外文翻译国内外变压器发展现状

外文翻译-国内外变压器发展现状外文翻译DomesticandforeigntransformersdevelopmentpresentsituationSinceacentury,thepowertransformerprinciplenothaschanged,alongwiththeageadvancement,theadvancedproductionequipmentconsummatesdaybyday,thuseachtechnicalparameterisincreasinglyadvanced.Thedistributiontransformer1theoverseasoverseasdistributiontransformercapacityarrives2500kVA,sometwokindofironcorespattern:Circularandellipse.Thecircularoccupiestheoverwhelmingmajority,theellipsebecausethehardspacingissmall,thustheneededmaterialsmayreduce,itscorrespondingcoilistheellipse.Thelow-voltagewindinghasthewiretypeandthefoiltype,thefueltankhasthebelttodispersetheheatpipeandtheripple-like.Moreover,Americaswiththree-phasepowersupply,multipurposesinglephasetransformer,thiskindofpowersupplysystemlinelosssmall,movementeconomy,buttransformerbecausemanyforsingle-phase,theneededmaterialscomparativelythree-phaseusethelabortobemany.2domesticourcountrybecausethepowersupplysystemandEuropearesame,alwaysonlymakesthethree-phasetransformer,atpresentmainproductfornewS9,capacityto1600kVA.NewS9hasthebettereconomicindicator,alsohastheveryhighreliability,hasperformed800productsshort-circuittests,trialproducedtheappraisalfrom1996,had400factoriesto1999year'sendtoobtaintheproductionqualifications.Hasapproximately10plantproductionsrippletypefueltank,movementnewS9approximatelycomposes25%.Thedoing-liketransformer1theoverseasepoxyresinpoursthedoing-liketransformer,overseasfromthe60'sproductions,thetechnologyisdaybydaymature.Thiskindoftransformerincludes:Thebeltpadding,thepureresin,circlethepackage,eachkindofcraft,thestructurecoexist.AccordingtoGermanexpertsdiscussedthat,thevoltagebiggestarrives36kV,thecapacitymayreach30MVA.AGermanfactory,yearproductivityabove2000MVA.TheAmericanpowerdistributionmarketdrylychangesyearlyproduces380,000,oilbathtypetransformer1.48million,drylychangesanumbertooccupy20,thecapacityoccupies30.TheEuropeanpowerdistributionoilbathtypetransformeralwayshasthequantity2500kVA2million,2500kVA1.6million;Drylychangesalwayshasquantity400,000,accountsfor10%.2domesticpoursthetypedoing-liketransformerscientificresearchworktostarttocompareearly,the70'sintermediatestagesnamelyproducetheshipwiththe160kVAtransformer,themassproductionorintheendofthe80's,atpresentthebeltpadding,thepureresin,circlesapackageof3kindtoproduce,butoccupiesmostbythepureresin.Thedifficultfueloiltransformer1overseasoverseastohaveproducedthepetroleumclass,thefats,thesiliconeoilclassdifficultfueloiltransformer,accordingtoincompletestatistics,thetotalquantityhasreached10GVA,distributesineachbigcontinentuse.Thiskindofoilignitein300DegreeCelsiusabove,talliesinternationallyontothedifficultfueloilrequest,itsimumcapacityis60kV,15MVA.2thedomesticGuangzhouhigh-voltageequipmentplanttrialproducedS12in1988the200kVAfueloiltransformer,theTonghuatransformerfactoryhasnottrialproducedsiliconeoiltransformer315kVAin1985whichthesubwayused,theShenyangtransformerfactoryhastrialproducedMidel7131in1989difficultfueloiltransformer630kVA.Becausetheoilsourcepricehigh,therawmaterialisimpeded,laterhasnotreproduced.TheSF6transformer1overseasJapanisnowproducesSF6transformermostcountries,Mitsubishi,Toshiba,Hitachi,Fujicanproduce,firstthreehaveproduced275kV,300MVAtheSF6transformer,usesinJapan.Thesefourhavetheproducttoenterourcountry,mainlyis110kV,31.5~63MVA.Take63MVAastheexample,forthestronggasforced-aircooling,grossweight78t,mainbodySF6heavy450kg,theyear,installsundergroundinBeijing,Shenzhen,Shanghai,onthetransformersubstationmovement.2thedomesticourcountryBeijingsecondtransformerfactoryhasproduced10kVSF6transformerseries100~1000kVAtoreach100,atpresentalsoiscontinuingtoproduce.Tothe110kVlevelproduct,therelatedfactory,isbeingconsidered.TotheSF6transformer,intheworldhastwoviewpoints,onekindthoughtmayuse,notgreatlyaffectstotheenvironment;Onekindthoughtcannotuse,isinfluentialtotheenvironmentalprotection.Intheworldstilldidnothavetheconclusion,ornotstillatdiscussedtoitsdevelopment,shouldprudentlystudyThecombinedtypetransformersubstationandthecombinedtypetransformer1overseasEuropenamelyproduces24~36kVcombinedtypetransformersubstationfromthe60's,istheconventionaltransformersubstationhigh-voltageswitchequipment,thedistributiontransformer,thelowpressureswitchinggearcombinesissupplyingpowertogether.Ithasthevolumeyoung,theareayoung,thepricelow,suppliespowerquickaswellaspractical,isartistic,meritandsooneconomy,holdsthewidespreadmarketinEurope.InAmericas,becausefor,useselectricitythesystemcharacteristic,thenproduces10kVtoinsertpullsoutthetypetransformer,itisthesimplehighpressureloadswitch,thefuseinstallstotransformerboxinvivousestheelectriccableinsertionpowersupply,andthebeltarrester,hasthesimplehigh-pressuredprotection,inlowpressuresidethenonlyhasheads,themeritisthevolumesmall,thepricepositionislow.2thedomesticcombinedtypetransformerdomesticproductenhanceshigh-voltageswitchthermallystableelectriccurrent12kA16kA,isadvantageoustotheringnetpowersupply.Insertsto10kVpullsoutthetypetransformeralsotohavesomeimprovements,somehavematchedthelowpressurecabinetandsoon,convenientuser.Thesetwokindofproductsbecausetheamountofusebig,thesurfaceisbroad,alreadygraduallyinsubstitutiontraditionlowpressuretransformersubstationInthenext20years,thetransformerclassproducttechnologyeconomicindicatorwillhastenadvanced,thecrystallessalloyinmatcheschangesinthescopegraduallytosubstituteforthetraditionalsiliconsteelplate;Thecombinedtypetransformerandallfromprotectsthetransformerintomatchchangestheratioregularmeetingwhichinthescopeoccupiestoincreaseyearbyyear;Difficultfueloiltransformersooninhomeproductionpromotion;ThreeGorges500kV,the840MVAhostwillchangemesozoicallyproducesinthenexttenyearprojects,Itsexchangechangestheelectriccapacitytoreach24750MVA;The750kVlevelnorthwestsystemandthetransformerwillappearin2005;±500kVwilltradechangesthedepressortohavethecertainproduction;Millionvoltslevelssystemsanditsthetransformerwillappearintheourcountry21stcentury20's.Aboutthenext20years,thesuperconductivityusesinthetransformerproductioninthetechnology,economicalgeneralisfeasible.国内外变压器发展现状一个世纪以来,电力变压器原理未曾改变,随着年代的推进,先进生产设备日臻完善,因而各项技术参数愈来愈先进。配电变压器(1)国外国外配电变压器容量到2500kVA,有两种铁心型式:圆形与椭圆形。圆形的占绝大多数,椭圆形的由于铁心柱的间距小,因而用料可以减少,其对应线圈为椭圆形。低压线圈有线绕式与箔式,油箱有带散热管的与波纹式的。另外,美洲用三相四线制供电,多用单相变压器,这种供电制线路损耗小,运行经济,但变压器因多为单相,用料用工较三相多。(2)国内我国因供电制与欧洲一样,历来只做三相变压器,目前主要产品为新S9型,容量到1600kVA。新S9有较好的经济指标,也有很高的可靠性,做了800台产品的短路试验,从1996年试制鉴定,到1999年末已有400家工厂取得生产资格。有约10家工厂生产波纹式油箱,运行的新S9约占25%。干式变压器(1)国外环氧树脂浇注干式变压器,国外从60年代生产,技术日趋成熟。这种变压器有:带填料的、纯树脂的、绕包的,各种工艺、结构并存。据德国一位专家谈,电压最大到36kV,容量可达30MVA。德国一家工厂,年生产量在2000MVA以上。美国配电市场干变年产38万台,油浸式变压器148万台,干变台数占20,容量占30。欧洲配电油浸式变压器总有量<2500kVA的200万台,>2500kVA的160万台;干变总有量40万台,占10%。(2)国内浇注式干式变压器科研工作开始比较早,70年代中期即生产船用160kVA变压器,成批生产还是在80年代末,目前带填料、纯树脂、绕包的3种均生产,而以纯树脂的占多数。??难燃油变压器(1)国外国外已生产了石油类、脂类、硅油类难燃油变压器,据不完全统计,总量已达10GVA,分布在各大洲使用。这类油燃点均在300℃以上,符合国际上对难燃油的要求,其最大容量为60kV、15MVA。(2)国内广州高压电器厂于1988年试制了S12型200kVA不燃油变压器,通化变压器厂于1985年试制了地铁使用的硅油变压器315kVA,沈阳变压器厂于1989年试制了Midel7131难燃油变压器630kVA。由于油源价高、原料不畅,以后未再生产。SF6变压器(1)国外?日本是当今生产SF6变压器最多的国家,三菱、东芝、日立、富士均能生产,