EMBER-全球电力评论2021（英文）-2021.03正式版WN4

GLOBAL

ELECTRICITY

REVIEW

GLOBALTRENDS

Author

DaveJones

Publisheddate

March2021

AboutEmber’s

Thisannualreportanalyseselectricitydatafromeverycountryin

GlobalElectricity

theworldtogivethefirstaccurateviewoftheglobalelectricity

Review

transitionin2020.Itaggregatesgenerationdatabyfuelbycountry

from2000.68countriescomprising90%ofworldelectricity

generationhavefull-yeardatato2020andhaveformedthe

basisofanestimateforchangesinworldwidegeneration.All

remainingcountrieshavefulldataasfaras2019.G20countries,

whichcomprise84%ofworldelectricitygeneration,eachhavea

separatein-depthcountryanalysis.Allthedatacanbeviewedand

downloadedfreelyfromEmber’swebsite.

/global-electricity-review-2021

Disclaimer

Theinformationinthisreportiscompleteandcorrecttothebestof

ourknowledge,butifyouspotanerror,pleaseemail

info@

Creative

ThisreportispublishedunderaCreativeCommonsShareAlike

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AttributionLicence(CCBY-SA4.0).Youareactivelyencouraged

toshareandadaptthereport,butyoumustcredittheauthorsand

title,andyoumustshareanymaterialyoucreateunderthesame

licence.

Documentdesign&layoutbyDesignersForClimate

Windandsolardrivearecordfallincoalin2020

Butonlybecausethepandemicpausedrisingelectricitydemand

Pandemicpauseddemandgrowth

-0.1%

Wind

andsolar

helped

pushcoal

toarecord

fall

-4%

Globalemissionsstillhigherthan2015

Wind

andsolar

showed

resilient

growth

+15%

China

alonein

G20for

growing

coal

+2%

+2%

Keyfindings

Windandsolardrivearecordfallincoalin2020-butonlybecausethepandemicpausedrisingelectricitydemand

1

Pandemicpaused

electricitydemandgrowth.

Globalelectricitydemandfellslightly(-0.1%)in2020,thefirstfall

since2009.Butthispausehasalreadyended:byDecember2020,

electricitydemandwasalreadyhigherthaninDecember2019(India

+5%,EU+2%,Japan+3%,SouthKorea+2%,Turkey+3%,US+2%).

2Windandsolarshowedresilientgrowth,risingtosupplyalmostatenthofglobalelectricity.

Windandsolargenerationroserobustlyin2020by15%(+314TWh).Thismeantthatwindandsolarproducedalmostatenth(9.4%)oftheworld’selectricitylastyear,doublingfrom4.6%in2015.ManyG20countriesnowgetaroundatenthoftheirelectricityfromwindandsolar:India(9%),China(9.5%),Japan(10%),Brazil(11%),theUS(12%)andTurkey(12%).Europeisleadingtheway,withGermanyat33%andtheUnitedKingdomat29%.Indonesia,RussiaandSaudiArabiastillhavenear-zero.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 1

3

Windandsolarhelpedpush

coalpowertoarecordfall.

Coalfellarecord4%(-346TWh).Thiswassimilartotherise

inwindandsolarpowerof314TWh,morethantheUK’sentire

electricityproduction.Thisdwarfedtheaggregatechangesacross

globalelectricity:demandfell23TWh,gasandoilfell12TWh.A

riseinhydroof94TWhwasmostlycounteredbyafallof104TWh

ofnuclear.Incomparison,coalcollapsedalmosteverywhere,with

largefallsintheUS(-20%),EU(-20%)andevenIndia(-5%).

4

ChinawastheonlyG20

countrywithalargeincrease

incoalgeneration.

China’scoalgenerationroseby2%in2020.Thatwasbecause

electricitydemandgrowthcontinuedtooutstripnewclean

electricity.China’selectricitydemandwas33%higherin2020than

in2015,risingbymorethanallelectricitydemandinIndiain2020.

Acrossthosefiveyears,China’sfossil-freegenerationmetonly

54%oftheriseinelectricitydemand,so46%wasmetfromfossil

generation.ThatpushedChina’scoalgeneration19%higherinfive

years.Chinaisnowresponsibleformorethanhalf(53%)ofthe

world’scoal-firedelectricity,upfrom44%in2015.

5

Globalpowersectoremissions

werestillhigherthanin

2015,whentheParisclimateagreementwassigned.

Electricitydemandrose11%(+2536TWh)since2015,buttheincreaseincleanelectricitygeneration(+2107TWh)didn’tkeepup.Thatledtoanincreaseinoverallfossilgeneration:gas-firedelectricityrose11%(+562TWh)andcoalfellonly0.8%(-71TWh).Asaresult,powersectorCO2emissionswerearound2%higherin2020thanin2015.

Fossil-freeelectricitymetonly54%oftheriseinelectricitydemandinChina,57%inIndiaand37%inIndonesia.MeanwhileinEurope,andespeciallytheUS,coal’sfallwascausednotonlybyariseincleanelectricity,butalsoariseingasgeneration.Ofthe10%riseinglobalgasgenerationsince2015,halfofthatwasintheUnitedStates.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 2

Contents

Keyfindings

1

Contents

3

Whathappenedin2020?

5

Windandsolarcauserecordfallincoal,asdemandgrowthpaused

6

Windandsolarcollapsecoal,asChinaalonein2020coalgrowth

7

ProgresssinceParis

8

Windandsolarproducedalmostatenthoftheworld’selectricity,doublinginjustfiveyears

9

Windandsolaristakingmarketsharefromcoal

10

Windandsolarreplacingcoalmarketshareinmostcountries

11

Theworldgeneratedmoreelectricityfromfossilfuelsin2020thanfiveyearsago

12

CoaliscollapsinginOECD,buthasnotyetfinishedgrowinginAsia

13

Areweontrackfor1.5C?

14

Coalgenerationfellarecord4%in2020,butthat’sstillinsufficienttomeetclimatetargets

15

Asia’sfutureelectricitydemandgrowthhashugeimplicationsforcoalinthenext10years

16

Theworldstillhasalongwaytogotostopburningfossilfuelsforelectricity

17

Conclusion

18

Methodology

19

Disclaimer

19

Definitions

20

Historicaldata

21

Thermaldisaggregation

21

2020data

21

Worldestimate

21

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 3

“Progressisnowherenearfastenough.Despitecoal’srecorddropduringthepandemic,itstillfellshortofwhatisneeded.Coalpowerneedstocollapseby80%by2030toavoiddangerouslevelsofwarmingabove1.5degrees.Weneedtobuildenoughcleanelectricitytosimultaneouslyreplacecoalandelectrifytheglobaleconomy.Worldleadershaveyettowakeuptotheenormityofthechallenge.”

DaveJones

GlobalProgrammeLead,Ember

“Despitesomeprogress,Chinaisstillstrugglingtocurbitscoalgenerationgrowth.Fast-risingdemandforelectricityisdrivingupcoalpowerandemissions.MoresustainabledemandgrowthwillenableChinatophaseoutitslargecoalfleet,especiallytheleastefficientsub-criticalcoalunits,andprovidegreateropportunityforthecountrytoattainitsclimateaspirations.”

MuyiYang

SeniorElectricityPolicyAnalyst-Asia,Ember

“Indiahasstarteditscleanelectricitytransition.Indianowneedstorampupwindandsolarconsiderablyinthenextdecadetobothreplacecoalandmeetrisingelectricitydemand.Indiahastheopportunitytoensurethatcoalgenerationdoesn’tseearesurgenceafterthelasttwoyearsofcoalfalling.”

AdityaLolla

SeniorElectricityPolicyAnalyst-Asia,Ember

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 4

WHATHAPPENEDIN2020?

Electricitygeneratedbynewwindandsolarhelpedtoforcearecordfallinglobalcoalpowerin2020.However,thiswasonlypossiblebecausethepandemicpausedtheworld’srisingdemandforelectricity.OnlyChinasawalargeincreaseincoalin2020.

Windandsolarcauserecordfallincoalasdemandgrowthpaused

Windandsolargenerationroseby15%(+315TWh)in2020,morethantheUK’sentireelectricityproduction.Thathelpedcoaltofallarecord4%(-346TWh).

Thisdwarfedalltheotherchangestoelectricityin2020.Nucleargenerationfell4%,whilehydrogenerationrose3%duetorainyconditionsinChina,EU-27andRussia.Gasandoilgenerationregisteredaverysmallfallof0.2%(-0.9%forgas,+3.5%forotherfossil).Itwasonlythesecondyeargasgenerationfellthiscentury.

Electricitydemandremainedalmostunchangedyear-on-year,falling0.1%.Itwasonlythesecondtimethiscenturythatelectricitydemandfell;itfell0.3%in2009duetotheglobalrecession.

Theincreaseinglobalwindandsolargenerationwasthebiggesteverinabsoluteterms,risingarecord315TWh.Howeverinrelativetermsitwasthesmallestonrecord,rising15%year-on-year.Soalthoughwindandsolargenerationissteadilyrisingeveryyear,it’snotyetacceleratinginawayneededtoreachclimatetargets.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 6

Chinaisolatedastheworldturnsawayfromcoalpowerin2020

In2020,almosteveryG20countrysawariseinwindandsolargenerationandafallincoalgeneration.Thiscontributedtotherecordfallinglobalcoalgeneration.

Inmanycountries,windandsolaronlypartlycontributedtothefallincoal.Itwasalsocausedbyafallinelectricitydemand.IntheUS,electricitydemandfell2.5%,theEU-27fell3.5%,Indiafell

2.3%.This—alongsideincreasesinwindandsolargeneration—meantthatcoalgenerationsawparticularlylargefallsinthesecountries.Ifelectricitydemandgrowsrapidlyin2021,itispossiblethatwindandsolargrowthwillnotbeenoughtoensurecoalcontinuestofall.

Chinawasanexception,seeinga4%increaseinelectricitydemand,whichmeantitwastheonlyG20countrytoshowalargeincreaseincoalgeneration(+1.7%),anddespitelargegrowthinwindandsolar,cleangenerationwasunabletowhollymeetincreaseddemand.OnlyathirdofChina’sincreaseinelectricitydemandwasmetfromgainsinwindandsolargeneration,andanotherthirdfromincreasedhydro,nuclearandbioenergy,leavingtheneedforincreasedcoalgeneration.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 7

PROGRESSSINCEPARIS

Windandsolardoubledinfiveyearstogeneratealmostatenthofglobalelectricityin2020.Althoughcoal’smarketshareisfalling,absolutecoalgenerationisonly0.8%lowerthanfiveyearsago.CoaliscollapsinginOECDcountries.ButcoalstillroseinAsia;thecleanelectricityboomstillisn’tkeepingupwithfast-risingelectricitydemand.Infact,theworldgeneratedmoreelectricityfromfossilfuelsin2020thanin2015whentheParisAgreementwassigned.

Windandsolarproducedalmostatenthoftheworld’selectricity,doublinginjustfiveyears

Windandsolarproduced9.4%oftheworld’selectricityin2020.Itssharehasmorethandoubledfrom4.6%in2015,theyearwhentheParisClimateAgreementwassigned.

AsurprisingnumberofG20countriesnowproducearoundatenthoftheirelectricityfromwindandsolar:India(8.9%),China(9.5%),Japan(10.1%),Brazil(10.6%),theUS(11.6%)andTurkey(12.0%).

GermanyandtheUKareleadingtheway,with33%and28%respectively.Theyhavebecomeahotbedofinnovation,showinghowtosuccessfullyintegratehugeamountsofintermittentwindandsolarintothebroaderelectricitysystem.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 9

Windandsolararetakingmarketsharefromcoal

Acrossthelastfiveyears,windandsolarpower’scombinedmarketshareincreasedby4.8percentagepoints(from4.6%to

9.4%)andcoal’smarketsharefellby3.9percentagepoints(from37.8%to33.8%).

Theglobalmarketshareofmostotherfueltypeshasnotchangedsignificantly.

Coalremainstheworld’ssinglelargestpowersource,generating33.8%ofglobalelectricityin2020.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 10

MostG20countriesseewindandsolarreplacingcoal

AlmosteveryG20countrysawasimilarpattern—fromtheUSandEUtoChinaandIndia.

Coal’sglobalshareactuallyfellfasterthantheriseinwindandsolarbecausegasalsoreplacedcoaltosomeextentintheUSandEurope.Thismeantthatwhilecoalfellsignificantlyinthoseregions,theoverallfallinfossilfuelgenerationismuchlessimpressive.

TherewereonlythreeG20countrieswherecoal’ssharedidn’tfall;Turkey,whichreplacedgaswithcoal,andRussiaandIndonesia,whichbuiltnear-zeroamountsofwindandsolar.SaudiArabiadidn’tevenregisterchanges,asitselectricitymixwasunchangedat100%gasandoilgeneration.

Theminorfallincoal’smarketshareinFrance,ArgentinaandBrazilreflectscoal’ssmallroleintheelectricitymixinthosecountries.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 11

Theworldgeneratedmoreelectricityfromfossilfuelsin2020thanfiveyearsago

Electricitydemandrose11%(+2536TWh)since2015,buttheincreaseincleanelectricitygeneration(+2107TWh)didn’tkeepup.Thatledtoanincreaseinoverallfossilgeneration:gas-firedelectricityrose11%(562TWh)andcoalfellonly0.8%(71TWh).Soalthoughglobalcoalgenerationfellinrelativeshare,itbarelyfellinabsoluteterms.Asaresult,powersectorCO2emissionswerearound2%higherin2020thanin2015.

Theriseinfossil-freegenerationwasledbywindandsolar.Windgrew92%(+762TWh),solar232%(+589TWh),hydro13%(+490TWh),nuclearonly5%(+120TWh)andbioenergyby28%(+127TWh).

ElectricitydemandacrossAsiaros

erapidly,andfossil-freeelectricitymetonly54%oftheriseinelectricitydemandinChina,57%inIndia,37%inIndonesia.Hencetheoverallriseinfossilgenerationinthoseregions.China’selectricitydemandrose

by1880TWh(+33%)from2015to2020,whichismorethanIndia’sentireelectricitydemandin2020.

MeanwhileinEurope,andespeciallytheUS,coal’sfallwascausednotonlybyariseincleanelectricity,butalsobyariseingasgeneration.Ofthe10%riseinglobalgasgenerationsince2015,halfofthatwasintheUnitedStates.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 12

CoaliscollapsingintheOECD,buthasnotyetfinishedgrowinginAsia

ManyOECDcountriesareseeingcoalcollapse.EU-27coalgenerationhasalmosthalvedsince2015(-48%),andtheUSsawasimilarfall(-43%).Smaller,morerecentfallshavehappenedinJapan,SouthKorea,Australia,CanadaandMexico.

However,thesefallsoverthelasthalf-decadewerealmostentirelyoffsetbyrisesinIndonesia,Turkey,ChinaandIndia.Thatmeant,evenincluding2020’srecord4%fall,globalcoalgenerationwasonly0.8%lowerin2020thanin2015.

OECDcountriessawacombined23GWreductionincoalcapacityin2020.Thistrendmeansthatacross

theOECDand

EU-28

,56%ofcoalcapacityhaseitherbeenretiredsince2010,orisscheduledtoretireby2030.ThestoryinChinaisverydifferent,wherein2020alone9GWofcoalplantretirementswereoffsetbytheopeningof39GWofnewcoalcapacity.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 13

AREWEONTRACKFOR1.5°C?

Theworld’stransitionoutofcoalpowerishappeningfartooslowlytoavoidtheclimatecrisis.Coalgenerationfellarecord4%inthepandemicyearof2020,butthat’sstillinsufficienttomeetclimatetargets.With77%oftheworld’scoalelectricityinAsia,alleyesareonhowquicklyitcanreducecoalgeneration.Meanwhilefossilgasdominateselsewhereintheworld.In2020,61%oftheworld’selectricitystillcamefromfossilfuels.

Coalgenerationfellarecord4%in2020,butthat’sstillinsufficienttomeetclimatetargets

ClimateAnalytics’

analysis

ofIPCC1.5degreescenariosshowthatOECDnationsshouldendcoaluseentirelyby2030,andallcoal-firedpowerstationsmustbeshutby2040atthelatest.Thosedateswerealso

reiterated

bytheUNSecretaryGeneralinMarch2021.

TheIEA’s‘Net-Zero2050pathway’scenariofromtheir2020

WorldEnergyOutlook

isalsofairlyalignedwiththeIPCC1.5degreescenarios.Itshowsglobalunabatedcoalgenerationmustcollapsebyaround80%from2020to2030.

Thatimpliesfallsofaround14%peryear,comparedtojusta4%fallinthepandemicyearof2020.Thisisparticularlyimportantbecausecoal-firedelectricitygenerationalonecurrentlycontributesaround30%ofglobalCO2emissions,

accordingtotheIEA

.AlthoughcoaliscollapsingintheOECD,it’snotyetcollapsinginAsia.Theshareoftheworld’scoalgenerationinChinaincreasedfrom44%in2015to53%in2020.ForAsiaasawhole,ithasnowrisento77%.

Theworld’stransitionoutofcoalpowerishappeningfartooslowlytoavoidtheclimatecrisis.What’smore,theIEAevenanticipatescoalgeneration

will

reboundin2021

aselectricitydemandpicksupagain.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 15

Asia’sfutureelectricitydemandgrowthhashugeimplicationsforcoalinthenext10years

China’sriseinelectricitydemandisunparalleled,risingby71%overadecade.China’spercapitaelectricitydemandisnowhigherthantheUKandItaly.AlthoughdemandinIndiaandIndonesiahasrisensubstantially,itisstillonlyathirdoftheglobalpercapitarate.SouthKoreahasoneofthehighestpercapitaratesintheworld,twicethatofChina’sandtentimesIndiaandIndonesia’spercapitalevels.

Fossil-freeelectricitywillmeetsomeoftheelectricitydemandgrowth,buttheextentofthisremainstobeseenandtheriskoffallingbackonfossilfuelsloomslarge.

Asia’selectricitydemandgrowthisperhapsthebiggestuncertaintyofwhatwillhappentoglobalcoalgenerationinthenext10years.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 16

Theworldstillhasalongwaytogotostopburningfossilfuelsforelectricity

61%oftheworld’selectricitystillcamefromfossilfuelsin2020.Whiletheglobalfocusneedstobeonquicklyphasingoutcoalgeneration,gasandoilgenerationalsoneedtodeclinerapidly.In2020,23%oftheworld’selectricitystillcamefromgas.Afurther4%wasfromotherfossilfuels,suchasoil.

TherearefiveG20countriesthathadoverthree-quartersoftheirelectricitysuppliedfromfossilfuelsin2020:SaudiArabia(100%),SouthAfrica(89%),Indonesia(83%),Mexico(75%)andAustralia(75%).

FossiluseintheUKandEU-27electricityhasfallen,butfossilfuelsstillcontribute41%and37%respectively.EventhehistoricallycleanerelectricitysystemsofFrance,BrazilandCanadastillhavesomeelectricityfromfossilfuels.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 17

Conclusion

Theglobalelectricitytransitionisonacrashcoursewithclimatetargets.Cleanelectricityisnotyetbeingbuiltquicklyenoughtokeeppacewithrisingelectricitydemand.Windandsolarhaveprovidedthemajorityofthegrowthincleanelectricity,withhydroandnucleargenerationbarelyincreasing.Butevenaswindandsolarhaverisentonearlyatenthofworldelectricity,theirgrowthhasslowedinrecentyears.Thisslowpaceandlackofambitionislockinginrelianceonfossilfuels.

2019and2020buckedthetrendaselectricitydemandtemporarilyslowed,whichledtotworecorddropsincoalgeneration.Buteventhatwasn’tenoughtoputtheworldontarget.Electricitydemandwillundoubtedlypickupagainsoon,especiallyastheworldlookstoelectrifyallthesectorsstillrelyingonfossilfuels.

Wecan’tlet“mid-centurynet-zerotargets”distractfromtheimmediateneedtofocusonaquicktransitionoutofburningcoalforelectricity.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 18

Methodology

Summary

Thisannualreportanalyseselectricitydatafromeverycountryintheworldtogivethefirstaccurateviewoftheglobalelectricitytransitionin2020.Itaggregatesgenerationdatabyfuelbycountryfrom2000.68countriescomprising90%ofworldelectricitygenerationhavefull-yeardatato2020andhaveformedthebasisofanestimateforchangesinworldwidegeneration.Allremainingcountrieshavefulldataasfaras2019.G20countries,whichcomprise84%ofworldelectricitygeneration,eachhaveaseparatein-depthcountryanalysis.AllthedatacanbeviewedanddownloadedfreelyfromEmber’swebsite.

Adetailedmethodology

canbeaccessedhere.

Disclaimer Thedatausedinthisreportisprovidedonan‘asis’basis,andwas

assembledusingthebestavailabledataatthetimeofpublication.Wetakenoresponsibilityforerrors.Pleasedocontactusifyouspotanyerrorsorhavesuggestionsatinfo@

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 19

Methodology

Definitions

Generationdataismappedintoninegenerationtypes.

More

informationonmappingfordifferentsourcesandcountriescanbe

accessedhere

.Forthepurposeofanalysisthesegenerationtypes

areaggregatedintodifferentgroupingsasfollows

Demand

Production

Renewables

Fossils

Wind&

Hydro,Bioenergy&

Gas&

Solar

OtherRenewables

Oil

Wind

Solar¹

Hydro²

Bio

Other

Coal

Gas

Other

Nuclear

Net

energy³

Renewables4

Fossils5

Imports

Solarincludesbothsolarthermalandsolarphotovoltaicgeneration,andwherepossibledistributedsolargenerationisincluded.

²Wherepossible,hydrogenerationexcludesanycontributionfrompumpedhydrogeneration.

³Bioenergygenerationincludesgenerationfromcombustiblerenewables.Forcertainhistoricaldatasourcesallwastegeneration(renewableandnon-renewable)isnotdisaggregatedfromothercombustiblerenewablesgeneration-thishasallbeenmappedtobioenergy.

4Otherrenewablesgenerationincludesgeothermal,tidalandwavegeneration.

5Otherfossilgenerationincludesgenerationfromoilandpetroleumproducts,aswellasmanufacturedgases.

Forthepurposesofthisreport,renewablesareclassifiedinlinewiththeIPCCandincludebioenergy.However,theclimateimpactofbioenergyishighlydependentonthefeedstock,howitwassourcedandwhatwouldhavehappenedhadthefeedstocknotbeenburntforenergy.ThecurrentEUbioenergysustainabilitycriteriadonotsufficientlyregulateouthigh-riskfeedstocks

andthereforeelectricitygenerationfrombioenergycannotbeautomaticallyassumedtodeliversimilarclimatebenefitstootherrenewablessources(suchaswindandsolar)overtimescalesrelevanttomeetingthecommitmentsoftheParisAgreement.FormoreinformationpleaseseeEmber’sreports:TheBurningIssue(June2020)andPlayingwithFire(December2019).

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 20

Methodology

Historicaldata

DatafromtheUnitedStatesEnergyInformationAdministration’s(EIA)internationaldatabrowserformsthebackboneofthisreport.Withtheexceptionof

China

,

India

,

EU-27

andthe

UnitedStates

,alldatafrom2000-2019istakenfromthissource.Forsomegenerationtypesinnon-OECDcountries,2019datahadnotyetbeenpublishedbytheEIA.Whereavailable,weusednationaldatatoestimatethesevalues,otherwise,theaveragechangeforthatgenerationtypeseenover2015-2018wasaddedontothe2018generationvalue.

Thermaldisaggregation

EIAinternationaldatadoesnotdisaggregategenerationfromfossilfuels.ThiswasperformedbyEmberusingtwomethods.Ifpossible,thesplitbetweenfossilfuelswasestimatedusingtheratiosoffossilgenerationtypesin

BP’sstatisticalreviewofworld

energy

.Fossilgenerationwasdisaggregatedforanyremainingcountriesbyusingthecapacitysplitbyfossilfueltype,takenfromthe

WRI’sglobalpowerplantdatabase.

Datafor2020isestimatedusingnationalsources.Theyear-on-

2020data yearchangesingenerationforeachfueltypefromthesesourcesareaddedontothehistorical2019datatoobtainavaluefor2020.DatasourcesforArgentina,Canada,Ecuador,KazakhstanandRussiaprovidenodisaggregationofthermalgeneration-forthesecountries,estimatesofthesplitbetweendifferentgenerationtypesweremadeusingthe

IEA’smonthlyelectricitygenerationstatistics

andBP’sstatisticalreviewofworldenergy.

Worlddatafor2000-2019isthesumofallcountrydata.World

Worldestimate datafor2020isestimatedbysumminggenerationforallcountrieswherewehave2019and2020data.Togetherthiscomprises90%ofglobalgeneration.Thepercentagechangesineachfueltypefrom2019to2020arethenappliedtotheworldgenerationdatafor2019,tocreateanestimateofglobalgenerationin2020.

EMBERGLOBALELECTRICITYREVIEW2021 21

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