2017年-短文改错解题技巧

2017年-短文改错解题技巧第一页，共66页。英语十大词类

第二页，共66页。词类名称句法作用词形变化实词名词Noun(n.)表示人或事物的名称1.有单数名词和复数名词、不可数名词和可数名词之分。2.复数名词变化形式多样；3.另有少数单、复数形式相同或变形较特殊的名词。4.有所有格形式“’s”.代词Pronoun(prop.)代替名词，形容词，数词等代词分为：人称、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、连接、不定、关系代词九大类。数词Numeral(num.)表示数目和顺序绝大多数序数词由基数词加the构成。动词Verb(v.)表示动作或状态一般有原形、过去式、过去分词、不定式、v—ing式（动名词和现在分词）等形式。形容词Adjective(adj.)修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质和特征1.有原级，比较级，最高级的词形变化。2.有10来个形容词和副词的变形较特殊。副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词，形容词或副词有比较级和最高级的词形变化。第三页，共66页。虚词冠词Article(art.)表示事物的泛指或特指，限制名词的意义a在元音开头的词前时改为an,“只看音素（标），不看字母”。介词Preposition(prep.)表示名词或代词和其他词的关系主要与名词类词语构成介词词组；与名词、形容词、动词构成千千万万的惯用搭配和灵活搭配。连词Conjunction(conj.)连接词与词、短语与短语、句和句无感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话的感情和语气无第四页，共66页。

短文改错

—解题技巧第五页，共66页。命题特点⑴用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。⑵长度均在100词左右。⑶这些材料都是记叙文。⑷新课标卷的设题通常是：1处多1个词，1处少1个词，8处错1个词。第六页，共66页。细看题目规范短文改错（共10小题，每小题一分，满分10分）文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词第七页，共66页。1.浏览全文，掌握大意。Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.2.分句阅读，逐行找错。Readthepassagesentencebysentenceandfindthemistakes.3.检查核对，攻克难点Readthepassageforthethirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.4.规范答题，不超十个。改错步骤第八页，共66页。2006-2010高考

短文改错错题考点分布统计表动词名词冠词形副词代词连词介词时态非谓语200612012111200710112112200812111102200912111012201021211101项目年份第九页，共66页。

测试点分布

词法句法行文逻辑

1、名词

2、动词

3、代词

4、冠词

5、介词

6、形容词、副词第十页，共66页。动词形，名词数．还要注意形和副．代词格，细领悟介词短语须关注．冠词连词常光顾．短文改错口诀：非谓语，细辨别句子成分多分析．习惯逻辑要记住．句法行文逻辑请先念一遍咒语吧第十一页，共66页。一、动词形

1.动词的时态和语态错误.

高考链接1：

However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturday.(2011全国）flewGrowingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.（2008全国）needed第十二页，共66页。

2.主、谓不一致的错误.高考链接:Istayedthereforoneandahalfhoursandmadesurethatthegirlwereallright.(2009全国卷2)wasGoodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.(2013浙江)are第十三页，共66页。3.非谓语动词错误高考链接:IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.（2011新课标全国卷）buying

Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutofabuilding.(2011陕西卷)disappointed第十四页，共66页。Solution(1)

通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(2)

仔细审查，主语管制.(3)

认真推敲，准确把握谓语与非谓语.(4)格外审视，主动语态与被动语态的混用，尤其被动语态中分词的词形.第十五页，共66页。5.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichwillnotbeserved…drunklikes

excitingHavingNotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.

2.Whentheycamehere,Iwillshowthem.3.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.

4.Ifoundthegameexcitedandmydadexplainedtherules.

practicecome_____第十六页，共66页。二、名词数

指名词单、复数形式及可数名词与不可数名词的用法错误。高考链接2：Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.（2011新课标全国卷）luggageInearlyJanuarythisyear,therateofUFOreportswassteady,aroundthreeperweeks.(2011辽宁卷）weekIt’sashametobreakyourwords.Youshouldmeanwhatyousay.word第十七页，共66页。1.

理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。2.

记清一些固定词组中名词的特殊用法。3.根据语境辨别名词单复数Solutionchange/changes,word/words,experience/experiences,第十八页，共66页。⑴在several,few,many,oneof,acoupleof,three,oneandahalf,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。如：Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourand…［2014课标II］—hours第十九页，共66页。⑵像advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewellery,clothing等不可数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用了复数。如：Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.［2011课标］.(luggages→luggage)第二十页，共66页。⑶本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。如：WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.［2011课标］(myfriend→myfriend’s)第二十一页，共66页。1.Don’tlosehearts,you’llbesuccessfulintime.2.Ineedsomemoreinformations.3.Thesemachineslookthesame,buttheyareofdifferentkind.4.TherearetwogirlsfrommycoursehereandIplantomakefriendwiththem.heartinformationkindspractice绝不可数名词progress,furniture,weather,fun,news,information,adviceequpment……friends第二十二页，共66页。三、还要注意形和副

１．形容词和副词的误用高考链接3：

Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.（2011浙江卷）slowlyIgottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.(2007浙江)proudHehasacomfortableroom,patientlynurses,andagreatdealoftimetoread.(2009陕西卷)

patient.第二十三页，共66页。解题策略(1)

熟知形容词和副词的句法功能.(2)

理清短文中形容词和副词比较等级的关系.(3)

结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词.１修饰名词、be动词、系动词要用形容词；２修饰动词、形容词、整个句子用副词；Thedoctorsaysheisrecoveringfastthanexpected.(2009陕西）faster2．Adj./adv级的混用或误用.第二十四页，共66页。1.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!［2014课标I］2.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicy（多汁的）andtaste.［2014课标I］

3.Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.［2015课标I］4.Iamawfullytiring.［2013浙江］

5.DadandIwereterribleworried.［2015课标II］wonderfultastyserioustiredterribly第二十五页，共66页。1.Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework.

2.Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrommine.

3.Hisfatherlooksmuchmorehappiertoday.angrily

clear4.SoIgratefulacceptedtheoffer.gratefullypractice第二十六页，共66页。四、非谓语，细辨别高考链接4：2007浙江卷：Icouldnottorunveryfastand

fellbehind.2007宁夏卷：LiMengcameseemeeveryday.

to

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。第二十七页，共66页。1.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.［2015全国卷］3.…maketheirfriendshiptolastlong.［2014大纲］4.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.［2015课标卷］2.Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.［2010大纲］lookingseeingtold第二十八页，共66页。5.SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.(2009全国卷2)go6.Myclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.(2009陕西卷)broken第二十九页，共66页。(1)

纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)

系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)

前后联系，整体把握.解题策略Note:(1)

谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(2)

非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)

在并列结构中谓语与非谓语动词的误用.第三十页，共66页。1)MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.to2)Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.talking3)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.visited4)Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.practice5)I’mwritingtoinviteyoutovisitchinaandspendingthesummervacationwithme.spend第三十一页，共66页。五、代词格，细领悟1人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either第三十二页，共66页。五、代词格，细领悟3.it作形主、形宾或指代时有缺漏

(make,find,think)

高考链接5：1.WiththehelpofKatia,aroommateofme…(2011重庆卷）mine2.ItwasonlywhenwedidtheirchemistryprojecttogetherthatIbegintounderstand…(2010辽宁卷）3.Hefounddifficulttolearnmathwell.our∨it1.人称代词，物主代词,反身代词的使用．2.代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误.4.Afterthinkingforsometime,Ilethercopymyanswers.Butafterthetest,allofuswerecalledtotheteacher’soffice.both4.both,all,either,neither,none的使用.第三十三页，共66页。⑴上下文的人称不一致。如：Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.(them→us)［2011大纲］第三十四页，共66页。⑵上下文的单复数不一致。如：…bothofthemhavesimilarideas…Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhim

tohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.(him→them)［2014大纲］第三十五页，共66页。⑶上下文的性别不一致。如：Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaid…(him→her)［2010大纲］⑷人称代词格的误用。如：LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweeksinQingdaowiththem…(I→me)［2007课标］第三十六页，共66页。⑸人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如：Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers…(从句主语which是指thevoice,这种声音使“他”与别人分离,故改himself为him)［2013课标I］第三十七页，共66页。：

Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.

［2015课标］

Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.［2015全国卷］

ourhis第三十八页，共66页。解题策略(1)

顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)

系统掌握it的各种用法

.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。

第三十九页，共66页。2.IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.

3.IalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.

4.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowed

tomyteacher.

myselfeverything∨itSomestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.theirpractice第四十页，共66页。

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。inSundayafternooncatchasightoflosemyheartinhurryaon∨六、介词短语需关注第四十一页，共66页。⑴常用介词的错用。如：Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.［2014课标II］for第四十二页，共66页。⑵固定词组中的介词误用。如：…andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes…［2014课标I］of第四十三页，共66页。⑶固定词组中的介词漏用。如：Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.(listento听)［2014课标II］to第四十四页，共66页。

1.主要考查固定短语，固定介词的搭配。高考链接6：

TherewasoneonparticularI’dreallywanted.(2011浙江卷)2.不定式后的动词短语中介词不能省3.时间状语前有指示代词this,that或one,next,last等修饰时不用介词.

inHehadonlyasmallcoldroomtolive.inHepaidavisittohisgrandfatheronthatafternoon.∨第四十五页，共66页。Solution:平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.第四十六页，共66页。practiceI’msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.2.Atlastwereachedtothevillageatthefootofthehill.3.Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.4.Thegentlemaninsistedatmyreceivingthemoney.at∨foron第四十七页，共66页。２．连词but，and，or,so和although的逻辑性用法错误．高考链接7：七、冠词、连词常光顾Hewasrighthereinthefrontofme.(2011陕西卷）Iboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagfromthefloor.(2011新课标卷）１.冠词a,an和the的用法错误．and错用and与but，

勿连so与bucause，Although不与but连，肯是and，否是or。第四十八页，共66页。常考的错误形式有：连词but,however,and,or,because,so,when,before,after,which,that,what的用法错误

连词第四十九页，共66页。（1）and与but用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如：Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnfromoneanother,but

themorepleasurewecansharetogether.［2014大纲］(but→and，前后没有转折关系)第五十页，共66页。（2）

although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用。如：Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,but

wehaveneverhadanydisease…［2014课标I］(去掉but或改为yet)第五十一页，共66页。⑶and与or。What’smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek…［2012大纲］

(and→or)

⑷which与what。Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.［2013辽宁］(which→what)第五十二页，共66页。⑷so与or。Wewerewarnednottocheatagain

soshewouldneedtoseeourparents.［2013四川］(so因此→or否则)第五十三页，共66页。⑸after与before。Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour,Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.［2013陕西］(Before→After逻辑)第五十四页，共66页。⑺多用或少用连词。如：Withlittlesleepandhardlyanybreak,soheworksfrommorningtillnight.［2013辽宁］Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.［2010大纲］what第五十五页，共66页。⑻错用that引导非限制性定语从句。如：Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.［2013课标II］what第五十六页，共66页。2007浙江卷：TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.

2007四川卷：

Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.

whenand/so八、句子成分多分析，习惯逻辑要记住．第五十七页，共66页。Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight