Literal Translation And Free Translataion语言文化论文

LiteralTranslationAndFreeTranslataion语言文化论文LiteralTranslationAndFreeTranslataion语言文化论文英语和汉语是两种不同的语言。每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统，在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。然而，两种语言之间又存在一些类似性。比方在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点，所以在翻译实践中，我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。直译和意译是重要的翻译理论和基本的研究主题。直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。意译，也称为自由翻译FreeTranslataion，它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。直译LiteralTranslation与意译互相关联、互为补充，同时，它们又相互协调、相互浸透，不可分割。通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确研究，更多地认识了解到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译，在运用直译与意译的时候所应该把握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题，最终到达提高翻译能力及水平的目的。下面是学习啦我为大家精心准备的语言文化论文：LiteralTranslationAndFreeTranslataion。仅供大家参考!LiteralTranslationAndFreeTranslataion〔直译和自由翻译)全文如下：[THESIS]Howtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper?[INTRODUCTION]Peopleoftendiscussliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Welaystressonhowtohandletwodifferentkindsoflanguage.Andwhichwayoftranslationisbettertousetotranslationasentence.Especially,targetlanguagemustexpresswhatsourcelanguagemeams,distortionisnotallowed.Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwomainformsoftranslation.Theyarenotrepulsive,contrarily,theyarecomplementary.Translationliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation.Literaltranslationretainsoriginalskill.Soitisgetonfororiginal.Whenliteraltranslation,encountersomeobstades,peopleoftenusefreetranslation.Freetranslationexpressesgeneralideaoftheoriginal,andcanbeacceptedbyreaders.Agoodtranslationcompositioncontainsliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.[CONTENT]1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.2.2Literaltranslationword-for-wordtranslation.2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.3.Howtousefreetranslationproperly?3.1Ifithassometroubletounderstandasentenceinusingliteraltranslation,usefreetranslation.3.2Donnotaddpersonalenmotiontotheoriginalworks.3.3Freetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.[CONCLUTION]Ifuseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper,youwillsuccessintranslatingacomposition.[KEYWORDS]Literaltranslation/Freetranslation/Sourcelanguage/Targerlanguage/Word-for-word/Original1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwobasicskillsoftranslation.Literaltranslationreferstotranslateasentenceoriginally,keeptheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentence,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Translationwouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.Freetranslationrefersto,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,withoutpayingattentiontothedetailsandtranslationwouldalsobefluentandnatural.Freetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworks,matapheroftheoriginalandsoon.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeantodeleteoraddcontenttotheoriginalandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginalcarefully,knowitsstress,translateitnatually,expressthemeaningoftheoriginal.Freetranslationisaskillwhichtranslatorsmustknowthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmusthaveextensiveknowledge.Whentranslating,shouldnotuseliteraltranslationcompletelyorusefreetranslationcompletely.Accordingtothepassagewhichyouaretranslating,youshoulduseliteraltranslationfrequentlyandusefreetranslationwhenneccessary.Butwhatkindoftranslationisliteraltranslation?Andwhatkindoftranslationisfreetranslation?Forexle:①1)Dontlockthestabledoorafterthehourseshasbeenstolen.Literaltranslation:不要等马被盗后,才去锁楖门.Freetranslation:不要贼走关门.2)Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,noritisawaytomakesocialproblemevaporate.Literaltranslation:砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散.Freetranslation:砸镜子并不能解决实际问题.Formtheexle1),freetranslationisbetterthanliteraltranslation.Fromtheexle2),literaltranslationisbetterthanfreetranslation.Buthowtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?Thereisasentence:Translateliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation.2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.Whytranslate,ifpossible?Whatistheadvantageofliteraltranslation?Generally,rhetoricisoftenusedinapassagetomakethepassagelively.Literaltranslationretainstherhetoricoftheoriginal,soitislivelyastheoriginal.Butfreetranslationonlyexpressesthegeneralideaoforiginal,livelyrhetoricoftheoriginaldisappeared.Sogenerallyspeaking,literaltranslationisagoodchoiceintranslation.Forexle:②3)FormafatherknowandIknowthatifyouonlydigenoughapasturecanbemadefree.Literaltranslation:由于我父亲知道,我也知道,只要挖到一定程度,早晚能够在这里辟出个牧场的.Freetranslation:由于我父亲知道,我也知道,功到自然成.4)ForKinoandJuanathiswasthemeaningofmorningoftheirlives,comparableonlytothedaywhenthebabyhadbeenborn.Literaltranslation:在Kino和Juana看来,这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨,只要宝宝出生的那一天,才能够与之媲美.Freetranslation:Kino和Juana以为,这一天非常重要.Freetranslationofexles3)and4),onlyexpressthegeneralideaoftheoriginalsentences.Itistoosimple.Metaphoranddiscribtionoftheoriginalsentenceshavadissappeared.Afterfreetranslation,itwasinferioranddull.Soitisundesirable.Buttheliteraltranslationofexle3)and4)isclearerthanthefreetranslation.Actually,literaltranslationisthechiefwayoftranslation.Itisclosetotheoriginal,livelyandnatural.Itisacceptable.Acceptablenessisveryimportantintranslation.Fromtheoryoftranslationangle,translationisatheroywhichusestargetlanguagetoexpresstheidea,contentandstyleofsourcelanguage.Itshouldaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage.Translationnotonlydoesexpresstheideaandstyleoftheoriginalmessage,butalsoneedtoaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage,sothatthetranslationcaneasybeacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Becausethedifferencesoftwolanguages,sometimesitisdifficulttoretaintheideaandstyleofthesourcelanguage.Theadvantageofliteraltranslationisthatalmostlyretaintheideaandstyleoftheoriginal.Somostoftranslatorsliketouseliteraltranslation.Fromallabove,thatisthereasonoftranslateliterally,ifpossible.2.2Literaltranslationword-for-wordtranslation.Atfirst,whichkindoftranslationisword-for-wordtranslation?Word-for-wordtranslationisthat:Whentranslating,considereverywords.Everywordsofsourcelanguageistranslatedcooridnatly.Forexle:③5)Itwasanoldandraggedmoon.Word-for-wordtranslation:那是一个又老又破的月亮.6)Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Word-for-wordtranslation:他的很多思想对现代青年十分有趣.Fromtheexle5)and6),weknowword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotdoanychangestosourcelanguage.Theformisclosetotheoriginal,butitdoesnotexpressthemeaningofthesourcelanguage.Strictlyspeaking,itisnottranslation.Nevertheless,sometranslationwhichdidsomechangetosourcelanguageandthestructureoftargetlanguageisalsothesameassourcelanguage,thetranslationissmooth,butthemeaningandthestylearefarfromtheoriginal,usually,targetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatitsaid.Thisisalsoword-for-wordtranslation.Forexle:④7)Everyatomofyourfleshisasdeartomeasmyown:inpainandsicknessitwouldstillbedear.Word-for-wordtranslation:你的肉中的每一个原子，对我来讲，都像我本人一样亲;即便在病痛中，仍然是亲的.8)Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybegintobreathe.Word-for-wordtranslation:当一名老师意味着是创造的见证人，他目击人体开场呼吸，开场了生命.Translationof7)and8)aresmooth.ButtheydonotaccordwiththeexpressivewayofChinese.Itisword-for-wordtranslation.Fromallabove,word-for-wordtranslationissostarchy,goesaftertheformofsourcelanguagethatitneverthinkoftheeffectoftargetlanguage.Becauseword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage,itisobscure,hardtounderstanditevenmakestargetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatdoestranslatorwanttoexpress.Word-for-wordtranslationmakestargetlanguagereadersconfused.Itisunqualifiedtranslation.Literaltranslationalsokeepsthegeneralformofsourcelanguage,andkeepsthestructureandthemetaphoroftheoriginal.Butliteraltranslationdoesmakesomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguagesmooth,cleanandacceptable.Afterreading,targetlanguagereaderscanhavealmostthesamefeelingasthesourcelanguagereaders.Butword-for-wordtranslationonlytranslatewordbyword,itisstiffandunitelligible.Qualityofliteraltranslationisgood.Word-for-wordtranslationisinferior.Literaltranslationandword-for-wordtranslationcangivedifferentfeelingtotargetlanguagereaders.Alltranslationwhichishardtoaccept,whichhavebadeffect,whichmessageisindistinct,whichmeaningisfarfromtheoriginalisword-for-wordtranslation.Thiskindoftranslationisabortive.Sometranslationthoughthatalltranslationkeepstheformoftheoriginalisliteraltranslation.Thatiserroneous.Theyconfusetheconceptionofliteraltranslationwithword-for-wordtranslation.Thesetranslatorstranslatelikethis:first,theylookupthemeaningofeverywordofsourcelanguageindictionary.Then,theycombinethemeaningofeveryword,neverdoanychange.Theydonotknowwhattranslationis,soword-for-wordtranslationemerge.Butexcellenttranslatorsknowthemeaningoftheoriginal.Whentranslating,theydosomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguageclearer,smoothandacceptable.Theyknowthedifferencebetweenword-for-wordtranslationandliteraltranslation.Theycanuseliteraltranslationproperly,itisaskilloftranslation.Allinall.literaltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Literaltranslationisacceptableandnimble.2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.Somesourcelanguagesentencesareverydifficulttotranslateliterally.Itonlythoughofthemeaningofsurface,translateitliterally,theresultisunintelligibleandindistinct.Somesentencesdonotaccordwithexpressivewayintargetlanguage.Differentcountryhasdifferentculture,differentlanguage,differentcustomanddifferentwaytoexpressthesamemeaning,differentlanguagehasdifferentwayaboutmetaphors,andhasdifferentidioms.InChina,peopleusuallyusesomeidiomstodescribeaneventoraperson.Sodoinabroad.ButChineseidiomsareunintelligibleinwesterncountries.Inthesesuituations,iftranslateliterally,usually,itwouldhavebadeffectandbeunacceptable.Whentargetlanguagereadersread,theycouldnotknowtheexactmeaningofsourcelanguage.Becausethemessagewhichtargetlanguageexpresswasvague.Therearetwoexles:⑤9)Oursonmustgotoschool.Hemustbreakoutofthepotthatholdusin.Literaltranslation:我们的儿子一定得进学校，他一定得打破这个把我们关在里面的罐子.Freetranslation:我们的儿子一定要上学，一定要出人头地.10)Theirlegsmoredalittlejerkily,likewell-madewoodendolls,andtheycarriedpillarsofblankfearaboutthem.Literaltranslation:他的腿轻轻痉挛地移动着，像做得很好的木偶一样，他们随身携带着黑色的恐惧柱子.Freetranslation:他们每向前迈一步，腿就抖动一下，好似精制的木偶一样，他们身上带着一股阴沉的杀气.Fromthetwoexles,literaltranslationisunintelligibleevenabsurd.Butafterhadtranslateditfreely,translationbecamecleaner,smooth,acceptableandaccordwiththecultureoftargetlanguage.Butinwhichsuituationtranslatorsshouldnottranslateliterally?Howtouseliteraltranslationcorrectly?Anysourcelanguagewhichdoesnotaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguageshouldnotuseliteraltranslation.Forexle:Inexle9),Breakoutthepotthatholeusin,itisanEnglishidiom,itmeansdosomethingsuccessful.ButhowtotranslateitintoChines?ThereisalsoanidiominChina.ItalmosthasthesamemeaningasBreakoutofthepotthatholdusin.Itis出人头地.Sowhentranslatingthatsentencetranslatorsshouldnotuseliteraltranslation,translatorsshouldusefreetranslation.Andhowtouseliteraltranslationcorrectly?First,knowsourcelanguageandtargetlanguagecultureasmuchaspossibleandtranslatorsshouldhaveextensiveknowledgewiththeproblemswhichtheoriginalwroteortalkabout,translatorsshouldbeconversant.Weoftenhaveexperiencelikethat:Becauselakeofsomeknowledgethatsomebodytalkingabout,evenafterothersexplained,westilldidnotknoworunderstand.Sobeforetranslatorstranslatingsomematerials,especiallysomeproffessionalmaterialstranslatorsmustgraspsomeknowledgeaboutthematerials.Forexle,iftranslatesomematerialsabouteconomy,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeabouteconomy;iftranslatesomematerialaboutnews,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeaboutnews;iftranslatesomeprofessionalmaterials,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeaboutthatproffession,orbeanexportofthatproffession.Iftranslatorwasamanwhodidnotknowsomethingaboutthematerialwhichhewantedtotranslate,histranslationwouldbeunqualified.Second,comprehendsourcelanguagemessagecorrectlyandthoroughly.Itisveryimportant.Translatorsshouldnotonlyknowthesurfacemeaningoftheoriginalandtranslatorsshouldreadthroughthesurface,knowwhatdoestheoriginalwanttoexpress.Ifatranslatordoesonlyknowsurfacemeaningoftheoriginalandtranslateitliterally,histranslationwouldbecorrespondingly.Aftertargetlanguagereaderreadhistranslation,theywouldbeconfuseandhavedifferentfeelingbetweentheoriginalandthetranslationorevenhaveerroneouscomprehension.Translationisdifferentfromreading.Whenwereading,itnomatterhowmuchweunderstandorcanbeunderstandorhaveerroneouscomprehension.Becauselevelofthereadersislimited.Readingisonlyafeelingofhimself.Buttranslationaffectsothers.Insteadoftheoriginalauthor,translationisamanretellsourcelanguagemassagetotargetlanguage.Sotranslatorsshouldcomprehenedthesourcelanguagemessagedeeplyandthoroughly,thenretellthemeaningofthesourcelanguagecorrectlyandclosetothesourcelanguagemessage.Ifatranslatorcomprehenedthesourcelanguagejustalittlenmbiguiously,translationwouldbedifferentfromthesourcelanguagemessage.Therefore,comprehensionisveryimportant.Iftranslatorshadfalsecomprehensiontothesourcelanguagemessage,histranslationcouldbefarfromtheoriginal.Thiswillleadhistranslationtobeunqualified.Atlast,enhanceacceptabilityoftranslation.Fromaboveweknowthattranslationshouldaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage,sothatitcanbeeasilyacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Actually,itisnotdifficulttoretainthestyleoftheoriginal.Butitisdifficulttotranslatetheoriginalaccordwithtargetlanguageexpressiveway.Atranslatorwhohasabandantexperiencecansurmountobstaclebetweentwolanguage.Anexcellenttranslatormusthavedonehisbesteffortonhistranslation.Thisistranslatorsduty.Anexcellenttranslatorhaspractisedalotonhowtohandletheproblemsintranslation.Excellenttranslationareacceptable.Fromallabove,literaltranslationisabasicskilloftranslation.Itkeepstheformofsourcelanguage,includingconstructionofsentences,mataphor.Sometimesitshoulddosomeneccessarychangetotheoriginal,makethetranslationaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage.Somakethetranslationacceptable.Atranslationwhichtranslatedliterallyisclosetotheoriginal.Butliteraltranslationisnotomnipotent.Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally,becausethesesentencescontainedidiomswhicharedifferentinsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Translatorsshouldhaveextensiveknowledge.Comprehenedsourcelanguagemessagecorrectlyandthoroughly,enhanceacceptabilityoftranslation.Iftranslatorswanttouseliteraltranslationproperlyandskillfully,theymustcomprehenedallabove,andhavesomepractice.Afterall,practiseisthemostimportantaspectintranslation.3.Howtousefreetranslationproperly?3.1Ifitwassometroubletounderstandasentenceinusingliteraltranslation,usefreetranslation.Inwhichsuituationthetranslatorscannotuseliteraltranslation?Whensomesentencesthatthewayofexpressivebetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguagearedifferent,shouldnotuseliteraltranslation.Ifuseliteraltranslation,targetlanguagereaderswouldhavesometroubletounderstand,thenmakethetranslationunacceptable.Inthesesuituation,freetranslationshouldinuse.Freetranslationexpressesthegeneralideaoftheoriginalaccordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,anddoesnotpayattentiontothedetails.Buttranslationshouldbefluentandnatural.Therearetwoexles:⑥11)IgavemyyouthtotheseaandIcamehomeandgaveher(mywife)myoldage.Literaltranslation:我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子.Freetranslation:我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了.12)MaybeKinohascutoffhisownheadanddestroyedhimself.Literaltranslation:也许Kino会割掉本人的脑袋，把本人毁了.Freetranslation:也许Kino走了绝路，本人毁了本人.Fromtheexle12),theoriginalcutoffhisheadmeanshavedonesomethingbadly,feltintopredicament.Ifatranslatortranslatedtheoriginalliterally,histranslatingwouldmaketargetlanguagereadersconfused,afterreading,targetlanguagereaderswouldfeelunacceptable.Sotranslatorsshouldusefreetranslationintheexle11)and12).Becausefreetranslationcantelltheturemeaningtotargetlanguagereaders.Somesentences,iftranslateliterallyarealsofluentandnaturalthatitseemsthesesentencesshouldtranslateliterally.Buttranslatedthesesentencesliterallycouldnotexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoriginal.Ifweusefreetranslation,effectwouldbebetterthanliteraltranslation.Freetranslationcouldexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoriginalsentences.Forexle:⑦13)Castpearlsbeforeswine.Literaltranslation:把珍珠扔到猪面前.Freetranslation:对牛弹琴.14)Barbarawasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Literaltranslation:Barbara嘴里叼着银调羹出生的.Freetranslation:Barbara出生最富贵人家.Exle13)and14)aremetaphor,havedeepmoral.Iftranslatedliterally,translationsarefluentandnatural,butitcouldnotexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoroginal,itisunadvisable.Thereisanothersuituationwhichshouldusefreetranslation:asentensethatuseidioms.Forexle:⑧15)Somethingunexpectedmayhappenangtime.Freetranslation:天有不测风云.Literaltranslation:一些没有意料到的事会随时发生.InEnglish,thissentenceisverycommon.ButiftranslateditliterallyintoChinese,itdidnotaccordwiththehabitofexpressive.Onthecontrarary,itwouldbeunitelligibleandwouldnotachivetheeffectoftheoriginal.Itwouldmaketargetlanguagereadersinappreciatable.Butintheexle15),freetranslationusedaChineseidioms,afterreadingtargetlanguagereaderswouldcomprehenedandhavenicefeeling.Sofreetranslationisagoodchoicewhenliteraltranslationcouldnotbeused.3.2Donnotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Translationisabrigebetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Taskoftranslationistoexpressthemeaningandmanifestationofthesourcelanguagemessagebytargetlanguage.Thetranslationshouldgivetargetlanguagereadersalmostthesamefeelingassourcelanguagereaders.Iftargetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereadershadalmostthesamefeelingafterreadingthetranslation,itwassuccessful.Iftargetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereadershaddifferentfeelingafterreadingthetranslation,itshowedthetranslationwasunqualified.Fromtheangleoftranslation,actually,thefeelingofreaderscanjudgeatranslation.Sothefeelingofreadersisthestandardoftranslation.Toughfreetranslationgivessomeleewaystotranslators.Translatorsshouldcomprehenedtheoriginalthoroughly,andusetheleewayscorrectly.Sometranslatorsusuallyusetheleewaysincorrectly.Theyoftenaddtheirpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Sotranslationwassubjunctiveanddifferentastheoriginal.Itwasunqualifiedtranslation.Becauseiftranslatorsaddedtheirpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworksthatthemeaningoftheoriginalmessagehadbeenchangedbytranslators.Afterreading,targetlanguagereadersmighthavedifferentfeelingbetweentranslationandtheoriginal.Thosetranslationswhichaddedtranslatorsownemotionwerenotaccordingwiththestandardoftranslation.Translationshouldavoidtoaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.3.3Freetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Freetranslationgivestranslatorssomeleeways.Translatorsshouldusethencorrectly.Notonlyshouldtranslatorscomprehenedthemeaningoftheoriginalmessage,butalsotheyshouldbeprovidedwithextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Especially,onliteratureworks,translatorsshouldbeprovidedwithliteraturetraining,andtheyalsoshouldknowextensiveliteratureknowledge.Atranslatorwhowantedtotranslatealiteraturecompositionshoulddohisefforttoaccumulatesomethingabouthistory,geography,custom,naturalstyleandfeatures,tranditionalcultureandsoonabouttheliteraturecomposition.Inadditional,translatorsshouldknowthebackgroundofageandtheauthor,styleoftheanthor.Moreextensiveknowledgethetranslatorshave,morethoroughlyhecancomprehendthemeaningoftheoriginal.Freetranslationisaskillintranslation.Translatorsshouldfirstcomprehendtheoriginalthoroughly,thentranslateitcorrectlybytargetlanguage,andacceptablelycomprehendtheoriginalthoroughlyisonthebasisofextensiveknowledgeandexcellentliteraturetraining.Somesuccessfultranslators,whentheyweretranslatingtheydidtheresearchontheoriginalauthoratthesametime.Aftertranslating,theybecameonexperttotheauthorandhiscomposition.Thisspiritisworthlytostudy.Letsseesomeexles:⑨16)Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetsgoing.Freetranslation:沧海横流方显英雄本色.Thewordsgoingandtoughhavedifferentmeaning.ThetranslatorusedasentenceinaChinesepoemtotranslatethissentence.17)Faultsarethickwhereloveisthin.Freetranslation:一朝情意淡,样样不顺眼.18)Youcanfoolallthepeoplesomeofthetimeandsomeofthepeopleallthetime,butyoucannotfoolallthepeopleallthetime.Freetranslation:骗人一夕一事易,欺众一生一世难.19)OutoftheFULLNESSoftheheartthemouthspeaks.Freetranslation:盈于心则溢于言.Theexleaboveareallfreetranslation.Translatorstranslatedthemnotonlysmoothlyandfluently,butalsoacceptableandaccordinglywithChineseculture.Inaddition,translatorsshouldknowextensiveidiomsaboutbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Differentcountrieshavedifferentidioms.Sointranslation,someidiomsareunabletotranslateliterally.Translatorsshouldchangetheoriginalformintoanotherformwhichiseasytobeacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Thereby,conveythepurposeoftheoriginalwantedtoexpress.Forexle:⑩20)WheninRome,doastheRomesdo.Freetranslation:入乡随俗.21)Acatonhotbricks.Freetranslation:热锅上的蚂蚁.22)Toexpectonessontobecomeanoutstandingpersonage.Freetranslation:望子成龙.23)Thedogthatwillfeechabonewillcarryabone.Freetranslation:以你讲别人坏话的人,也会讲你的坏话.Freetranslationdoesnotstrachytheformoftheoriginal.Iftranslatorswanttousefreetranslationproficiently.Youdbettergraspextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.CONCLUTION:Ifusingliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper,youwillsucceedintranslatingacomposition.Themostimportantintranslationisthewayinwhichhowtodearwiththecomplexproblemsofequivalencebetweenthesourceandtargetarticles.Butcompleteidentityofmessageisimportant,evenuseliteraltranslationonthedesignativelevelofimformativefunctiononecanonlyaimattheclosetapprorimotionandingeneralitisposibletoobtainafunctionallysatisfactorycorrespondace.Literaltranslationisagoodchoicetotranslatelivelyandclosely,astheoriginal.Itretainstheidea,styleandrhetoricoftheoriginal.Translatorsshouldgraspit.Literaltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Sometimes,translatorsshoulddosomechangeintranslationsothattheycanmakethetranslationmoreacceptable.Word-for-wordtranslationisunqualified.Notallsentencescantranslateliterally.Somesentences,ifusedliteraltranslationwouldnotbeaccordingwiththecultureoftargetlanguage.Especiallyforsomeidioms.Translatorsshouldhaveextensiveknowledge,comprehendtheoriginalthoroughly.Especiallyintranslatingsomeproffessionalmaterials.Freetranslationisaskill.Itneednotpaymoreattentiontotheformoftheoriginalandthedetails.Butfreetranslationshouldaccordwithtargetlanguagecultureandcustoms.Thentargetlanguagereaderscanaccepttranslationeasily.Thoughfreetranlationgivesleewaystotranslators,theyshouldnotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Becauseiftranslatorsaddedtheirownemotiontothetranslation,targetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereaderswouldhavedifferentfeeling.Sothetranslationisunqualified.Freetranslationalsoneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandt