新版Ubuntu-命令技巧

UbuntuSkills出自Ubuntu中文〔重定向自\o"Ubuntu技巧"Ubuntu技巧〕Ubuntu命令技巧目录\l".E5.89.8D.E8.A8.80"1前言\l".E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E5.8D.87.E7.BA.A7"2安装升级\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6xxx.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E5.86.85.E5.AE.B9"2.1查看软件xxx安装内容\l".E6.9F.A5.E6.89.BE.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6.E5.BA.93.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6"2.2查找软件库中的软件\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E5.8C.85.E7.9A.84.E7.BB.9F.E8.AE.A1.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"2.3显示系统安装包的统计信息\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E5.85.A8.E9.83.A8.E5.8F.AF.E7.94.A8.E5.8C.85.E7.9A.84.E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0"2.4显示系统全部可用包的名称\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E5.8C.85.E7.9A.84.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"2.5显示包的信息\l".E6.9F.A5.E6.89.BE.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6.E5.B1.9E.E4.BA.8E.E5.93.AA.E4.B8.AA.E5.8C.85"2.6查找文件属于哪个包\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.B7.B2.E7.BB.8F.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E4.BA.86.E5.93.AA.E4.BA.9B.E5.8C.85"2.7查看已经安装了哪些包\l".E6.9F.A5.E8.AF.A2.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6xxx.E4.BE.9D.E8.B5.96.E5.93.AA.E4.BA.9B.E5.8C.85"2.8查询软件xxx依赖哪些包\l".E6.9F.A5.E8.AF.A2.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6xxx.E8.A2.AB.E5.93.AA.E4.BA.9B.E5.8C.85.E4.BE.9D.E8.B5.96"2.9查询软件xxx被哪些包依赖\l".E5.A2.9E.E5.8A.A0.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AA.E5.85.89.E7.9B.98.E6.BA.90"2.10增加一个光盘源\l".E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E6.9B.B4.E6.96.B0"2.11系统更新\l".E6.B8.85.E9.99.A4.E6.89.80.E6.9C.89.E5.B7.B2.E5.88.A0.E9.99.A4.E5.8C.85.E7.9A.84.E6.AE.8B.E9.A6.80.E9.85.8D.E7.BD.AE.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6"2.12去除所有已删除包的残馀配置文件\l".E7.BC.96.E8.AF.91.E6.97.B6.E7.BC.BA.E5.B0.91h.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6.E7.9A.84.E8.87.AA.E5.8A.A8.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86"2.13编译时缺少h文件的自动处理\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6.E6.97.B6.E4.B8.8B.E8.BD.BD.E5.8C.85.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.B4.E6.97.B6.E5.AD.98.E6.94.BE.E7.9B.AE.E5.BD.95"2.14查看安装软件时下载包的临时存放目录\l".E5.A4.87.E4.BB.BD.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E7.9A.84.E6.89.80.E6.9C.89.E5.8C.85.E7.9A.84.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"2.15备份当前系统安装的所有包的列表\l".E4.BB.8E.E4.B8.8A.E9.9D.A2.E5.A4.87.E4.BB.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85.E5.8C.85.E7.9A.84.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6.E6.81.A2.E5.A4.8D.E6.89.80.E6.9C.89.E5.8C.85"2.16从上面备份的安装包的列表文件恢复所有包\l".E6.B8.85.E7.90.86.E6.97.A7.E7.89.88.E6.9C.AC.E7.9A.84.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6.E7.BC.93.E5.AD.98"2.17清理旧版本的软件缓存\l".E6.B8.85.E7.90.86.E6.89.80.E6.9C.89.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6.E7.BC.93.E5.AD.98"2.18清理所有软件缓存\l".E5.88.A0.E9.99.A4.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E4.B8.8D.E5.86.8D.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E7.9A.84.E5.AD.A4.E7.AB.8B.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6"2.19删除系统不再使用的孤立软件\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.8C.85.E5.9C.A8.E6.9C.8D.E5.8A.A1.E5.99.A8.E4.B8.8A.E9.9D.A2.E7.9A.84.E5.9C.B0.E5.9D.80"2.20查看包在效劳器上面的地址\l".E5.BD.BB.E5.BA.95.E5.88.A0.E9.99.A4Gnome"2.21彻底删除Gnome\l".E5.BD.BB.E5.BA.95.E5.88.A0.E9.99.A4KDE"2.22彻底删除KDE\l".E4.B8.80.E9.94.AE.E5.AE.89.E8.A3.85_LAMP_.E6.9C.8D.E5.8A.A1"2.23一键安装LAMP效劳\l".E5.88.A0.E9.99.A4.E6.97.A7.E5.86.85.E6.A0.B8"2.24删除旧内核\l".E5.AF.BC.E5.85.A5ppa.E6.BA.90.E7.9A.84key.E5.80.BC"2.25导入ppa源的key值\l".E5.A2.9E.E5.8A.A0.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AAppa.E6.BA.90"2.26增加一个ppa源\l".E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E5.8D.87.E7.BA.A7"2.27系统升级\l".E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F"3系统\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.86.85.E6.A0.B8"3.1查看内核\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E6.98.AF32.E4.BD.8D.E8.BF.98.E6.98.AF64.E4.BD.8D"3.2查看系统是32位还是64位\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8BUbuntu.E7.89.88.E6.9C.AC"3.3查看Ubuntu版本\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.86.85.E6.A0.B8.E5.8A.A0.E8.BD.BD.E7.9A.84.E6.A8.A1.E5.9D.97"3.4查看内核加载的模块\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8BPCI.E8.AE.BE.E5.A4.87"3.5查看PCI设备\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8BUSB.E8.AE.BE.E5.A4.87"3.6查看USB设备\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.BD.91.E5.8D.A1.E7.8A.B6.E6.80.81"3.7查看网卡状态\l".E6.BF.80.E6.B4.BB.E7.BD.91.E5.8D.A1.E7.9A.84_Wake-on-LAN"3.8激活网卡的Wake-on-LAN\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8BCPU.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"3.9查看CPU信息\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E7.A1.AC.E4.BB.B6.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"3.10显示当前硬件信息\l".E8.8E.B7.E5.8F.96CPU.E5.BA.8F.E5.88.97.E5.8F.B7.E6.88.96.E8.80.85.E4.B8.BB.E6.9D.BF.E5.BA.8F.E5.88.97.E5.8F.B7"3.11获取CPU序列号或者主板序列号\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E5.A4.A7.E5.B0.8F"3.12显示当前内存大小\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E6.B8.A9.E5.BA.A6"3.13查看硬盘温度\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E8.BF.90.E8.A1.8C.E6.97.B6.E9.97.B4"3.14显示系统运行时间\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E9.99.90.E5.88.B6"3.15查看系统限制\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.86.85.E6.A0.B8.E9.99.90.E5.88.B6"3.16查看内核限制\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E5.B1.8F.E5.B9.95.E5.88.86.E8.BE.A8.E7.8E.87"3.17查看当前屏幕分辨率\l".E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98"4硬盘\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA"4.1查看硬盘的分区\l".E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA"4.2硬盘分区\l".E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E6.A0.BC.E5.BC.8F.E5.8C.96"4.3硬盘格式化\l".E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E6.A3.80.E6.9F.A5"4.4硬盘检查\l".E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA.E6.8C.82.E8.BD.BD"4.5分区挂载\l".E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA.E5.8D.B8.E8.BD.BD"4.6分区卸载\l".E5.8F.AA.E8.AF.BB.E6.8C.82.E8.BD.BDntfs.E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA"4.7只读挂载ntfs分区\l".E5.8F.AF.E5.86.99.E6.8C.82.E8.BD.BDntfs.E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA"4.8可写挂载ntfs分区\l".E6.8C.82.E8.BD.BDfat32.E5.88.86.E5.8C.BA"4.9挂载fat32分区\l".E6.8C.82.E8.BD.BD.E5.85.B1.E4.BA.AB.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6"4.10挂载共享文件\l".E6.8C.82.E8.BD.BDISO.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6"4.11挂载ISO文件\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8BIDE.E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"4.12查看IDE硬盘信息\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E8.BD.AFraid.E9.98.B5.E5.88.97.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"4.13查看软raid阵列信息\l".E5.8F.82.E7.9C.8B.E7.A1.ACraid.E9.98.B5.E5.88.97.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"4.14参看硬raid阵列信息\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8BSATA.E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"4.15查看SATA硬盘信息\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E5.89.A9.E4.BD.99.E7.A9.BA.E9.97.B4"4.16查看硬盘剩余空间\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.9B.AE.E5.BD.95.E5.8D.A0.E7.94.A8.E7.A9.BA.E9.97.B4"4.17查看目录占用空间\l".E4.BC.98.E7.9B.98.E6.B2.A1.E6.B3.95.E5.8D.B8.E8.BD.BD"4.18优盘没法卸载\l".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6.E6.9D.A5.E5.A2.9E.E5.8A.A0.E4.BA.A4.E6.8D.A2.E7.A9.BA.E9.97.B4"4.19使用文件来增加交换空间\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.A1.AC.E7.9B.98.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E8.AF.BB.E5.86.99.E6.83.85.E5.86.B5"4.20查看硬盘当前读写情况\l".E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"5进程\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E6.83.85.E5.86.B5"5.1查看当前的内存使用情况\l".E8.BF.9E.E7.BB.AD.E7.9B.91.E8.A7.86.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E6.83.85.E5.86.B5"5.2连续监视内存使用情况\l".E5.8A.A8.E6.80.81.E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.E6.89.A7.E8.A1.8C.E6.83.85.E5.86.B5"5.3动态显示进程执行情况\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E6.9C.89.E5.93.AA.E4.BA.9B.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"5.4查看当前有哪些进程\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.E7.9A.84.E5.90.AF.E5.8A.A8.E6.97.B6.E9.97.B4"5.5查看进程的启动时间\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E7.9B.AE.E5.89.8D.E7.99.BB.E5.85.A5.E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E8.BF.90.E8.A1.8C.E7.9A.84.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"5.6查看目前登入用户运行的程序\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F.E5.AE.9E.E9.99.85.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E5.8D.A0.E7.94.A8.EF.BC.8C.E5.B9.B6.E6.8E.92.E5.BA.8F"5.7查看当前用户程序实际内存占用，并排序\l".E7.BB.9F.E8.AE.A1.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F.E7.9A.84.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E8.80.97.E7.94.A8"5.8统计程序的内存耗用\l".E6.8C.89.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E4.BB.8E.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.B0.E5.B0.8F.E6.8E.92.E5.88.97.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"5.9按内存从大到小排列进程\l".E6.8C.89cpu.E5.88.A9.E7.94.A8.E7.8E.87.E4.BB.8E.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.B0.E5.B0.8F.E6.8E.92.E5.88.97.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"5.10按cpu利用率从大到小排列进程\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.E6.A0.91"5.11查看当前进程树\l".E4.B8.AD.E6.AD.A2.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AA.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"5.12中止一个进程\l".E5.BC.BA.E5.88.B6.E4.B8.AD.E6.AD.A2.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AA.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.28.E5.9C.A8.E4.B8.8A.E9.9D.A2.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.E4.B8.AD.E6.AD.A2.E4.B8.8D.E6.88.90.E5.8A.9F.E7.9A.84.E6.97.B6.E5.80.99.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.29"5.13强制中止一个进程(在上面进程中止不成功的时候使用)\l".E5.9B.BE.E5.BD.A2.E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F.E4.B8.AD.E6.AD.A2.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AA.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"5.14图形方式中止一个程序\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.E6.89.93.E5.BC.80.E7.9A.84.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6"5.15查看进程翻开的文件\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E5.BC.80.E5.90.AF.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6abc.txt.E7.9A.84.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"5.16显示开启文件abc.txt的进程\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA22.E7.AB.AF.E5.8F.A3.E7.8E.B0.E5.9C.A8.E8.BF.90.E8.A1.8C.E4.BB.80.E4.B9.88.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"5.17显示22端口现在运行什么程序\l".E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BAnsd.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B.E7.8E.B0.E5.9C.A8.E6.89.93.E5.BC.80.E7.9A.84.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6"5.18显示nsd进程现在翻开的文件\l".E5.9C.A8.E5.BE.8C.E5.8F.B0.E8.BF.90.E8.A1.8C.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F.EF.BC.8C.E9.80.80.E5.87.BA.E7.99.BB.E5.BD.95.E5.BE.8C.EF.BC.8C.E5.B9.B6.E4.B8.8D.E7.BB.93.E6.9D.9F.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"5.19在后台运行程序，退出登录后，并不结束程序\l".E5.9C.A8.E5.90.8E.E5.8F.B0.E8.BF.90.E8.A1.8C.E4.BA.A4.E4.BA.92.E5.BC.8F.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F.EF.BC.8C.E9.80.80.E5.87.BA.E7.99.BB.E5.BD.95.E5.90.8E.EF.BC.8C.E5.B9.B6.E4.B8.8D.E7.BB.93.E6.9D.9F.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"5.20在后台运行交互式程序，退出登录后，并不结束程序\l".E8.AF.A6.E7.BB.86.E6.98.BE.E7.A4.BA.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F.E7.9A.84.E8.BF.90.E8.A1.8C.E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF"5.21详细显示程序的运行信息\l".E5.A2.9E.E5.8A.A0.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E6.9C.80.E5.A4.A7.E6.89.93.E5.BC.80.E6.96.87.E4.BB.B6.E4.B8.AA.E6.95.B0"5.22增加系统最大翻开文件个数\l".E6.B8.85.E9.99.A4.E5.83.B5.E5.B0.B8.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"5.23去除僵尸进程\l".E5.B0.86.E5.A4.A7.E4.BA.8E120M.E5.86.85.E5.AD.98.E7.9A.84php-cgi.E9.83.BD.E6.9D.80.E6.8E.89"5.24将大于120M内存的php-cgi都杀掉\l"Linux.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E4.B8.AD.E5.A6.82.E4.BD.95.E9.99.90.E5.88.B6.E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8BCPU.E5.8D.A0.E7.94.A8.E7.8E.87"5.25Linux系统中如何限制用户进程CPU占用率\l"ADSL"6ADSL\l".E9.85.8D.E7.BD.AE_ADSL"6.1配置ADSL\l"ADSL.E6.89.8B.E5.B7.A5.E6.8B.A8.E5.8F.B7"6.2ADSL手工拨号\l".E6.BF.80.E6.B4.BB_ADSL"6.3激活ADSL\l".E6.96.AD.E5.BC.80_ADSL"6.4断开ADSL\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E6.8B.A8.E5.8F.B7.E6.97.A5.E5.BF.97"6.5查看拨号日志\l".E5.A6.82.E4.BD.95.E8.AE.BE.E7.BD.AE.E5.8A.A8.E6.80.81.E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D"6.6如何设置动态域名\l".E7.BD.91.E7.BB.9C"7网络\l".E6.A0.B9.E6.8D.AEIP.E6.9F.A5.E7.BD.91.E5.8D.A1.E5.9C.B0.E5.9D.80"7.1根据IP查网卡地址\l".E6.A0.B9.E6.8D.AEIP.E6.9F.A5.E7.94.B5.E8.84.91.E5.90.8D"7.2根据IP查电脑名\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8DIP.E5.9C.B0.E5.9D.80"7.3查看当前IP地址\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E5.A4.96.E7.BD.91.E7.9A.84IP.E5.9C.B0.E5.9D.80"7.4查看当前外网的IP地址\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E7.9B.91.E5.90.AC80.E7.AB.AF.E5.8F.A3.E7.9A.84.E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"7.5查看当前监听80端口的程序\l".E6.9F.A5.E7.9C.8B.E5.BD.93.E5.89.8D.E7.BD.91.E5.8D.A1.E7.9A.84.E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.9C.B0.E5.9D.80"7.6查看当前网卡的物理地址\l".E5.90.8C.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.AA.E7.BD.91.E5.8D.A1.E5.A2.9E.E5.8A.A0.E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E4.B8.AAIP.E5.9C.B0.E5.9D.80"7.7同一个网卡增加第二个IP地址\l".E7.AB.8B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