ch8-Accounting-for-overheads英语教学课件

Ch8Accounting

foroverheads制造费用的核算TopiclistWhatisoverheadsAbsorptioncostingLedgerentriesTopic1OverheadsOverheadsisthecostincurredinthecourseofmakingaproduct,providingaserviceorrunningadepartment,butwhichcannotbetraceddirectlyandinfulltotheproduct,serviceordepartment.OverheadsIndirectmaterialsProductionoverheadIndirectlabourIndirectexpenses

AdministrationoverheadSellinganddistributionoverhead

Howoverheadisshared?Topic2AbsorptioncostingAbsorptioncostingisamethodofaccountingforoverheads.Itisbasicallyamethodofsharingoutoverheadsincurredamongstunitsproduced.Absorptioncostingstages

allocation（分配）Apportionment（分摊）absorption（吸收）collectionofcostsbytypeallocationofcoststocostcenters

apportionmentofheatandlight,rentandrates,thecanteenandsoontoallothercostcenters

apportionmentofservicecostcentreoverheadstoproductioncostcenters

absorptionofoverheadsintocostunits

adjustmentforover/underabsorption

establishmentofpredeterminedabsorptionratesa1b1fegd1Productioncostcentre1Productioncostcentre2servicecostcentre2servicecostcentre1GeneraloverheadCostcentresa2a3b2c1c2d2product1product2product3product4AdministrationcostcentreSellingcostcentrekijh1.1allocation

Thedirectprocessofchargingthecostitemstoacostunitorcostcentre.Typesofcostcentre:ProductiondepartmentProductionareaservicedepartmentAdministrationdepartmentSellingoradistributedepartmentOverheadcostcentre(commonexpense)

Example:p1551.2Apportionment—

Stage1

Theindirectprocessofsharingthecommonoverhead

(suchasheatandlight,rentandrates,thecanteenandsoon)

outbetweentheothercostcentre.重点关注basesofapportionmentExample:p1551.2Apportionment—

Stage2Thesharingofthe

servicecostcentreoverheadcosts

amongsttheproductioncostcentres.Example:Afactoryconsistsoftwoproductioncostcentres(PandQ)andtwoservicecostcentres(TandV).Thetotaloverheadsallocatedandapportionedtoeachcostcentreareasfollows:PQTVTotaloverheads(￡)180000120000128000140000Theworkdonebytheservicecostcentrescanberepresentedasfollows:PQTVPercentageofTto70%30%----PercentageofVto40%30%30%--Theservicecostcentrecostsareapportionedtoproductioncostcentresusingamethodthatfullyrecognisesanyworkdonebyoneservicecostcentreforanother.WhatarethetotaloverheadsforproductioncostcentrePafterthereapportionmentofallservicecostcentrecosts?A￡325,600C￡355,000B￡349,600D￡379,000PQTVOverheads(0)180000120000128000140000T服务70%30%V服务40%30%30%V费用分摊Overheads(1)T服务70%30%T费用分摊Overheads(2)560004200042000-140000236000162000170000011900051000-170000035500021300000PQTVOverheads(0)180000120000128000140000T服务50%30%20%?V服务40%30%30%V费用分摊Overheads(1)T服务T费用分摊Overheads(2)??Eitherthe‘repeateddistributionmethod’(交互分配法)orthe‘algebraicmethod’

（代数法）maybeusedtoapportionservicecostcentreoverheadstoproductioncostcentreswherereciprocalservicingoccurs.TherepeateddistributionmethodTherepeateddistributionmethodinvolvesapportioning,inturn,eachservicecostcentre’soverheadstoallothercostcentres.Thisapportionmentshouldstartwiththeservicecostcentrehavingthemostsignificantapportionmenttotheotherservicecostcentre.PQTVOverheads(0)180000120000128000140000T服务50%30%20%V服务40%30%30%V费用分摊560004200042000Overheads(1)2360001620001700000T服务50%30%20%T费用分摊850005100034000Overheads(2)355000213000034000V服务40%30%30%V费用分摊136001020010200Overheads(3)368600223200102000PQTVOverheads(3)368600223200102000T服务50%30%20%T费用分摊510030602040Overheads(4)37370022626002040V服务40%30%30%V费用分摊816612612Overheads(5)3745162268726120T服务50%30%20%T费用分摊306183.6122.4......………………AlgebraicMethod(代数法)

Thealgebraicmethodusessimultaneousequationstoestablishservicecostcentretotals.Let:T=totaloverheadcosts

ofservicecostcentre

TV=totaloverheadcosts

ofservicecostcentre

VT=128000+0.3Vthen:V=140000+0.2TT=180851V=176170PQTVOverheadcosts128000140000ApportionstorestotalApportionmaintenancetotal应最终分摊到生产成本中心去的overheadcosts

是268000分给productioncostcentres180851-36170=144681分给productioncostcentres176170-52851=1233192680005425590426-18085136170704685285152851-1761701.3absorptionOnceallproductionoverheadcostshavebeenallocated/apportionedtoproductioncostcentres,thequestionofhowbesttoattachtheseoverheadstotheproductsthatareproducedineachofthecentrescanbeaddressed.AbsorptionstepsStep1

Estimatetheoverheadlikelytobeincurredduringthecomingperiod.Step2

Estimatetheactivitylevelfortheperioduponwhichtheoverheadabsorptionratesaretobebased.Step3

Divide1by2.thisproducestheoverheadabsorptionrate.Step4

Absorbtheoverheadintocostunitbyapplyingthecalculatedabsorptionrate.Example:AcompanymanufacturestwoproductsK1andK2inafactoryconsistingoftwocostcentres,YandZ.Thefollowingbudgeteddataareavailable:CostcentreYZAllocatedandapportionedfixedoverheadcosts(￡)576,000288,000DirectlabourhoursperunitProductK152ProductK234Budgetedoutputis12,000unitsofeachproduct.Fixedoverheadcostsareabsorbedonadirectlabourhourbasis.WhatisthebudgetedoverheadcostperunitforproductK2?

A￡34B￡36C￡38D￡42CostcentreYZAllocatedandapportionedfixedoverheadcosts(￡)576,000288,000TotallabourhoursofK15×12002×1200TotallabourhoursofK23×12004×1200Totallabourhours8×12006×1200Absorptionrate￡6￡4Fixedoverheadperunit(K1)￡30￡8Fixedoverheadperunit(K2)￡18￡16budgeted把这个根据预算值得出的吸收率，乘以实际的产量，即可得出吸收的总制造费用theappropiateabsorptionbaseDirectmaterialscostDirectlabourcostPrimecostMachinehourDirectlabourhourUnitFactorycost

(foradministrationoverhead)Salesorfactorycost

(forsellinganddistributionoverhead)example:p165ANSWERS!Absorptionrate(Y)=576,000÷[(5+3)×1,200]=￡6perhourAbsorptionrate(Z)=576,000÷[(2+4)×1,200]=￡4perhourFixedoverheadcostperunit(K2)=(3×￡6)+(4×￡4)=￡34Blanketabsorptionratesanddepartmentabsorptionrates

Blanketabsorptionrate(综合吸收率)Usedthroughoutthefactoryandforalljobsandunits

ofoutput

SeparateabsorptionratesUsedforeachdepartmentExample:p166TheOldGrammarSchoolhastwoproductiondepartment,forwhichthefollowingbudgetedinformationisavailable.ABTotalBudetedoverheads﹩360,000200,000560,000Budeteddirectlabourhours200,00040,000240,000Absorptionrate

BlanketabsorptionrateSeparateabsorptionrate560,000÷240,000=﹩2.33perdirectlabourhourAB360,000÷200,000=﹩1.80perdirectlabourhour200,000÷40,000=﹩5perdirectlabourhourPrimecostABJobX﹩1000hours30hoursJobY﹩10028hours2hoursWhatwouldbethefactorycostofeachjob?JOBXBlanketabsorptionrateSeparateabsorptionratePrimecost(﹩)100100Factoryoverhead(﹩)2.33×30=701.8×0+5×30=150Factorycost170250JOBYBlanketabsorptionrateSeparateabsorptionratePrimecost(﹩)100100Factoryoverhead(﹩)2.33×30=701.8×28+5×2=60.4Factorycost170160.41.4overandunderabsorptionofoverheadsEstimatedoverheadEstimatedactivitylevel

absorptionrate

actualactivitylevel

absorbedoverhead

actualoverhead

overorunderchargedasproductionoverheadcostsinthedeterminationofprofit

predeterminedrateappliedtoactualactivitylevelinthecalculationofproductcostExample:Acompanyusesabsorptioncostingwithapredeterminedhourlyfixedoverheadabsorptionrate.Thefollowingsituationsaroselastmonth:（i）Actualoverheadexpenditurewaslessthantheplannedexpenditure.（ii）Actualhoursworkedexceededplannedhours.

（i）Actualoverhead<

plannedexpenditure.Estimatedoverhead估计过高

Estimatedactivitylevel符合实际

absorptionrate偏高

actualactivitylevel

absorbedoverhead偏大

actualoverhead

overabsorbed（ii）Actualhoursworked>plannedhours.

Estimatedoverhead符合实际

Estimatedactivitylevel估计过低

absorptionrate偏高

actualactivitylevelabsorbedoverhead偏大

actualoverhead

overabsorbedWhichstatementiscorrect?ASituation（i）wouldcauseoverheadstobeunderabsorbedandsituation（ii）wouldcauseoverheadstobeoverabsorbed.BSituation（i）wouldcauseoverheadstobeoverabsorbedandsituation（ii）wouldcauseoverheadstobeunderabsorbed.CBothSituationswouldcauseoverheadstobeoverabsorbed.DBothSituationswouldcauseoverheadstobeunderabsorbed.PracticeAcompanyusesabsorptioncostingwithapredeterminedhou