版权说明：本文档由用户提供并上传，收益归属内容提供方，若内容存在侵权，请进行举报或认领
文档简介
MAKINGTHETRANSITIONTOZERO-EMISSIONMOBILITY
Enablingfactorsforalternatively-poweredcarsandvansintheEuropeanUnion
2
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
Mostfiguresareforthefullyear2021andchartprogressoverthepastfiveyears(ascomparedwithfullyear2017).
1.MARKETUPTAKEALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDCARSANDVANS
•Electrically-chargeablecarsales–batteryelectricandplug-inhybridscombined–accountfor18%ofallnewcarsalesintheEU.
•Hybridvehiclesmadeupalmost20%oftotalEUpassengercarregistrationsin2021.
•Fuelcellandnaturalgas-poweredcarsstillonlyaccountforasmallshareofEUsales(0.01%and0.4%respectively).
•Conventionalfueltypes–petrolanddiesel–stilldominatedEUcarsalesintermsofmarketshare(60%)in2021.
•Almost3%ofallvanssoldin2021werebatteryelectric,lessthan2%werehybridelectric,and0.1%wereplug-inhybrids.
•90%ofallnewlightcommercialvehiclesregisteredintheEUranondiesellastyear,withpetrolaccountingforalmost4%ofthemarket.
2.AFFORDABILITY
•Themarketuptakeofelectrically-chargeablevehiclesislargelylinkedtoacountry’sGDPpercapita,showingthataffordabilityremainsanissueforconsumers.
•CountrieswithanECVmarketshareoflessthan4%haveanaverageGDPbelow€27,000,includingEUmemberstatesinCentralandEasternEurope,butalsoCyprus.
•72%ofallelectriccarsalesareconcentratedinjustfourWesternEuropeancountries,eachofwhichhasaGDPofover€45,000.
3.INFRASTRUCTUREAVAILABILITY
•AlthoughtherehasbeenastronggrowthinthedeploymentofECVinfrastructuresince2017(+180%),thetotalnumberofchargingpointsavailableacrosstheentireEU(307,000)fallsfarshortofwhatisrequired.
•Indeed,upto6.8mpublicchargingpointswouldberequiredEU-wideby2030toreachtheproposed55%CO2reductionforpassengercars1–meaningthereshouldbeover22timesgrowthinunder10years.
•Electriccarsalesincreasedmorethan10-foldbetween2017and2021,whereasthenumberofpublicchargersintheEUgrewbythreetimesoverthesameperiod.
•Almost50%ofallchargingpointsforelectriccarsareconcentratedinonlytwoEUcountries–theNetherlands(90,000chargers)andGermany(60,000).Thesecountriesmakeuplessthan10%oftheentireEUsurfacearea.
•Theotherhalfofallchargersarescatteredthroughouttheremaining25countriescovering90%oftheregion’ssurfacearea.
•Only14%ofallchargingpointsintheEUarefastchargers.
•Therewere136hydrogenfillingstationsavailableacross10EUcountriesin2021.
•Therewere4,000naturalgasfillingstations,nearly60%ofwhichareconcentratedinItalyandGermanyalone.
©June2022ACEA
Visitwww.acea.autoformoreinformationorcontactusatcommunications@acea.auto.
1https://www.acea.auto/files/Research-Whitepaper-A-European-EV-Charging-Infrastructure-Masterplan.pdf
3
INTRODUCTION
THECONTEXT
InApril2019,theEuropeanParliamentandCounciladoptedRegulation(EU)2019/631introducingCO2emissionstandardsfornewpassengercarsandlightcommercialvehicles(vans)intheEuropeanUnion.Thisregulationsetreductiontargetsof-15%and-37.5%forthetailpipeCO2emissionsofnewly-registeredcarsfortheyears2025and2030respectively.The2030targetsetforvanswas-31%.
Lastyear–aspartofits‘Fitfor55’climatepackage–theEuropeanCommissionproposedareviewoftheRegulation,maintainingthetargetof-15%for2025,strengtheningthe2030targetto-55%,andintroducinganew-100%targetfor2035.InJune2022,boththeEuropeanParliamentandEUmemberstatesendorsedtheCO2targetsasproposedbytheEuropeanCommission.
Also,aspartofthe‘Fitfor55’package,theCommissionpublisheditsproposalforanAlternativeFuelsInfrastructureRegulation(AFIR).EUmemberstatesadoptedtheirpositiononthisinJune2022,withtheEuropeanParliamentsettovoteonthisfileinSeptember.
THEPURPOSEOFTHISREPORT
Theautoindustry’sinvestmentsinalternatively-poweredvehiclesarepayingoff.Indeed,againstlastyear’sbackdropofacontractingvehiclemarket,electrically-chargeablecarscontinuedtogainoverallmarketshare,accountingforalmost1inevery5newcarssoldacrosstheEuropeanUnion.However,thistrendcanonlybesustainedifgovernmentsstepupinvestmentsininfrastructure,andmaintainmeaningfulandsustainableincentives.
TheEuropeanAutomobileManufacturers’Association(ACEA)publishesthisstatisticalreport–nowinitsfifthedition–onanannualbasistotrackprogressonthekey‘enablingfactors’forzero-emissioncarsandvansovertime.
Thereportalsomakesanumberofcorrelations,analysingtheinfluenceofcertainfactors,suchasnationalincomeorthenumberofchargingpointsper100kmofroad,onthemarketuptakeofalternatively-poweredvehicles.
Itprovidesafactual,data-drivenpictureofprogress,bringingtogetherallavailabledatasources(ACEA,EAFO,EEA,Eurostat,IHSMarkit).Inallcasesitisthelatestavailablefull-yeardatafortheEU.
4
GLOSSARY
CONVENTIONALLY-POWEREDVEHICLES
Conventionalvehiclesusefossilfuels(dieselandpetrol)topoweraninternalcombustionengine(ICE).Bothdieselandpetrolenginesconvertfuelintoenergyviacombustion,withthemaindifferencebeingthewaythecombustionprocessoccurs.
ALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDVEHICLES
Alternatively-poweredvehicles(APVs)arevehiclespoweredbytechnologiesalternativeto,orsupplementalto,conventionalinternalcombustionenginesusingfossilfuels.ThemaintypesofAPVs,andhowtheydifferfromeachother,areexplainedbelow.
1.ELECTRICVEHICLES
Electricvehiclesincludeelectrically-chargeablevehicles(ECVs)andfuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs).Botharepropelledbyanelectricmotorbutrequireverydifferentinfrastructure.
A.Electrically-chargeablevehicles
Electrically-chargeablevehicles(ECVs)includefullbatteryelectricvehiclesandplug-inhybrids,bothofwhichrequirerecharginginfrastructurewhichconnectsthemtotheelectricitygrid.
Batteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)arefullypoweredbyanelectricmotor,usingelectricitystoredinanon-boardbatterythatischargedbypluggingintotheelectricitygrid.
Plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs)haveaninternalcombustionengine(runningonpetrolordiesel)andabattery-poweredelectricmotor.Thebatteryisrechargedbyconnectingtothegridaswellasbytheon-boardengine.Dependingonthebatterylevel,thevehiclecanrunontheelectricmotorand/ortheinternalcombustionengine.
B.Fuelcellelectricvehicles
Fuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)arealsopropelledbyanelectricmotor,buttheirelectricityisgeneratedwithinthevehiclebyafuel
cellthatusescompressedhydrogen(H2)andoxygenfromtheair.So,unlikeECVs,theyarenotrechargedbyconnectingtotheelectricitygrid.Instead,FCEVsrequirededicatedhydrogenfillingstations.
Source:ACEA
TailpipeCO2reduction
(Onaverage)
Shareof‘electrified’cars
5
2.HYBRIDELECTRICVEHICLES
Hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs)haveaninternalcombustionengine(runningonpetrolordiesel)andabattery-poweredelectricmotor.Electricityisgeneratedinternallyfromregenerativebraking,cruisingandthecombustionengine,sotheydonotneedrecharginginfrastructure.Thehybridisationlevelrangesfrommildtofull.
•Mildhybridelectricvehiclesarepoweredbyaninternalcombustionengine,butalsohaveabattery-poweredelectricmotorthatsupportstheconventionalengine.Thesevehiclescannotbepoweredbytheelectricmotoralone.
•Fullhybridelectricvehiclesarepoweredbybothanelectricmotorandacombustionengine,eachofwhich(ortogether)canpowerthewheels.
3.NATURALGASVEHICLES
Naturalgasvehicles(NGVs)runoncompressednaturalgas(CNG)orliquefiednaturalgas(LNG),thelattermainlybeingusedforcommercialvehiclessuchastrucksandtheformerforpassengercars.NGVsarebasedonmaturetechnologiesanduseinternalcombustionengines.Dedicatedrefuellinginfrastructureisrequired.
‘ELECTRIFIED’AND‘ELECTRIC’VEHICLES
Somepeoplepresumethattheterm‘electrified’or‘electric’refersexclusivelytobatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)thatarefullypoweredbyelectricityandhavenoCO2comingfromtheirtailpipe.However,inpractice‘electrified’and‘electric’areoftenusedasblankettermsforallavailableelectrificationtechnologies,ieBEVs,PHEVsandHEVs.TherealityisthateachofthesetechnologieshasdifferentrequirementsintermsofinfrastructureaswellasvaryingCO2reductionlevels.
THE‘ELECTRIFIED’CARMARKETEXPLAINED
Electrically-chargeablecars
18.0%ofEUcarsalesin2021
Hybridelectriccars
19.6%ofcarsales
Fuelcellcars
0.01%ofcarsales
BEVs
Battery
electric
PHEVs
Plug-inhybrid
electric
HYBRIDS
Fullandmild
hybrids
FCEVs
Fuelcell
electric
100%
50-75%
Mild:10-20%
Full:20-40%
100%
24.1%
23.8%
52.1%
0.03%
6
MARKETUPTAKE
1.A.1–NEWCARREGISTRATIONSINTHEEU,BYFUELTYPE
TrendsovertimeintheEU(inunits,2017-2021)
20172018201920202021
Petrol6,205,9577,055,3947,514,8124,724,4173,885,432
Diesel5,551,1094,655,7474,106,9512,776,6651,901,191
Electrically-chargeable168,901240,347387,3251,045,8931,744,520
—Batteryelectric84,070131,954247,371537,976877,428
—Plug-inhybrids84,831108,393139,954507,917867,092
Hybridelectric359,093503,618742,0841,184,5261,901,239
Fuelcell2182304837581,004
Naturalgas49,55365,02368,12954,97943,235
Other(LPG+E85)156,710164,270186,141153,549226,702
Source:ACEA
KEYFINDINGS
•Salesofpetrolcarsdroppedby2.3millionunitsoverthepastfiveyears,reaching3.9millionunitslastyear(downby37%).
•With1.9millioncarsregisteredlastyear,thenumberofdieselcarssoldplummetedby3.6millionunitssince2017,representingadecreaseof66%.
•Electrically-chargeablecars–batteryelectricandplug-inhybridscombined–increasedbyatotalofalmost1.6millionunits(to1.7millioncars)overthefive-yearperiod.Thisrepresentsmorethana10-foldincrease.
•Withintheelectrically-chargeablecategory,thereisalmosta50-50splitbetweenbatteryelectricandplug-inhybrids–withbothshowingasimilargrowthtrajectoryoverthepastfiveyears.
•Morethanfivetimesmorehybridelectricvehiclesweresoldin2021comparedto2017(+1.5millionunits).
•Salesoffuelcellelectriccarswentfrom218carsin2017tosome1,000lastyear.
.
Petrol400%
Diesel
19.6%
7
NEWCARSINTHEEU,BYFUELTYPE(2021)
,BYFUELTYPE(2021)
40.4%
Electrically-chargeable=18.0%
–Batteryelectric=9.1%
–Plug-inhybrid=8.9%
Hybridelectric=19.6%
Other(LPG+E85)=2.3%
Naturalgas(CNG/LNG)=0.4%
Fuelcell=0.01%
Source:ACEA
KEYFINDINGS
•Conventionalfueltypes–petrolanddieselcombined–stilldominatedEUcarsalesintermsofmarketshare(60%)in2021.
•40%ofallcarssoldwerealternativelypoweredlastyear.
•Electrically-chargeablecarsaccountedfor18%ofallnewcarregistrationsintheEuropeanUnionin2021,comparedtoa10.5%marketsharetheyearbefore.Thismeansthatalmostoneinfiveeverynewcarsoldhadaplug.
•Hybridvehiclesmadeupalmost20%oftotalpassengercarsalesacrosstheEU,upfrom12%in2020.
8
1.A.2–NEWSALES:SHAREOFALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDCARS
TrendsovertimeintheEU(marketshare,2017-2021)
Change17/21
2018
2019
2020
2021
2017
Electrically-chargeable1.4%1.9%3.0%10.5%18.0%+16.6%points
—Batteryelectric
0.7%
1.0%
1.9%
5.4%
9.1%
+8.4%points
—Plug-inhybrids
0.7%
0.9%
1.1%
5.1%
8.9%
+8.3%points
Hybridelectric
2.9%
4.0%
5.7%
11.9%
19.6%
+16.7%points
Fuelcell
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
+0.01%points
Naturalgas
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.6%
0.4%
+0.05%points
Other(LPG+E85)
1.3%
1.3%
1.4%
1.5%
2.3%
+1.1%points
Source:ACEA
KEYFINDINGS
•Theelectrically-chargeablecarmarketgrewbyalmost17percentagepointsoverthelastfiveyears.
•Salesofbatteryelectriccarsandplug-inhybridsgrewbyover8percentagepointseachoverthistimeframe.
•Duringthesameperiod,theshareofhybridelectricvehiclesalsoincreasedbynearly17percentagepoints.
•Hybridelectriccarsmakeupmorethanhalfthe‘electrified’carmarket,withamarketshareovertwicethatofbatteryelectriccars.
•0.4%ofallcarssoldin2021werenaturalgas-powered(aslightgrowthsince2017).
•Fuelcellcarsstillonlyaccountforasmallshare(0.01%)ofEUsales–amarketsharethathasremainedstableoverthepastfiveyears.
9
MARKETSHAREOFALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDCARS,BYCOUNTRY(2021)
AT
BE
BG
HR
CY
CZ
DK
EE
FI
10.3%
FR
9.8%
DE
13.6%
GR
2.2%
HU
3.5%
BEVs
13.9%
5.9%
1.3%
2.9%
0.8%
1.3%
13.4%
2.2%
PHEVs
6.1%
12.5%
0.4%
0.9%
0.9%
1.9%
21.8%
0.7%
20.5%
8.5%
12.4%
4.7%
3.5%
FCEVs
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
HEVs
17.5%
5.1%
2.5%
14.0%
23.3%
12.3%
4.8%
28.6%
28.5%
17.5%
16.4%
23.2%
39.5%
NGVs
0.0%
0.3%
0.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
2.1%
0.9%
0.0%
0.1%
1.3%
0.0%
OTHER
0.0%
0.5%
0.0%
4.3%
0.0%
1.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2.9%
0.4%
2.0%
0.6%
IE
IT
LV
LT
LU
NL
PL
PT
RO
SK
1.5%
SI
3.2%
ES
2.8%
SE
19.1%
BEVs
8.2%
4.6%
2.9%
3.7%
10.5%
19.8%
1.6%
9.0%
5.2%
PHEVs
7.5%
4.8%
1.0%
0.0%
10.0%
9.6%
2.1%
10.7%
2.2%
1.5%
0.4%
5.0%
25.9%
FCEVs
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
HEVs
18.3%
29.0%
25.1%
39.6%
16.3%
22.2%
27.4%
13.0%
25.1%
20.0%
10.7%
25.5%
7.4%
NGVs
0.3%
2.2%
0.1%
0.0
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.5%
OTHER
0.3%
7.3%
1.8%
1.0%
0.0%
0.7%
3.0%
2.4%
13.1%
1.3%
1.1%
1.5%
0.4%
BEVs=BatteryelectricPHEVs=Plug-inhybrid
Source:ACEA
HEVs=Hybridelectric
FCEVs=Fuelcell
NGVs=Naturalgas(CNG/LNG)
OTHER=Otheralternativelypowered(LPG+E85)
KEYFINDINGS
•13memberstateshaveabatteryelectriccar(BEV)marketshareoflessthan4%.
•FiveEUmemberstateshaveaBEVmarketsharelessthan2%.
•12countrieshaveaBEVmarketshareofover5%.
•Hybridelectriccars(HEV)dominatethealternatively-poweredcarmarketinmostcountries.
•22memberstateshaveaHEVshareofover10%.
10
1.A.3–CARSONTHEROAD
SHAREOFALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDVEHICLES
INTHEEUPASSENGERCARFLEET(2020)
Batteryelectric
0.5%
Plug-inhybrid
0.6%
Hybridelectric
1.2%
Fuelcell(H2)
0.0%
Naturalgas(CNG/LNG)
0.5%
Other(LPG+E85)
2.6%
0.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%
Source:ACEA2
KEYFINDINGS
•Batteryelectricandplug-inhybridcarscombinedmakeupjustover1%ofallcarsonEUroadstoday.
•Hybridelectricvehiclesalsomakeupover1%ofallcarsintheEuropeanUnion.
•Passengercarsfuelledbynaturalgasaccountfor0.5%oftheEUcarfleet.
•Otheralternatively-poweredvehiclesaccountforunder3%ofallpassengercarsonEUroads.
•LPG(2.5%)andtheE85ethanol-petrolmix(0.1%)makeupthevastmajority.
2Latestdataavailable
11
1.B.1–VANREGISTRATIONSINTHEEU,BYFUELTYPE
TrendsovertimeintheEU(inunits,2017-2021)
20172018201920202021
Petrol
38,99977,56789,92548,77558,757
Diesel
1,273,1381,557,4791,605,3251,326,7181,408,376
Electrically-chargeable13,04519,94522,66728,70146,847
—Batteryelectric13,04519,85322,40427,53644,608
—Plug-inhybrids
92
263
1,165
2,239
Hybridelectric501,7624,61712,65225,496
Fuelcell
0381146
Naturalgas8,24610,60814,26311,7699,385
Other(LPG+E85)6,0859,82913,1607,59911,955
Source:ACEA(2018-2021),EEA(2017)
KEYFINDINGS
•Afterpeakingatalmost90,000vanssoldin2019,thenewpetrolvanmarketdroppedby35%toreachalmost60,000unitslastyear.Comparedto2017figures,themarketgrewbyabout20,000units(+51%).
•Salesofdieselvansgrewfrom1.2millionunitsin2017to1.4millionin2021.
•ThenumberofbatteryelectricvanssoldintheEUwentupmorethanthree-fold(byover30,000units)overthisfive-yearperiod.
•Thehybridelectricvanmarketincreasedsignificantlyin2021,withover25,000unitssold(comparedto50in2017).
•OnlysixfuelcellelectricvansweresoldacrosstheEuropeanUnionlastyear.
Petrol3.8%
6.0%
12
NEWVANSINTHEEU,BYFUELTYPE(2021)
Diesel90.2%
Electrically-chargeable=3.0%
–Batteryelectric=2.9%
–Plug-inhybrid=0.1%
Hybridelectric=1.6%Other(LPG+E85)=0.8%
Naturalgas(CNG/LNG)=0.6%
Source:ACEA
KEYFINDINGS
•Overallin2021,90%ofallnewlightcommercialvehiclesregisteredintheEUranondiesel,adecreasecomparedto2020(92%).
•Petrolaccountedforalmost4%ofallnewvanssoldlastyear(upfrom3.4%in2020).
•6%ofallnewlightcommercialvehicleswerealternatively-poweredin2021(+1.8percentagepointsonthepreviousyear).
•Almost3%ofallvanssoldin2021werebatteryelectric,lessthan2%werehybridelectric,and0.1%wereplug-inhybrids.
13
1.B.2–NEWSALES:SHAREOFALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDVANS
TrendovertimeintheEU(marketshare,2017-2021)
Change17/21
2020
2021
2017
2018
2019
Electrically-chargeable1.0%1.2%1.3%2.0%3.0%+2.0%points
—Batteryelectric
1.0%
1.2%
1.3%
1.9%
2.9%
+1.9%points
—Plug-inhybrids
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
+0.1%points
Hybridelectric
0.0%
0.1%
0.3%
0.9%
1.6%
+1.6%points
Fuelcell
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.001%
0.0004%
+0.0004%points
Naturalgas
0.6%
0.6%
0.8%
0.8%
0.6%
-0.01%points
Other(LPG+E85)0.5%0.6%0.8%0.5%0.8%+0.3%points
Source:ACEA(2018-2021),EEA(2017)
KEYFINDINGS
•Thebatteryelectricvanmarketgrewby1.9percentagepointsoverthelastfiveyears.
•Duringthesameperiod,theshareofhybridelectricvehiclesincreasedby1.6percentagepoints.
•0.6%ofallvanssoldin2021werenaturalgas-powered,remainingnearlyunchangedcomparedto2017.
MARKETSHAREOFALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDVANS,BYCOUNTRY(2021)
HU
GR
HR
CY
CZ
AT
DK
DE
BE
FR
EE
FI
BEVs
3.5%
1.0%
0.9%
0.1%
0.9%
4.6%
0.6%
2.6%
2.8%4
.7%
1.0%
1.2%
PHEVs
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.2%0
.1%
0.0%
0.1%
HEVs
0.4%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
1.1%
0.1%
2.2%
1.5%0
.6%
1.7%
0.2%
FCEVs
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%0
.0%
0.0%
0.0%
NGVs
0.1%
1.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.5%0
.1%
1.4%
0.4%
OTHER
0.2%
0.0%
1.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%1
.0%
0.1%
0.0%
IEITLVLUNLPLPTROSKSIESSE
BEVs
2.3%
2.0%
1.0%
2.5%
4.6%
0.8%
1.2%
0.6%
0.7%0
.6%
2.0%
7.5%
PHEVs
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%0
.0%
0.0%
0.2%
HEVs
0.7%
6.6%
0.0%
0.0%
0.7%
0.2%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%0
.6%
2.3%
0.0%
FCEVs
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%0
.0%
0.0%
0.0%
NGVs
0.0%
2.1%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%0
.0%
0.5%
1.4%
OTHER
0.0%
2.8%
0.0%
0.0%
1.3%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%0
.3%
1.6%
0.3%
BEVs=BatteryelectricPHEVs=Plug-inhybrid
Source:ACEA
HEVs=Hybridelectric
FCEVs=Fuelcell
NGVs=Naturalgas(CNG/LNG)
OTHER=Otheralternativelypowered(LPG+E85)
KEYFINDINGS
•Batteryelectricvanshaveamarketshareofover3%injustfiveEUcountries.
•11memberstateshaveabatteryelectricvanmarketshareof1%andunder.
•Italy,SpainandFinlandaretheonlycountrieswithamarketshareofhybridelectricvansabove2%.
14
1.B.3–VANSONTHEROAD
SHAREOFALTERNATIVELY-POWEREDVEHICLES
INTHEEUPASSENGERCARFLEET(2020)
Batteryelectric
0.4%
Plug-inhybrid
0.01%
Hybridelectric
0.1%
Fuelcell
0.0%
Naturalgas(CNG/LNG)
0.6%
Other(LPG+E85)
0.8%
0.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%
Source:ACEA3
KEYFINDINGS
•Batteryelectric,plug-inhybrid,andhybridelectricvanscombinedmakeup0.5%ofalllightcommercialvehiclesonEUroadstoday.
•Allothertypesofalternatively-poweredvanstogetheraccountforunder1.5%oftheEUvanfleet.
3Latestdataavailable
Cyprus
15
AFFORDABILITY
2.1–NATIONALINCOMEANDELECTRICALLY-CHARGEABLECARS
CorrelationECVuptakeandgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)percapita(bycountry,2021)
ELECTRICCARSALES
ANDNATIONALINCOME
72%ofallelectriccarsaresoldinjust
4countries(withsomeofthehighestGDP)
Top5:Lowestmarketshare=averageGDP€27,000
Bulgaria
1.67%
418ECVs
GDP
€9,850
1.68%
179ECVs
GDP€26,030
Estonia
2.91%
650ECVs
GDP
€23,060
Slovakia
3.00%
2,270ECVs
GDP
€17,820
CzechRepublic
3.19%
6,598ECVs0%5%10%20%30%45%
Marketshare2021
GDP
€22,320
‘Electriccar’=electrically-chargeablevehicles(batteryelectric+plug-inhybrid)
Source:ACEA,EUROSTAT
Top5:CountrieswiththeHIGHESTECVmarketshare
Top5:Countrieswiththe
LOWESTECVmarketshare
Sweden–45.0%(GDPof€50,910)Denmark–35.3%(GDPof€57,350)Finland–30.8%(GDPof€45,620)
Netherlands–29.5%ECVs(GDPof€49,090)Germany–26.0%ECVs(GDPof€42,920)
Bulgaria–1.7%(GDPof€9,850)
Cyprus–1.7%(GDPof€26,030)
Estonia–2.9%(GDPof€23,060)
Slovakia–3.0%(GDPof€17,820)
CzechRepublic–3.2%(GDPof€22,320)
KEYFINDINGS
•Themarketuptakeofelectrically-chargeablevehiclesislargelylinkedtoacountry’sGDPpercapita,showingthataffordabilityremainsanissueforconsumers.
•AcrosstheEU,18%ofallnewcarsregisteredin2021wereelectrically-chargeable(ECV).However,nineEUmemberstatesstillhaveanECVmarketsharelowerthan4%.
•CountrieswithanECVmarketshareoflessthan4%haveanaverageGDPbelow€27,000,includingnewEUmemberstatesinCentralandEasternEurope,butalsoCyprus.
•72%ofallelectriccarsalesareconcentratedinjustfourWesternEuropeancountries,eachofwhichhasaGDPofover€45,000.
•Ontheotherendofthespectrum,Bulgaria,withaGDPoflessthan€10,000,hasanECVmarketshareofjust1.7%.
•ThereisaclearsplitintheaffordabilityofECVsbetweenCentral-EasternEuropeandWesternEurope.
16
INFRASTRUCTURE
AVAILABILITY
3.1–ELECTRICALLY-CHARGEABLEVEHICLES
Bothtypesofelectrically-chargeablevehicles(ECVs)requireappropriatecharginginfrastructure:
•Batteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),whicharefullypoweredbyanelectricmotor,needtoplugintotheelectricitygridtochargetheiron-boardbattery.
•Plug-inhybrids(PHEVs),whichhaveanelectricmotorthatiscomplementedbyacombustionengine,alsoneedtochargethebatterybyconnectingtothegrid.
ChargingpointsforECVspercountry,pluspercentageofEUtotal(2021)
Country
Chargers
%ofEUtotal
Country
Chargers
%ofEUtotal
Austria
13,110
4.3%
Italy
23,543
7.7%
Belgium
13,695
4.5%
Latvia
420
0.1%
Bulgaria
531
0.2%
Lithuania
207
0.1%
Croatia
1,730
0.6%
Luxembourg
1,782
0.6%
Cyprus
57
0.02%
Malta
98
0.03%
CzechRepublic
2,189
0.7%
Netherlands
90,284
29.4%
Denmark
5,752
1.9%
Poland
2,811
0.9%
Estonia
385
0.1%
Portugal
4,124
1.3%
Finland
5,497
1.8%
Romania
1,161
0.4%
France
37,128
12.1%
Slovakia
1,367
0.4%
Germany
59,410
19.4%
Slovenia
1,309
0.4%
Greece
514
0.2%
Spain
10,480
3.4%
Hungary
2,541
0.8%
Sweden
25,197
8.2%
Ireland
1,542
0.5%
EUtotal
306,864
Source:EAFO
29.4%
19.4%
17
DISTRIBUTIONOFELECTRICCAR
CHARGINGPOINTSACROSSTHEEU
Some50%ofallchargingpoints:
Concentratedinjust2EUcountries
29.4%Netherlands19.4%Germany
Top5:Fewestchargingpointsin2021
Cyprus
57
Malta
98
Lithuania
207
Estonia
385
Latvia05501.5k2.5k5.5k10.5k25.5k60k90k
420
Numberofchargingpoints2021
‘Electriccar’=electrically-chargeablevehicles(batteryelectric+plug-inhybrid)
Source:ACEA,EAFO
Top5:Countrieswith
MOSTECVpoints
Netherlands(90,284)
Germany(59,410)
France(37,128)
Sweden(25,197)
Italy(23,543)
Top5:Countrieswith
LEASTECVpoints
Cyprus(57)
Malta(98)
Lithuania(207)
Estonia(385)
Latvia(420)
18
RolloutofchargingpointsforECVs–TrendovertimeintheEU(2017-2021)
EUtotal20172018201920202021%17/21
ECVchargingpoints
231,842
306,864
171,287
109,896
123,727
179.2%
Source:EAFO
KEYFINDINGS
•AlthoughtherehasbeenastronggrowthinthedeploymentofECVinfrastructuresince2017(+180%),thetotalnumberofchargingp
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2026上半年四川事业单位统考安州区考试招聘教师26人备考题库含完整答案详解【典优】
- 2026陕西延安市志丹县人力资源和社会保障局公益性岗位招聘50人备考题库含完整答案详解（各地真题）
- 2026北京对外经济贸易大学非事业编人员招聘7人备考题库（满分必刷）附答案详解
- 2026北京公交集团校园招聘备考题库【名师系列】附答案详解
- 2026上半年四川成都大学考核招聘高层次人才5人备考题库及完整答案详解
- 2026北京对外经济贸易大学非事业编人员招聘7人备考题库及参考答案详解【新】
- 2026上半年四川成都市双流区卫健系统考核招聘专业技术人员14人备考题库【考点梳理】附答案详解
- 2026安徽滁州市中小学新任教师招聘240人备考题库带答案详解（黄金题型）
- 2026上半年四川成都大学考核招聘高层次人才5人备考题库附完整答案详解（名师系列）
- 2026云南今邦日杂再生资源有限公司招聘业务员1人备考题库含答案详解（典型题）
- CPK-数据自动生成器
- 增材制造技术课件
- (完整)WORD-版本核心高考高频688词汇(高考高频词汇)
- MCS-51单片机技术项目驱动教程C语言第二版牛军课后参考答案
- 大连周水子国际机场
- 第二章护理伦理学的理论基础课件
- 闽教版小学英语五年级下册校本作业
- 拜仁慕尼黑足球俱乐部
- 晚归检讨书阅读
- 结构化面试答题套路90结构化面试题型及答题套路
- GB/T 24218.1-2009纺织品非织造布试验方法第1部分：单位面积质量的测定
评论
0/150
提交评论