人教版一轮复习课时作业：18AtasteofEnglishhumourWord版含解析

课时作业(十八)必修④Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour【夯实基础】I.单句语法填空1.【2022·天津卷】Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengesto(overcome).2.【2022·全国卷Ⅱ】Once,whileworkingovernightatastore,heleta(home)mansleepinhistruck.3.【2022·天津卷】Another15minutespassedandIgrew(bore).4．Havingfriendsmeansthatyouwillhavesomeonetotalktosothatyouwon’tfeellonelyand(depress).5．ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplayingcardsweredesignedfor(entertain)andeducation.6．Theyoungpolicemanstoodatthecrossroadseverymorning,(direct)thebusytraffic.7．Ifyoulookat(fail)asapartofyourgrowingprocess,youwillstaypositiveandfollowyourgoalsforaslongasittakes.8．Realandspecificexperiencesarealot(convince)thansomethingyoucopyfromtheInternet.9．Iftheteacheristoobusy,youcanaskhimtoarrangeapropertimeforfurther(explain).10.Theairqualityinthecity,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.II.完成句子1.Don’timagineyourself(总是正确的).2.Haveyounoticedtheman(撞在那个老人身上)?3.Theoldcoupleseem(满足)tositinfrontofthetelevisionallnight.4.I(惊讶)whenIheardthehospitalhadburntdown.5.I(激励)toworkharderthaneverbefore.III.课文浓缩根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。CharlieChaplinwasa1(humour)actor.Heentertaineduswithnonverbalhumour.Borninpoverty,hebecamefamous2usingaparticularformofactinginentertainingsilentmovies.Hewas3charmingcharacter,well-knownthroughouttheworld.Heplayedapoorandhomelessperson,4(wear)largetrousers,worn-out5andasmallroundblackhatandcarryingawalkingstick.Thecharacter6asocialfailureinthemovies,7hewaslovedbyallthepeople.Byovercomingdifficulties,beingkindtopeopleunkindtohim,makingasadsituationentertainingandeatinga8(boil)shoe,CharlieChaplinmadeushappyandexcited.CharlieChaplinproduced,directedandwrotemoviesin9hestarred.In1972hewasgivenaspecialOscarforhisoutstandingworkofbringinghumourto10(we)allthroughfilms.【能力提升】IV.阅读理解A【2022·福州四校联考】Theideathatyoucanusehumor,laughter,andplaytomakeyouhealthierprobablyseemstoosimpletobetrue.However,itisreallytrueandsimple.Thesenseofhumor,laughterandplayplaysanimportantpartinkeepingyouhealthy.Treattheblueswithasenseofhumor,whichiscloselytiedtolaughter.Laughterisinfectious.Haveyoueverheardabiglaughofayoungchildandbeenabletokeepyourselffromsmiling?Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople,itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness.Smilingisthebeginningoflaughterandasmileisalsojustasinfectiousaslaughteris.Youcanexperiencesomethingbysmilingateveryonearoundyou,andyouwillfeelhappierjustbysharingasmile,evenwithastranger.Playisanimportantpartofmakingsurethatwestayhealthy.Weareoftenencouragedtomakesureourchildrenplay,andaretoldofthebenefitsofbeingoutplaying.However,whatweoftenforgetisthatitisjustasimportantforoldpeopletomakeplaybepartoftheirlifeasit'sforchildren.Physicalplayisimportantfortheoldanditcertainlyhelpspreventillness.Whilethestudiesarestillintheearlystages,thestudiesthathavebeendonehaveshownthatphysicalplaycertainlyplaysapartinpreventingcognitive(认知的)falling.Anyway,addinghumor,laughter,andplaytoourlifewillinfluenceusmentally,physicallyandsociallyandbringusmanyadvantages.Soweshouldmakefulluseofhumor,laughterandplaytomakeourlifemoreactive,moreinterestingandhappier.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infectious”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Playinganimportantrole.B．Keepingpeopleinhighspirits.C．Quicklyinfluencingotherpeople.D．Preventingillnessfromspreading.2．Whatcanlaughterincreaseaccordingtotheauthor?A．Cognitiveability.B．Goodrelationships.C．Asenseofhumor.D．Happinessandtrust.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinktheoldshoulddo?A．Theyshouldhaveagoodrest.B．Theyshouldplaylikechildren.C．Theyshouldpreventcognitivefalling.D．Theyshouldtakepartinphysicalplay.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Humor,LaughterandPlayforHealthB．AlwaysKeepOurBodyHealthyC．HaveanActiveandHappyLifeD．LetOurBodyandMindRelaxB【2022·湖南长郡中学检测】Wetalkaboutpeoplebeing“colour­blind”butveryfewofusare.Eventhosewhodescribethemselvesascolour­blindarenormallyjustcolourdeficient.Astronglycolour­blindpersonwillstillbeabletotell20differentcolours,comparedtothe100orsothatnormal­sightedpeoplesee.Pingelap,atinyislandinthePacific,isabeautifulspotbutonethathasagenetictrouble.ItisknownasColour­blindIslandbecausesomanypeoplewholiveonthisremoteislandcanonlyseeinblackandwhite.Notbeingabletoseeincolourisbadenough.Butoneislander,Herrol,who'safisherman,alsostrugglesinfullsunlightbecauseallheseesisapainfulburnt­outimage.“Ifinditdifficulttogooutsideinthesun,”hesays,“becausewhenit'ssunnyIcannotseetodomywork.”Butifbeingtrulycolour­blindisrare,whyisitthataround10%ofthepopulationofPingelapliveinatotallyblackandwhiteworld?Well,weknowthatin1780thepopulationofPingelapwasallbutwipedoutbyatsunami(海啸).Asfewas20peoplesurvived,oneofwhomwastheking.It'sbelievedhehadageneticfaultthatcausescolour­blindnessandhepassedthisfaultontohismanygenerations.Thereisoneadvantage.Herrolcanseewell,reallywell,inthedark.Sowhenitgetsdark,Herrolandhisfriendsgetintheirboatsandhuntflyingfish.Theyhangupflamingtorchesandtheflyingfishareattractedtotheflames.“Thistypeoffishingisfun,”Herrolsays,“especiallyifwecatchplenty.Soeventhoughit'shardworkweenjoyit.”5．WhatisPingelapfamousas?A．Atinyisland.B．Abeautifulisland.C．Amentallytroubledisland.D．Acolour­blindisland.6．WhatcanweinferaboutHerrol?A．Hemaystayathomewhenit'ssunny.B．Heisinterestedinburnt­outimages.C．Helikestakingphotosverymuch.D．Hedoesn'tliveinPingelapanymore.7．Whyareaboutone­tenthofpeopleinPingelapcolour­blind?A．BecausePingelapoftensuffersfromtsunamis.B．Becausethekinghadanunluckymarriage.C．Becausetheking'sgeneticfaultplayedarole.D．Becausethekingmadeaseriousmistake.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheIslandofColour­blindnessB．TheDisadvantageofHerrolC．TheHistoryofPingelapD．TheAdvantageofColour­blindnessV.完形填空【2022·全国卷III】ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March-1sixmonthsoutoftheyear.Ofcourse,we2itwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis3,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona4day.”Butthat5whenasystemofhigh-tech6wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks(山峰)intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents(居民)ofRjukan7theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto8.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat9themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe10andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam(束)oflightontothetown’scentral11,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight12,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.“Peoplehavebeen13thereandstandingthereandtaking14ofeachother,"Rosays."Thetownsquarewastotally15.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere."The3,500residentscannotall16thesunshineatthesametime.17,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown’s18residents."It'snotvery19,”shesays,"butitisenoughwhenweare20.”1.A.only B.obviously C.nearlyD.precisely2.A.fear B.believe C.hearD.notice3.A.empty B.blue C.highD.wide4.A.cloudy B.normal C.differentD.warm5.A.helped B.changed C.happenedD.mattered6.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrorsD.cameras7.A.remembered B.forecasted C.receivedD.imagined8.A.repair B.risk C.restD.use9.A.forbids B.directs C.predictsD.follows10.A.day B.night C.monthD.year11.A.library B.hall C.squareD.street12.A.appeared B.returned C.fadedD.stopped13.A.driving B.hiding C.campingD.siting14.A.pictures B.notes C.careD.hold15.A.new B.full C.flatD.silent16.A.block B.avoid C.enjoyD.store17.A.Instead B.However C.GraduallyD.Similarly18.A.nature-loving B.energy-savingC.weather-beatenD.sun-starved19.A.big B.clear C.coldD.easy20.A.trying B.waiting C.watchingD.sharingVI.语法填空【2022·山西太原模拟】Asweknow,prolongedsittinghasbeenlinkedtocancer,diabetes(糖尿病)andspeedingupageing.However,standingforlongperiodsoftimemightnotbegood1youeither,accordingtoanewstudy2(publish)lastyear.Inthe12-year-longstudy,researcherslookedattheworkplacehabitsof7,000participantsinOntarioCanadaand3(find)thatthosewhostoodatworkweretwiceaslikely4(catch)heartdiseaseincomparisontothosewhospentthedaysittingdown.Standingforhoursonendincreasesthepressureintheveins(血管),5mightcontributetotheincreasedriskofheartdisease.Prolongedstandinghasalsobeenlinkedtochronicbackpainandmusculoskeletaldisordersinthelegs.6issuggestedthatemployersshouldfocusonwellnessprogramsthattargetthosewhoaresubjectedtoprolongedperiodsofstandingjustastheywouldtargetdaily7(smoker).Thosewhocannotavoidstandingatworkshould8(regular)stretchduringbreakstoeasethemuscles.Withstudies9(suggest)bothsittingandstandingforlongperiodsoftimecarryhealthrisks,perhapsthe10(solve)istoalternatebetweenthetwo.答案：convincingII.1.tobealwayscorrect2.bumpintotheoldman3.content4.wasastonished5.am/wasinspiredIII.3.a9.which10.usIV.A.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。【1题详解】考查词义猜测。根据第二段第四句“Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople,itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。【2题详解】考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople,itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness...andyouwillfeelhappierjustbysharingasmile,evenwithastranger”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。【3题详解】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“However,whatweoftenforgetisthatitisjustasimportantforoldpeopletomakeplaybepartoftheirlifeasit'sforchildren.Physicalplayisimportantfortheoldanditcertainlyhelpspreventillness”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与有关身体的活动。【4题详解】考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Anyway,addinghumor,laughter,andplaytoourlifewillinfluenceusmentally,physicallyandsociallyandbringusmanyadvantages.Soweshouldmakefulluseofhumor,laughterandplaytomakeourlifemoreactive,moreinterestingandhappier”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。B.【答案】5.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了色盲岛——Pingelap岛，以及该岛上居民色盲的原因、情况等。【5题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“ItisknownasColour­blindIslandbecausesomanypeoplewholiveonthisremoteislandcanonlyseeinblackandwhite”可知，Pingelap岛因被称为色盲岛而出名，故D项正确。【6题详解】考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句中的“Ifinditdifficulttogooutsideinthesun...becausewhenit'ssunnyIcannotseetodomywork”可知，他发现在阳光下无法看东西，所以无法工作；据此可以判断，阳光充足时他可能会待在家里面，故A项正确。【7题详解】考查细节理解。根据第五段最后一句“It'sbelievedhehadageneticfaultthatcausescolour­blindnessandhepassedthisfaultontohismanygenerations”可知，该岛的国王有导致色盲的基因，这是一种基因缺陷，他将这一基因传给了后代，所以岛上的很多人是色盲，故C项正确。【8题详解】考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了色盲岛——Pingelap岛，故A项正确。V.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A5.B6.C7.C8.D9.B10.A11.C12.A13.D14.A15.B16.C17.B18.D19.A20.D【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A.only仅仅；B.obviously显然地；C.nearly几乎；D.precisely准确的。根据前文fromlateSeptembertomid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.fear害怕；B.believe相信；C.hear听见；D.notice注意。根据后文Weseetheskyis43,butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue蓝色的；C.high搞得；D.wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.cloudy多云的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.warm温暖的。根据前文downinthevalleyit'sdarker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.helped帮助；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.computers电脑；B.telescopes望远镜；C.mirrors镜子；D.cameras相机。根据后文toreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.remembered记得；B.forecasted预报；C.received获得，收到；D.imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.repair修理；B.risk风险；C.rest休息；D.use使用。根据前一句theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。putsthtouse把某物投入使用。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A.forbids禁止；B.directs指导，导演；C.predicts预测；D.follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.library图书馆；B.hall大厅；C.square广场；D.street街道。根据后文Thetownsquare可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.appeared出现；B.returned归还；C.faded褪去；D.stopped停止。根据后文Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.driving驾驶；B.hiding隐藏；C.camping露营；D.sitting坐。根据本句andstandingthere可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.pictures照片，图片；