现代大学英语 精读3 Diogenes and Alexander 原文

仅供个人参考DiogenesandAlexanderLyingonthebareearth,shoeless,bearded,half-naked,helookedlikeabeggarora经病疯).Hewasone,butnottheother.Hehadopenedhiseyeswiththesunatdawn拂),scratched,donehisbusinesslikeadogtheroadside,washedatthepublicfountain,apieceofbreakfastandaolives,eatenthemsquattingtheground,andthemdownwithafewhandfulsofwaterscoopedfromthespring.(Longagohearoughwoodencup,buthethrewitawayhesawaboydrinkingoutofhishollowedhands.)Havingnoworktogotoandnofamilytoprovidefor,hewasfree.Asthemarketplacefilledwithshoppersandmerchantsandslavesandforeigners,strolledthroughforhourorEverybodyknewhim,knewofhim.Theywouldthrowsharpquestionsathimandgetsharperanswers.theybitsofgotscantthanks;sometimesamischievouspebble,andgotashowerofstonesandabuse(漫)Theywerenotquitewasnot.Hetheyweremad,eachinadifferentway;theyamusedhim.Nowhebackathome.wasnotahouse,notevenasquatter'shut.Hethoughteverybodylivedfarelaborately,expensively,anxiously.Whatgoodahouse?oneneedsprivacy:naturalactsarenotshameful;dothesamething,andneednothidethem.Nobedsandchairssuchfurniture:animalslivehealthylivesandsleeponground.Allrequire,sincenaturedidnotdressusproperly,isonegarmenttokeepsomeshelterrainwind.Sooneblanket—todresstheandcoverhimatnight—hesleptinacask.HisnamewasDiogenes.wasthefounderofthecreedcalledCynicism;hespentmuchofhislifeintherich,lazy,corruptGreekcityofCorinth,mockingandsatirizingitspeople,andoccasionallyconvertingoneofthem.Hishomewasnotabarrelmadewood:tooexpensive.Itwasstoragemadeearthenware,nodoubtdiscardedbecausebreakhadmadeituseless.Henotthefirsttoinhabitsuchathing,Butwasthefirstwhoeverdidchoice,ofprinciple.Diogeneswasnotmaniac(疯子)Hewasaphilosopherwhowrotepoemsandessaysexpounding(hisdoctrine;hetalkedtowhocaredlisten;hehadpupilsadmiredhim.Buthetaughtchieflybyexample.Allshouldlivenaturally,hesaid,forwhatnaturalisandcannotpossiblybeevilshameful.withoutconventions,whichartificialandfalse;complexitiesandextravagances:onlysocanyoulivefreelife.Therichmanbelievespossesseshisbighouseitsmanyroomselaboratefurniture,expensiveclothes,hishorsesandhisservantshisbankaccounts.Hedoesnot.Hedependsonthem,heworriedthem,hespendsofhisenergylookingafterthoughtoflosingthemmakeshimsickwithanxiety.Theyprocessisslave.Inorderprocureaquantityoffalse,perishablegoodshehassoldtheonlytrue,lastinggood,hisindependence.Therebeenmenwhogrewtiredofsocietywithitscomplications,andwentawaylivesimply—afarm,aquietvillage,hermit'scave.NotDiogenes.Hewasmissionary.Hislife'saimwascleartohim:itwas"tothetotakethe不得用于商业用途

仅供个人参考cleanofhumantoeraseoldconventionalmarkings,andimprintitwithitstruevalues.TheothergreatphilosophersofthefourthcenturyBC,suchasPlatoandAristotle,taughtmainlyownprivatepupils.ButforDiogenes,laboratoryandspecimensandlecturehallsandpupilsweretobefoundincrowdofordinarypeople.Therefore,hechosetoliveinAthensorCorinth,wheretravelersalltheMediterraneanconstantlycameandbydesign,hepubliclybehavedinsuchwaystoshowpeoplewhatreallifeHethoughtmostpeopleonlyhalf-alive,mostmenonlyhalf-men.Atbrightnoondayhewalkedthroughtheplacecarryinglightedlampandinspectingfaceofhemet.TheyaskedhimDiogenesanswered,"Iamtryingtofindman."Toawhoseservantwasputtingonhisshoesforhim,said,won'tbereallyhappyuntilyourforthatwillcomeafteryouofhands."Oncetherewasawarscaresoseriousthatstirredeventhelazy,profit-happyCorinthians.Theybegantocleantheirweapons,andrebuildtheirneglectedfortifications.tookhisoldbegantoupandandforward."Whenyouallsobusy,"hesaid,feltIoughttosomething!"Andlived—adog,somesaid,hecarednothingforconventionsofsociety,andbecauseheshowedhisteethandbarkedatthosehedisliked.Nowhewaslyinginthesunlight,contentedandhappy,happierthantheShahofPersia.Althoughhehewasgoinghaveimportantvisitor,hewouldnotmove.Thesquarebegantowithpeople.Pageboys,soldiers,secretaries,officers,diplomats,graduallyformedcirclecenteredaroundDiogenes.Helookedoverasasobermanlooksatacrowdoftotteringdrunks,andshookhishead.Heknewwhowere.TheyweretheservantsofAlexander,conquerorofGreece,Macedonianking,whowasvisitinghisnewrealm.Onlytwenty,Alexanderfarolderwiserthanhisyears.LikeMacedoniansheloveddrinking,buthecouldusuallyhandleandtowardhewasnoblyrestrainedandchivalrous.LikeallMacedonianshelovedfighting;hewasmagnificentcommander,buthewasnotmerelyamilitaryautomaton.Hecouldthink.AtthirteenhehadbecomeapupilofthegreatestinGreece,Aristotle.whotheculture.HetaughtAlexanderpoetry;princesleptwiththeIliadunderhispillowlongedtoAchilles,whobroughtoftoruin.Hetaughthimphilosophy,inparticulartheshapesusesofpoliticalpowerandhetaughthimtheprinciplesofscientificresearch,andshippedhundredsofzoologicalspecimensbacktoGreeceforstudy.Indeed,fromAristotlethatAlexanderlearnedtoouteverythingstrangewhichmightbeinstructive.Now,AlexanderwasinCorinthtotakeofLeagueStateshisfatherPhilipcreated.Heandhonoredandflattered.wastheofthehour,ofthecentury;hewasunanimouslyappointedcommander-in-chiefofanewexpeditionagainst不得用于商业用途

仅供个人参考old,rich,corruptAsia.NearlycrowdedtoCorinthinordertocongratulatehim,toseekemploymentwithhim.OnlyDiogenes,althoughhelivedinCorinth,notvisitnewmonarch.WiththatgenerositywhichAristotlehadtaughthim,AlexanderdeterminedtocalluponDiogenes.Withhisface,hisfieryglance,hisstrongsupplebody,hispurpleandgoldcloak,andhisofdestiny,movedthroughthepartingcrowd,towardtheDog'skennel.Whenkingapproaches,allriseinrespect.Diogenesmerelysatupononeelbow.amonarchentersplace,greethimwithaanacclamation.Diogenessaidnothing.Thereasilence.Alexanderspokewithakindlygreeting.Lookingatthepoorbrokencask,singleraggedgarment,andtheroughfigurelyingontheground,hesaid,thereanythingIforDiogenes?""Yes,"saidDog."Standoneside.You'reblockingthesunlight."Therewasanamazedsilence.Slowly,Alexanderturnedaway.AtitterbrokeoutfromtheelegantGreeks.Macedonianofficers,afterdecidingDiogeneswasthetroubleofkicking,werestartingtoguffawandnudgeoneanother.Alexanderwassilent.Tothosenearesthimhesaidquietly,"If