencil.

PASSAGE1.

HenricIbsen,authoroftheplaynADoll'sHouse”,inwhichapretty,helplesshousewife

abandons.Herhusbandandchildrentoseekamoreseriouslife,wouldsurelyhaveapproved..

FromJanuary1st,2008,allpubliccompaniesinNorwayareobligedtoensurethatatleast40%of

theirboarddirectorsarewomen.Mostfirmshaveobeyedthelaw,whichwaspassedin2OO3.But

about75outofthe480orsocompaniesitaffectsarestilltoomaleforthegovernmentsliking.

TheywillshortlyreceivealetterinformingthemthattheyhaveuntiltheendofFebruarytoact,

orfacethelegalconsequences-whichcouldincludebeingdissolved.

Beforethelawwasproposed,about7%ofboardmembersinNorwaywerefemale,accordingto

theCentreforCorporateDiversity.Thenumberhassincejumpedto36%.Thatisfarhigherthan

theaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeorAmerica's15%fortheFortune

500.Norway*sstockexchangeanditsmainbusinesslobbyopposethelaw,asdomany

businessmen.HIamagainstquotasforwomenormenasamatterofprinciple/*saysSverre

Munck,headofinternationaloperationsatamediafirm."Boardmembersofpubliccompanies

shouldbechosensolelyonthebasisofmeritandexperience/*besays.Severalfirmshaveeven

givenuptheirpublicstatusinordertoescapethenewlaw.

Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1,000womeninfouryears.Manycomplainthatithasbeen

difficulttofindexperiencedcandidates.Becauseofthis,someofthebestwomenhavecollectedas

manyas25-35directorshipseach,andareknowninNorwegianbusinesscirclesasthengolden

skirts**.Onereasonforthescarcityisthattherearefairlyfewwomeninmanagementin

Norwegiancompanies™theyoccupyaround15%ofseniorpositions.Ithasbeenparticularlyhard

forfirmsintheoil,technologyandfinancialindustriestofindwomenwithaenoughexperience.

Somepeopleworrythattheirrelativelackofexperiencemaykeepwomenquietonboards,and

thatinturncouldmeanthatboardsmightbecomelessabletoholdmanagerstoaccount.Recent

historyinNorway,however,suggeststhattherightwomencanmakestrongdirectors.nWomen

feelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomework/*saysMsRekstenSkaugen,whowasvoted

Norway'schairmanoftheyearfor2007,"andwecanaffordtoaskthehardquestions,because

womenarenotalwaysexpectedtoknowtheanswers.**

41.TheauthormentionsIbsen*splayinthefirstparagraphinorderto??????????.

A.depictwomen*sdilemmaatwork

B.explainthenewlypassedlaw

C.supportNorwegiangovernment

D.introducethetopicunderdiscussion

42.Apubliccompanythatfailstoobeythenewlawcouldbeforcedto??????????.

A.payaheavyfine

B.closedownitsbusiness

C.changetoaprivatebusiness

D.signadocumentpromisingtoact

43.TowhichofthefollowingisSverreMunckmostlikelytoagree?

A.Asetratioofwomeninaboardisunreasonable.

B.Areasonablequotaforwomenatworkneedstobeset.

C.Acommonprincipleshouldbefollowedbyallcompanies.

D.Aninexperiencedbusinessmanisnotsubjecttothenewlaw.

44.Theauthorattributesthephenomenonofngoldenskirts,1to???????????.

A.thesmallnumberofqualifiedfemalesinmanagement

B.theover-recruitmentoffemalemanagersinpubliccompanies

C.theadvantagewomenenjoywhencompetingforseniorpositions

D.thediscriminationtowardwomeninNorwegianbusinesscircles

45.Themainideaofthepassagemightbe????????.

A.femalepowerandliberationinNorway

B.thesignificanceofHenricIbsen'splay

C.women'sstatusinNorwegianfirms

D.theconstitutionofboardmembersinNorway

PASSAGE2

Whilethere*sneveragoodagetogetcancer,peopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularly

isolated.Theaverageageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroftenare

treatedatpediatric（zbJL科的）cancercenters,butyoungadultshaveatoughtimefindingpeers,

oftensittingside-by-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewhocouldbetheirgrandparents.

InhernewbookCrazySexyCancerTips,writerKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromtheperspective

ofayoungadultwhoconfrontsdeathjustasshe'sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31whenshewas

diagnosedwithararefromofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverandlungs.

Ms.Carrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshockandsadness.Shecalledherparentsand

stockeduponorganicfood,determinedtobecomeanfull-timehealingaddict."Thenshepicked

upthephoneandcalledeveryoneinheraddressbook,askingiftheyknewotheryoungwomen

withcancer.Theresultwasherownpersonal“cancerpossen:arockconcerttourmanager,a

model,afashionmagazineeditor,acartoonistandaMTVcelebrity,tonameafew.Thisclubof?

Hcancerbabes“offeredsupport,adviceandfashiontips,amongotherthings.

Ms.CarrputhercancerexperienceinarecentLearningChanneldocumentary,andshehas

writtenapracticalguideabouthowshecoped.Cancerisn'tfunny,butMs.Carroftenis.She

swears,shemakesupnamesforthepeoplewhotreather(Dr.FabulousandDr.Guru),andshe

evenmakessecondsoundfun("cancerroadtrips/1shecallsthem).

Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctors,insteadofferinginsightfulandpracticaltipsthatreflect

theworldviewofayoungadult.nIrefusedtoletcancerruinmypartyJshewrites.nThereare

justtoomanycoolthingstodoandplanandlivefor.”

Ms.Carrstillhascancer,butithasstoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusing

time-savingmasse-mailstokeepfriendsinformed,sewingorbuyingfashionablehospitalgowns

soyou'renotstuckwithregulationblueorgrayandplayingGloriaGaynor'snIWillSurvive**so

loudyouneighborscallthepolice.Ms.Carralsoadvisesaneyebrowwaxandanewoutfitbefore

youtelltheimportantpeopleinyourillness.Mpeopleyoutellaregoingtocautiousandnotso

cautiouslytrytoseethecancer,sodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracle,nshewrites.

Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficial,itgetstotheheartofwhateverycancerpatientwants:

thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdid,andmaybebetter.

46.Whichofthefollowinggroupsismorevulnerabletocancer?

A.Children.

B.Peopleintheir20sand30s.

C.Youngadults.

D.Elderlypeople.

47.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT.

A.KrisCarrisafemalewriter

B.KrisCarrismorethan31-year-old.

C.KrisCarrworksinacancercenter.

D.KrisCarrisveryoptimistic.

48.ThephraseHcancerpossen(Line4,para.3)probablyrefersto

A.acancerresearchorganization

B.agroupofpeoplewhosufferfromcancer

C.peoplewhohaverecoveredfromcancer

D.peoplewhocopewithcancer

49.KrisCarrmakeupnamesforthepeoplewhotreatherbecause

A.sheisdepressedandlikesswearing

B.sheisfunnyandlikesplayingjokesondoctor

C.shewantstoleavethemedicaladvicetodoctor

D.shetriestoleaveagoodimpressionondoctor

50.FromKrisCarr'scancertipswemayinferthat

A.shelearnedtousee-mailsaftershegotcancer

B.shewearsfashionabledressevenaftersufferingfromcancer

C.hospitalgownsforcancerpatientsareusuallynotinbrightcolors

D.theneighborsareveryfriendlywithcancerpatients

PASSAGES

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesat

theheartofJosephNye'snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovernment

atHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownfor

promotingtheideaof“softpowern,basedonpersuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointtonhard

power**,basedoncoercion（强迫）andforce.

Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhisprevious

books,Mr.Nyehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,in

boththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthatHoneoughttobeboth

fearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthan

loved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodemleadershiptheoristshavecome

totheoppositeconclusion.

Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpoweris

becomingoutdated.Inmodemcompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedand

traditionalhierarchies（等级制）arebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermore

important.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Mr.Nye

argues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowersto

Lead9hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhe

calls^smartpower”,isthebestapproach.

Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,theatransformational

leadershippattern”.Anoneallergic（反感）tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningforthe

exit,butMr,Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevarious

academicstudiesandtheoriesofleadcrishipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferent

approachestoleadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminethe

effectivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplentyofanecdotesandexamples,bothhistoricaland

contemporary,politicalandcorporate.

Alsa9Ieadershipisaslipperysubject9andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquite

nailsthejellytothewalLHeisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsof

leadershipinparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaders?tolie

-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecumingthemeisthatas

circumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadersarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinone

environmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.UItimatelythatisjustafancywayofsaying

thatleadershipoffersnoeasyanswers.

51.FromthefirsttwoparagraphswemaylearnthanMr.Machiavelli^ideaofhardpoweris

A.weilacceptedbyJosephNye

B.veryinfluentialtillnowadays

C.basedonsoundtheories

D.contrarytothatofmodemleadershiptheorists

52.WhichofthefollowingmakessoftpowermoreimportanttodayaccordingtoMr.Nye?

A.Coercioniswidespread.

B.Moralityisdevalued.

C.Powerisnolongerconcentrated.

D.Traditionalhierarchiesarestrengthened

53.1nhisbookthePowerstolead,Mr.Nyehasexminedallthefollowingaspectsofleadership

EXCEPT.

A.authority

B.context

C.approaches

D.morality

54.Mr.Nyefsbookisparticularlyvaluableinthatit.

A.makeslittleuseofmanagementterms

B.summarizesvariousstudiesconcisely

C.servesasanexitforleadershipresearchers

D.setsamodelforcontemporarycorporateleaders

55.Accordingtotheauthor,themostinterestingpartofMr.Nye*sbookliesinhis・

A.viewofchangeableleadership

B.definitionofgoodleadership

C.summaryofleadershiphistory

D.discussionofmoralleadership

PASSAGE4

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Americansdonftliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowyoudefinejustwhatawaris.

Thereareshootingwars-thekindthattestpatriotismandcourage-andthosearethekindatwhich

theU.Sexcels.Butotherstrugglestestthosequalitiestoo.WhatelsewastheGreatDepressionor

thespaceraceortheconstructionoftherailroads?IfAmericanindulgeinabitofflag—whenthe

jobisdone,theyearnedit.

Nowthereisasimilarchallenge.Globalwarming.Thesteadydeterioration（恶化）ofthevery

climateofthisveryplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andbyanymeasure,theU.S.

producesnearlyaquarteroftheworld'sgreenhousegaseseachyearandhasstubbornlymadeit

clearthatitdoesn'tintendtodoawholelotaboutit.Although174nationsapprovedthe

admittedlyflawedKyotoaccordstoreducecarbonlevels,theU.S.walkedawayfromthem.There

arevaguepromisesofmanufacturingfuelfromherbsorpoweringcarswithhydrogen.Butfora

countrythattightlycitespatriotismasoneofitscorevalues,theU.S.istakingapassonwhat

mightbethemostpatrioticstruggleofall.It'shardtoimagineabiggerfightthanoneforthe

survivalofacountry'scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandstabilityofitseconomy.

Therubis,ifthevastmajorityofpeopleincreasinglyagreethatclimatechangeisaglobal

emergency,there*sfarlessagreementonhowtofixit.Industryoffersitspans,whichtoooften

wouldfixlittle.Environmentalistsoffertheirs,whichtoooftenamounttonativewishliststhat

couldweakenAmerican'sgrowth.Butlet*sassumethatthoseinterestedpartiesandotherswill

alwaysbentthetableandwillalwaysdemandthattheirvoicesbeheardandthattheirneedsbe

addressed.Whatwouldanaggressive,ambitious,effectiveplanlooklike-onethatwouldleavethe

U.S.bothenvironmentallysafeandeconomicallysound?

Haltingclimatechangewillbefarharder.Oneofthemoreconservativeplansforaddressingthe

problemcallsforareductionof25billiontonsofcarbonemissionsoverthenext52year.Andyet

bydevisingaconsistentstrategythatmixesandblendspragmatism(实用主义)withambition,the

U.S.can,withoutmajordamagetotheeconomy,helphalttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeand

ensurethesurvivalofitswayoflifeforfuturegenerations.Moneywilldosomeofthework,but

what'sneededmostiswill.HI,mnotsayingthechallengeisn'talmostoverwhelming/*saysFred

Krupp.nButthisisAmerica,andAmericahasrisentothesechallengesbefore.**

56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Humanwars.

B.Economiccrisis.

C.America'senvironmentalpolicies.

D.Globalenvironmentingeneral.

57.Fromthelastsentenceofparagraph2wemaylearnthatthesurvivalofacountry'scoastsand

farms,thehealthofitspeopleandthestabilityofitseconomyis.

A.ofutmostimportance

B.afightnoonecanwin

C.beyondpeople'simagination

D.alesssignificantissue

58.Judgingfromthecontext,thewordnrubn(Line1,Para.3)probablymeans.

A.friction

B.contradiction

C.conflict

D.problem

59.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardAmerica'spoliciesonglobalwarming?

A.Critical

B.Indifferent

C.Supportive

D.Compromising

60.Theparagraphsimmediatelyfollowingthispassagewouldmostprobablydeal

with.

A.thenewbookwrittenbyFredKrupp

B.howAmericacanfightagainstglobalwarming

C.theharmfuleffectsofglobalwarming

D.howAmericacantideovereconomiccrisis

PartVWriting(20%)

Direction:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowinginformation.

Makecommentsandexpressyourownopinion.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsonAnswer

Sheet2.

Atpresent,thereisnodoubtthatshortmessageplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinourlives.

Weareallawarethat,likeeverythingelse,shortmessagehavebothfavorableandunfavorable

aspects.

Generallyspeaking,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Firstofall,infestivals,wecansend

shortmessagestowishgoodlucktootherpeopleweknow.Itbringsusalotofconvenience.In

addition,shortmessageconnectsitsuserswiththeoutsideworld.Forexample,somepeople

subscribeweatherforecastornewsshortmessages,withthem,people'slifewillbegreatly

enriched.

Butitispitythateverycoinhastwosides.Thedisadvantagesofshortmessagecan'tbeignored.

Wespendtoomuchtimeonspellingourwordsandsendingshortmessagesthatwecan'tfocuson

ourstudies.Also,youwillalwaysbeannoyedbystrangers9shortmessagesoneafteranother.

Asisknowntoall,shortmessageisneithergoodnorbaditself.Inmyopinion,wecanuseit.But

weshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeonitanddon'tletitdisturbusfromourlives.

答案

SECTION2

21-30CDDBCBDABA31-40BADDABACAC

SECTION3

41-50BBAACCCBCC51-60DCABDCAAAC

SECTION4

由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡，一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就

受到密切关注.

银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因，在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下，一般是由低

息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.

抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人，就把贷款瓜分了，并沿这样的链条出售给下一个

金融机构，这些做法都在利用高科技证券业，结果，却增加了抵押资产的风险.

金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的，最不负责任的做法，以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危

机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题，因为那是眼前利益，但

却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.

2010年考研英语二真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,

CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET/.(10points)

TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune

11,2009.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic_1—bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.The

heightenedalert_2—anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharprise

incasesinAustralia,andrising_3—inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis

“—4—"inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdirectorgeneral,—5—the

overwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,ofteninthe

_6_ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal_7_inlateApril2009,whenMexican

authoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths_8_healthyadults.As

muchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto_9—inNewYorkCity,the

southwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade

—10—warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas_11—flu

activityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe_12—testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas

(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.,ithas_13_morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmore

than600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials_14—Tamiflufor

childrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan_15—ordersfromthestatesforthenewswineflu

vaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is_16—aheadof

expectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,though

mostofthose_17—doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot_18—forpregnant

women,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother_19—.Butit

wasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,people_20—

infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.

1[A]criticized[B]appointed©commentedfD]designated

2[A]proceeded[B]activatedfC]followed[D]prompted

3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums

4[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme

5[A]with[Blin[C]from[D]by

6[A]progressfB]absence[C]presence[D]favor

7[A]realityfB]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice

8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to

9[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup

10[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until

11[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent

12[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples

1