高二英语选修6第一单元语法最新课件

虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动作或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气。1.陈述语气多见于大多数句子里,用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问,广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。Hecouldswim,buthedidn'tjumpintothewatertosavetheboy.2.祈使语气仅用于祈使句中,表示说话人向对方提出请求,劝告或命令。Shutthewindowbeforeleaving.3.虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况,或是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。IfIwereabird,Ishouldflyinthesky.一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用五.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用六.几种特殊的虚拟语气一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用Ifwe___timenow,we_________itagain.hadwouldread(have;read)hadtakenwouldnothavemadeIfI________hisadvice,I_________________suchamistake.(take;notmake)Ifshe___________tomorrow,I_________shouldcomewouldaskherforhelp.(come;ask)虚拟条件句主句与现在If+主语+动词的过去式（主语+should,would动词be用were)might,could＋事实相动词原形反的假设与过去If+主语+had+过去分词主语＋should,would,might,事实相could＋have反的假+过去分词设与将来1、If+主语+动词过去式主语＋should,would,事实相2、If+主语+wereto+动词might,could反的假原形＋动词原形设3、If+主语+should+动词原形1._____,hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardA.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard2._____,Iwouldgotheremyself.A.WereIyouB.IwereyouC.IfIhadbeenyouD.HadIbeenyou1.在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，但是要提前had,were,should1.ButforJohn,we______thematchlastweek.A.wouldhavelostA.wouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.lost2.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe______agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored2．某些介词without/butfor/under/with等或otherwise/but/or等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语气。这是含蓄虚拟条件句.1.Ifhe___hislegsyesterday,he____theSummerPalacewithusnow.A.hadn'thurt;wouldvisitB.hadn'thurt;wouldhavevisitedC.didn'thurt;wouldvisitD.didn'thurt;wouldhavevisited2.IfIhadstudiedEnglishlastyear,I__abletospeakitnow.A.wouldhavebeenB.shouldbeB.shouldbeC.hadbeenD.was3．当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。这时就应该把从句和主句分开来看,根据各自谓语发生时间的不同,采用相应的形式.二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用1.Myfatherwasstrict.HerequestedthatI___televisiononweeknights.B.notwatchA.mustn'twatchB.notwatchC.couldn'twatchD.don'twatch2.Mary'suncleinsists_____inthishotel.A.notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnotC.thathenotstay3.Hissmilingfacesuggestedthathe____reallysatisfiedwithallthis.A.hadbeenB.wasB.wasC.beD.shouldbe1.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;四条建议suggest,advise,propose,recommend;六项要求demand,request,require,(ask,urge,desire,)注意:suggest表“暗示表明”时,insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气1.HowIwishI___adoctor,andI___thedyinggirl.A.am;cansaveB.was;saveC.were;couldsaveD.willbe;willsaveC.were;couldsave2.--Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?--Sorry,butIwishI___.A.hadB.canC.shouldD.couldD.could2.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+haddone3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could+do三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用1.It'sapitythathe___socareless.A.wasB.willbeC.shouldbeC.shouldbeD.canbe2.It'snecessarythattheapplicationforms___backbeforethedeadline.A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresentC.besent3.Itisstrangethathe___insuchavoice.B.shouldspeakA.couldspeakB.shouldspeakC.spokeD.speaks基本句型：1.Itbe+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…过去分词suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advised2.Itbe+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+(should)+动词原形+…四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用1.Hissuggestionthatyou___oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesA.tryC.musttryD.cantry2.Hisproposalisthatallthestudents___toseethefilm.A.nottogoB.notgoB.notgoC.didn'tgoD.nevertogo在suggestion,proposal,order,decision,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。五.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用1.Heoftenspeakstoomuchasifhe___everything.A.knowsB.hadknownC.knewC.knewD.hasknown2.IrememberthestoryasthoughI___.A.justreaditB.havejustreaditC.hadjustreaditD.werejustreadingitC.hadjustreadit过去完成时对过去虚拟asif/asthough(同wish)一般过去时(be为were)对现在虚拟would/could+动词原形对将来虚拟1.EvenifI___withyouthen,I___muchforyou.A.wouldbe;wouldnotdoB.were;shouldnothavedoneC.hadbeen;wouldnotdoD.hadbeen;shouldnothavebeen2.Eventhoughhe___here,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeenevenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句,若表示与事实相反,其动词用虚拟语气形式,主从句中的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同.1.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit______.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplodeC.explode2.Lestanyone___thinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.A.shouldA.shouldB.shallC.willD.may用在lest(惟恐,免得),forfearthat(以免,为防止…起见)和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should/might+动词原形,有时lest,forfearthat后的should可省。六.几种特殊的虚拟语气1.Don'talwaysmakeanoise.I'dratheryou___silent.A.keepB.cankeepC.keptD.tokeepC.kept2.Idon'tthinkitistherighttimethatyou__.B.wentA.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo3.IfonlyI___asbraveasyouare!A.beingB.wasC.beD.wereD.were4.I__tomeetMr.Thompsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroomwhenIcame.A.hopedB.hadhopedB.hadhopedC.hopingD.havehoped1.wouldrather+dosomething(宁愿做某事)过去完成时wouldrather+一般过去时句子(虚拟)一般过去时对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对将来虚拟2.动词hope,intend,mean,plan,want等的过去完成式表示过去想做而没做成的.3.Ifonly引导的感叹句,谓语构成与wish相同.4.Itis(high,about)timethat一般过去时should+动词原形此处的should一般不省略5.虚拟语气也常用于”ifitwere(hadbeen)notfor”句型中,意为”要不是…..”Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshecan'tsing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.EXERCISES1.Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoALondon.A.would