09年12月四级听力文本(第四套)

09年12月四级听力文本(第四套)LtD09年12月四级听力Shortconversation11.M:Excuseme,doyouhavechangeforaten-dollarnote?Ineedtopaytheparkingmeter.W:I’msorry,butIthinkyoucangetitthroughthemoneychangerintheshoppingcenteracrossthestreet.Q:Whatisthemantryingtodo?12.M:Canyourecommendsomethingthataschoolboyof7or8willreallylike?W:I’dsuggestthistoytrain,sir.It’sanexcellentbrand.Verypopularallovertheworldthesedays.Q:Whatisthemandoing?13.W:Doyouletpeopleknowwhenyou’retakingpicturesofthem?M:Itrynotto.Youknowanypictureofapersonwhoposesforthecamerawouldlookdullandunnatural.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?sinceIworkduringtheday.W:Aha.Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing?M:No.W:Oh!Well,dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming.M:Oh,Isee.Well,whenisitgiven?IhopeitisnotonThursdays.W:Well,there’saclassthatmeetsonMondayeveningsat7.M:Justonceaweek?W:Yes.Butthat’salmost3hoursfrom7to9:45.M:Oh!Well,that’sallright,Icouldmanagethat.Howmanyweeksdoesthecourselast?W:Mm,letmesee.12weeks.YoustartthefirstweekendsSeptemberandfinish…Oh..justbeforeChristmas,December21st.M:Andhowmuchisthecourse?W:That’s300dollarsincludingthenecessarycomputertime.M:Ah-hum.Okay,Eh,wheredoIgotoregister?W:RegistrationisonthesecondandthirdofSeptemberbetween6and9inFrostHall.M:Isthattheroundbuildingbehindtheparkinglot?W:Yes,that’stheone.M:Oh,Iknowhowtogetthere.IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?W:No,justyourcheckbook.M:Well,thankyousomuch.W:You’reverywelcome.Bye!M:Bye!Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q19:Whydoesthemanchoosetotakeaneveningcourse?Q20:Whatdoesthemanhavetodobeforetakingthecourseofcomputerprogramming?Q21:Whatdowelearnaboutthescheduleofeveningcourse?Q22:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?W:So,whyexactlydoesyourjobhavereputationforbeingstressful?M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituationandthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?M:Iveryrarelydoanythingwork-relatedsoit’seasytoescapethemarkets.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyifIhadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatake-away.Todosomethingmybrainwillregardascreative.W:Doyouthinkwhatyoudotorelaxisaneffectivewaytobeatstress?M:Idon’tthinkthereisaspecificruleabouthowtobeatstress.IgenerallyfindoutwhatIdoiseffectiveforme.W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostress-relatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstressisagoodthing.Andifusedtherightwaycanactuallybeapositivething.W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?M:Havingsaidallthat,Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Ienjoymentalchallenge.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.Howyoudealwithandmanagethoseemotionsdictatesshortmediumandlongtermtradingperformanceandsuccess.Q23-25Q23.Whatistheman’sjob?Q24.Whydoesthemanprefertocookamealratherthanhaveatake-away?Q25.Whatdoesthemansayaboutanelementofstressinhisjob?SectionBPassageOneSinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetwasjustahopefuldream.Butnowtheyarebeginningtolocateplaceswherelifecouldform.In1997,theysawevidenceofplanetsnearotherstarslikethesun.Butscientistsnowthinkthatlifecouldbeevennearerinourownsolarsystem.OneplacescientistsarestudyingverycloselyisEuropa,amoonofJupiter.SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface.TheprobeshavealsomadethescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.Waterandheatfromvolcanicactivityaretwobasicconditionsneededforlifetoform.Athirdiscertainbasicchemicalssuchascarbon,oxygenandnitrogen.ScientistsbelievetheremightbesuchchemicalslyingatthebottomofEuropa’socean.Theymayhavealreadycreatedlife,ormaybeaboutto.Youmaywonderiflightisalsoneedforlifetoform.Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalinblackness,suchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflifehavebeenseenthere.SothelackoflightinEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceandoesn’tautomaticallyruleoutlifeforming.26.Whatdidscientistsoncebelieveaccordingtothepassage?27.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutEuropa,amoonofJupiter?28.Whathavescientistscometoknowrecentlyabouttheformationoflife?PassageTwoInherearlydaysasanemergencyroomphysician,Dr.JoannaMeyertreatedachildwhohadsufferedaseconddegreeburn.Afterthechildhadbeentreated,andwasbeingpreparedfordischarge,Dr.Meyertalkedtotheparentsabouthowtheyshouldcareforthechildathome,alsolisteningtoherwerehalffadozenfamilymembers.Afewhourslater,whenshecametosaygoodbye,thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’vebeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven.“AsItalkedtothem,Iwasamazed.”shesaid,“AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhadgivenjustafewhoursbefore.Buttheyhadthreeorfourdifferentversions.Themostbasicdetailswereunclearandconfusing.Iwassurprised,becausethesewereintelligentpeople.”ThisepisodegaveDr.Meyerherfirstcluetosomethingeverydoctorlearnssoonerorlater–mostpeoplejustdon’tlistenverywell.Nowadays,shesays,sherepeatsherinstructions,andevenconductsarealitycheckwithsomepatients.Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinkthey’resupposedtodo.Shealsoprovidestake-homesheets,whicharecomputerprintouts,tailoredtothepatients’situation.Dr.Meyer’slistenersarenotunusual.Whennewordifficultmaterialispresented,almostalllistenersarefacedwithachallenge,becausehuman’sspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword.Oralcommunicationisfast-movingandimpermanent.Question29-31Q29.Whatdidthechild’sfamilymembersargueaboutinthehospital?Q30.WhatdoesDr.Meyerdotoensureherpatientsunderstandherinstructions?Q31.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthumanspeech?Passage3Itislogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefits,andjobsecuritymotivateworkers.Butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers,theyaremerelysatisfiers.Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,therearealwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobs,andlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.Sohowdomanagersmotivatepeopleinsuchjobs?Onesolutionistogivethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasateam.Forexample,somesupermarketscombineofficestaff,thepeoplewhofilltheshelves,andthepeoplewhoworkatthecheckoutintoateam.Andletthemdecidewhatproductlinestostock,howtodisplayth