2014年职称英语等级考试真题

2014年英语等级考试（卫生类C级HisheartgaveasuddenleapwhenhesawA. B. C. D.SeveralwindowshadbeenA. B.re C. D.TheAIDSconventionwillbeheldinA. B. C. D.MyprincipalconcernistogetthejobdoneA. B. C. D.ThemajorityofpeoplearoundhereareA. B. C. D.I’msureI’llbeabletoamusemyselfforafewA. B. C. D.TakesomespareclothesincaseyougetA. B. C. D.Thenewservicehelpedboostpre-taxprofitsbyA. B. C. D.TheyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentA. B. C. D.HemadeanumberofruderemarksabouttheA. B. C. D.LackofspaceforbidsfurthertreatmentofthetopicA. B. C. D.TheworstagoniesofthewarwerenowA. B. C. D.HisknowledgeofFrenchisA.very B.very C.quite D.ratherThebookraisedastormofA. B. C. D.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-A. B. C. D.SomecommentsarejustinvitingA.keeout B.getting C.asking D.suffering2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。SomeSchoolingon(同理工A/B、综合B/C其中一篇阅读理解AccordingtotheU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission.5.900kidsweretreatedathospitalemergencyroomsclinicsanddoctorsofficeslastyearforsprainsandstrainscausedbybackpacks.Suchinjuriesaresowidespreadthatmorethan70percentofphysicianssurveyedbytheAmericanAcademyofOrthopedic（整形外科的）Surgeonslistedbackpacksasapotentialclinicalproblemforchildren.Howdoyouavoidsuchproblems?Choosebagsthathavewidepaddedstraps有垫的肩带andabeltThatwillhelptransfersomeoftheweightfromthebackandshoulderstothehips.Youshouldalsotightenbothstrapsfirmly,sothepackrestsabout2inchesaboveyourwaist.Also,remembertopackyourbagwiththeheaviestitemsclosesttoyourbackandtobendbothkneeswhenyoupickitup.Howmuchshouldyoustuffintoyourpack?Thatdependsonyoursizeandstrength.butageneralruleisnottoexceed20percentofyourbodyweight,soifachildweighs100pounds,thebackpackanditsloadshouldnotbemorethan20pounds.Onehint.Makefrequenttripstoyourlockertoexchangebooksbetweenclasses.Backpackswithwheelsletyoupulltheweightalongtheground,buttheyhaveproblemstoo.Martyarelargerthantheaverageshoulderbag,sostudentsaretempted1ocarrymorethantheywouldinaconventionalpack.Rollerbagsoftendon'tfitintoalocker.Theycanalsoleadtotapandfallsincrowdedhalls.Whateveryouuse,10or15minutesofstretchingandbackstrengtheningisagoodidea.AboutsixthousandAmericankidswereinjuredbycarryingbackpackslast B. C.Not70percentofUKphysicianshavetreatedchildrenwithsprainsand B. C.NotBackpackswithwide,paddedstrapsandabeltcanhelptoavoidproblemsofsprainsand B. C.NotA100poundchildshouldcarryabackpackofmorethan20 B. C.NotChildrenshouldputallthebooksintheir B C.NotRollerbagstendtobeheavierthanordinary B. C.NotA10-15minutesexercisewillhelpyoubearaheavier B. C.Not第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（23～30题，每1分，共8分EyeOureyesareunderagreatdealofstrainthesedaysascomputerwork,evisionviewing,nightdriving,andevensunshinearemakingexceptionaldemands.Sunlight,especiallyinthesummer,isnowregardedasonecauseofcataracts(白内障).Thethinningoftheozone(臭氧)layermeansmoreshort-waveultraviolet(UV)rays(紫外线)arereachingtheearth,andthesearethebiggestriskfactorforcloudingthelensoftheeye.Ultravioletraysincreasetheriskofchangestothecornea(角膜)causingcloudedvisionandeventuallycataracts.Therayscanbeshieldedonlybyanti-UVlenses.However,oureyesarenotsufficientlyprotectedbyfashionsunglasses."Poornightvisionandeyefatiguearenoticeablymorecommon,andtherehasbeenabigincreaseinminoreyecomintsintheover-40s,"saysDr.MireilleBonnet,whotookpartinrecentresearch.Shesaysthatthesixmusclescontrollingeacheyemovemorethan100,000timesadayandthateveryoneshouldlearntoexercisetheireyemusclesandallowthemtoItwastraditionallythoughtthatnear-orfar-sightednesswereinheritedconditionsandcouldnotbeinfluencedbyenvironmentalfactors,butnewresearchischallengingthisassumption.Recentstudiessuggestthatupto80percentofschoolchildrenintheUnitedStatesandwesternEuropearenearsighted.Yearsoffocusingonclose,two-dimensionalworkcausesmostchildrento eatleastslightlynearsightedbytheageof10,saytheresearchers.ThedevelopmentofpoornightThegreatestthreattotheThefunctionofThedevelopmentofpoornightThegreatestthreattotheThefunctionofTheeffectsofcomputerontheeyesThewaystoreduceeye Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph Sunlightinthesummerisbelievedtobeonecause Wecanwearanti-UVglassesto Weusedtobelievethatnear-orfar-sightednesswereinherited Over25%ofpeopleareestimatedtohavedifficultywithnightvisiondue ourparentsourparentseyemusclesoureyescomputeruseeyemove第一 TheBilingual(出自卫生补全短文第四篇WhenKarlKimimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesfromKorea’sateenager,hehadahardtimelearningEnglish.Nowhespeaksitfluently,andhehadauniqueopportunitytoseehowourbrainsadapttoasecondlanguage.Asagraduatestudent,KimworkedinthelabofJoyHirsch,aneuroscientistinNewYork.Theirworkledtoanimportantdiscovery.Theyfoundevidencethatchildrenandadultsdon’tusethesamepartsofthebrainwhentheylearnasecondTheresearchersusedaninstrumentcalledanMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)scannertostudythebrainsoftwogroupsofbilingualpeople.Onegroupconsistedofthosewhohadlearnedasecondlanguageaschildren.Theotherconsistedofpeoplewho，likeKim，learnedtheirsecondlanguagelaterinlife.PeoplefrombothgroupswerecedinsidetheMRIscanner.ThisallowedKimandHirschtoseewhichpartsofthebrainweregettingmorebloodandweremoreactive.Theyaskedpeoplefrombothgroupstothinkaboutwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore,firstinonelanguageandthentheother.Theycouldn’tspeakoutloudbecauseanymovementwoulddisruptthescanning.KimandHirschlookedspecificallyattwolanguagecentersinthebrain-Broca'sarea,whichisbelievedtocontrolspeechproduction,andWernicke’sarea,whichisthoughttoprocessmeaning.KimandHirschfoundthatbothgroupsofpeopleusedthesamepartofWernicke'sareanomatterwhatlanguagetheywerespeaking.ButtheiruseofBroca’sareawasPeoplewholearnedasecondlanguageaschildrenusedthesameregioninBroca’sareaforboththeirfirstandsecondlanguages.PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguagelaterinlifeusedadifferentpartofBroca’sareafortheirsecondlanguage.HowdoesHirschexinthisdifference?Hirschbelievesthatwhenlanguageisfirstbeingprogrammedinyoungchildren,theirbrainsmaymixthesoundsandstructuresofalllanguagesinthesamearea.Oncethatprogrammingiscomplete,theprocessingofanewlanguagemustbetakenoverbyadifferentpartofthebrain.Asecondpossibilityissimplythatwemayacquirelanguagesdifferentlyaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Hirschthinksthatmothersteachababytospeakbyusingdifferentmethodsinvolvingtouch,sound,andsight.Andthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollegeclass.KarlKim’sstudyshowedpeoplelearnEnglishandKoreanindifferentchildrenandadultsusethedifferentpartsofthebraintoleanaseconditisnotpossibleforanadulttospeakasecondlanguagepeople’sbrainswillnotchangewhentheylearnasecondHowdidKimandHirschstudythebrainsoftwogroupsofbilingualTheyinterviewedtheminEnglishandTheyaskedthemtospeakthesameTheyusedanMRIscannertoobservetheirTheyaskedthemtotalkaboutwhattheyhaddonethedayWhichaspectofthetwolanguagescentersinthebraindoesParagraph3KimandHirschfindthatusethesameregioninBroca’sareatolearntheirfirstandsecondlearnasecondlanguageslowerthanarebetteratacquiringthesoundsystemofasecondlanguagethanusespecialpartsofthebraintoprogramthestructuresoftheirfirstItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphstudentsdobetterinhighschoolthaninbilingualchildrenwilllearnbetterincollegemothersaregoodlanguageittakesmoretimeforadultstolearnasecond第2 ApproachestoUnderstanding (同理工A/B、综合B/C其中一篇阅读理解Itpaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisinligenceandwhataretalentsor alabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsoninligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralinligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentinligences.SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofinligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbers,orpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralinligence.Thebrainsofinligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherinligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesininligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyonein ligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralin ligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkit lsmuchaboutthetalentsofaoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinksthatthehumanmindhasdifferentin ligences.Theseinligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseinligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourinligences.Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneinligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofinligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,inter al,intraal,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),andnaturalistic.WhatisthemainideaofthisHowtounderstandinTheimportanceofinThedevelopmentofinligenceHow einWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralinMost ligentpeopledowellonsomeinligence ngwellononetypeofinligencetestdowellonother ligentpeopledonotdowellongroup ligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoralGardnerbelieves childrenhavedifferent allchildrenarechildrenshouldtakeoneinligencethereisnogeneralinAccordingtoGardner,schools trainstudentswhodopoorlyonfocusonfindingthemostinligentpromotedevelopmentofallinGardnerthinksthathistheoryhas musicalbiologicalintraallinguistic第三 SomeSleepDrugsDoMoreThanMakeYou(出自卫生阅读判断第4篇TheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministrationhasorderedcompaniestocestrongnewwarningsonthirteendrugsthattreatsleepdisorders.ItalsoorderedthemakersofthesleepillstoprovideinformationforpatientsexininghowtosafelyusetheLastWednesday,theFDAannouncedthatsomeofthesedrugscanhaveunexpectedanddangerouseffects.Theseincludetheriskoflife-threateningallergicreactions.Theyalsoincluderaresofstrangebehavior.Theseincludepeoplecookingfood,eatingandevendrivingwhileasleep.Thepatientslaterhadnomemoryofngtheseactivitieswhileasleep.Lastyear,amemberoftheUnitedStatesCongress2saidhehadasleep-driving PatrickKennedy,arepresentativefromRhodeIsland3，crashedhiscarintoasecuritybarriernearthebuildingwherelawmakersmeet.Theaccidenthappenedinthemiddleofthenightandnoonewashurt.Mr.Kennedysaidhehadearliertakenasleepmedicine.Hesaidhewasalsobeingtreatedwithastomachsicknessdrugthatcouldcausesleepiness.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationdidnotsayinitsannouncementhowmanycasesofsleep-drivingithad ed.However,theNewYorkTimes4reportedlastyearaboutpeoplewhosaidtheyhadstrangesleepeventsaftertakingthedrugAmbien.Somereportedsleep-drivingandsleep-walking.Otherssaidtheyfoundevidenceafterwakinginthemorningthattheyhadcookedfoodoreatenintheirsleep.Buttheyhadnomemoryofcarryingouttheactivities.AFDAofficialsaysthattheseserioussideeffectsofsleepdisorderdrugsappeartoberare.But,healsosaysthereareprobablymorecasesthanarereported.5Hesaystheagencybelievestheriskofsuchbehaviorscouldbereducedifpeopletakethedrugsasdirectedanddonotdrinkalcoholwhiletakingthedrugs.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasadviseddrugcompaniestocarryoutstudiestoinvestigatetheproblem.thirteendrugcompanieswereclosedlastonlythirteendrugscouldtreatsleesomesleepdrugscouldleadtoserioussidesomemakersofsleepillsprovidedfalseinformationtotheirTheFDAwarnedthatsomesleecanhelppeopletolearntopreventpeoplefromdrivingwhilepresentlife-threateningrisktohavesevereeffectonapatient’slong-termWhathappenedtoPatrickKennedylastHecrashedhiscarintoasecurityHewaskilledduringacarHiscarbrokedownonthewayHewastreatedforAftertakingthedrugAmbien,someareunabletodon’tknowhowtosufferfromeatingfallasleepwhileTheriskofstrangebehaviorsresultingfromtakingsleepillscouldbereducedtheFDAtakesmorestrictdrugcompanieslistentopatients’peopledon’tdrinkalcoholwhiletakingthese5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分DoYouHaveaSenseof(同理工C、综合C补全短文Humorandlaughteraregoodforus.Thereisincreasingevidencethattheycanhealusphysically,mentally,emotionally,andspiritually.Infact,everysystemofthebodyrespondstolaughterinsomepositive,healingway.Sohowcanwegetmorelaughterintoourlives?B(46)Psychologistandauthor,SteveWilson,hassomeManypeoplebelievethatwearebornwithasenseofhumor.Theythink,“eitheryou’vegotit,oryoudon’t.”Dr.Wilsonpointsoutthatthisisfalse.D(47)Thepartsofthebrainandcentralnervoussystemthatcontrollaughingandsmilingarematureatbirth.C(48)(Afterall,whenababylaughs,wedon’trushoverandsay,“Thatkidhasagreatsenseofhumor!”)Asenseofhumorissomethingthatyoucandevelopoveralifetime.Sometimespeoplethinkthattheydon’thaveagoodsenseofhumorbecausetheyarenotgoodjokelers.Dr.Wilsonremindsusthatlingjokesisonlyoneofmanywaystoexpresshumor.A(49)Thenwewillmakeotherslaugh,too. whohasatruesenseofhumoriswillingandabletoseethefunnysideofeverydaylife.Oneofthebestdefinitionsofasenseofhumoris“theabilitytoseethenonseriouselementinasituation.”Considerthissignfromastorewindow.“Anyfaultymerchandisewillbecheerfullyrecedwithmerchandiseofequalquality.”Thestoremanagerprobablycedthesigninthewindowtoimpresscustomerswiththestore’sexcellentserviceF(50)AsDr.Wilsonsays,“agoodsenseofhumormeansthatyoudon’thavetobefunny,youjusthavetoseewhat’sfunny.”Headvisesustoloseourinhibitions抑制andtrytolaughatIsitpossibletodevelopasenseofHowever,thatdoesnotmeanthatinfantshaveasenseofWhatistrue,however,isthatwearebornwiththecapacitytolaughand EveryoneexperiencesthisHehadaseriouspu