2017中考英语-动词时态和语态

动词的时态和语态第一讲动词时态【考点分布】【考点内容】了解并能运用常考的六种时态，尤其熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、进行时等高频时态，正确辨析几种易混时态的区别。【命题趋势】I动词的时态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。六种时态的构成和用法I1.一般现在时种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句一般现在时（考查3次）1.现在经常性的状态或动作.be:用am/is/are；.实义动词：主语是第一、二人称用原形；第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加-s/-es；其它人称和数用动词原形often,sometimes,usually,always,never,twiceamonth,onSundays,Everyday/week/month/year...（every系歹U）Theboyusuallygetstoschoolearly.这个男孩经常到校很早。Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.月亮绕着地球转。【注：第三人称单数变化形式】a）一般情况动词在词尾加-e---comes speak---speaks work---works live---livesb）以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushesfix---fixes pass-passes watch---watchesc）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词变y为i力口-es.Study---studies carry-carries cry---criesd）以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-s.play---plays stay---stays【2013中考真题训练】1.Yourunclewillcometoseeyouassoonashe here.（arrive）（ ）2.Ourphysicsteachertolduslight fasterthansound.A.travels B.traveledC.travelingD.totravel【重庆1】Itwillbehardforustogetupinthemorningifwe tobedtoolate．A．go B.went C.willgoD.havegone【辽宁鞍山1】Itonly him20minutes tohisofficeeveryday.【重庆市A】InChongqing,youcanoftenseemanypeopledanceoutsidetogetherifit intheevening.【四川南允2】34.Carmenlikesmusicianswho differentkindsofmusic.A.plays B.playC.isplayingD.wasplaying【广东省1】—IwonderwhetherBrazilwillwinthematchlatertonight.—Gotobedfirst.Iwillwakeyouupassoonasthematch .A.startsB.startedC.willstartD.isstarting【四川广安2】一MayIspeaktoMsLane,please?—Sorry,sheisn’tinrightnow.I’lltellyouassoonasshe backtomorrow.A.comeB.comesC.willcome【山东滨州3】一Doyouknowifhewillcometomorrow?—No.Butifhe ,I’llcallyoutohaveamealtogether.A.willcomeB.won’tcomeC.comesD.doesn’tcome2.一般过去时I种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句一般过去时（考查10次）表示过去的动作或状态amomentago=justnow,ago,lastnight/week/month...（last 系列）,yesterday,theotherday,usedto，thedaybeforeyesterdayWewenttotheHistoryMuseumlastMonday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。Iwasbusyyesterday.我昨天很忙。【湖南邵阳1】30.Doyouhearjustnow?A.whatIsaidB.whatI'msayingC.whatIsays【浙江嘉兴2】Tomthepianoeverydaywhenhewasinprimaryschool.A.playsB.playedC.wasplayingD.hasplayed【2014山东菏泽2】---Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?

---Yes,I ittwentyminutesago.A.havefinishedB.finishedC.willfinishD.hadfinished3一般将来时种类意义构成特占八、、时间标志词例句备注 -将1.助动tonight,Thetwinswillgotothecine在时间般来词willtomorrow,mawiththeirparents和条件的(shallthedayaftertonight.状语从将动)+动词tomorrow,这对双胞胎今晚和父母一句中，作原形fromnowon,起去看电影。用一般来或2.am/is/soon,现在时状aregoininthefuture,代替一时态gto+动nextyear,next般将来词原形week/month/term..(next系列)时。【注意】|(1)见表格一般将来时|shall往往用于第一人称疑问句，will可用于任何人称。will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。’tworry.Billwillhelpyoulookafteryourdogwhenyou awayonbusiness.A.are B.were C.willbe D.havebeen.山东烟台Yesterdaytheteachertoldustheearth thesun.A.goesaroundB.wentaroundC.isgoingaroundD.wouldgoaround.湖南长沙---IthinkI’lltakeabustothemeeting. Thebus?Ifyou ,youwillbelate.A.do B.havedone C.willdo.四川宜宾Wedon’tknowifourfriend .Ifhe ,we’llletyouknow.A.comes,comes B.comes,willcome C.willcome,comes【新疆阜康市、米泉市2】—Mike，youlooksoexcited！—Yeah!There atennisgameplayedbyLiNathisevening.A.willhave B.isgoingtobeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobe【贵州黔西南1】There__abasketballmatchbetweenClassOneandClassThreethisafternoon.A.isgoingtobeB.willhave C.aregoingtobeD.isgoingtohave【2014四川南允4】Idon’tknowifTomheretomorrow.Ifhe,I’llcallyou.A.comes;comes B.willcome;willcomeC.comes;willcome D.willcome;comes云南1】Ifthere___nobuyingandsellingofanimals,therewillbenokillinginnature.A.isB.willbeC.hasD.willhave—I'mnotsure.Therearestill3roundstocome.A.won B.haswon C.willwinD.Wins【甘肃兰州3】Wewonderifourteacherstoourgraduatingpartynextweekend.Ifthey___，we’llbeveryhappy.A.willcome;willcome B.come;willcomeC.willcome;come D.come;come【安徽3】Mr.WanghasleftforGuangzhou.Heaspeechthereintwodays.A.givesB.gaveC.willgiveD.hasgiven

【山东枣庄1】IfImakealotofmoneyI___givesometomedicalresearchor

charities.A.amgoingto B.canC.will D.should4现在进行时种类意义构成特占八、、时间标志词例句备注现在进行时（考查1次）.现在时刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。.现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。am/is/are+动词的现在分词now,atpresent,atthemoment,thesedays,look,listenLook!Whatarethechildrendoingoverthere?看，孩子们在那边做什么？come,go,leave等少数动词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正或者删除 完整版学习资料分享 stop-stoppingbegin-beginningdig-diggingswim-swimmingrun-runningsit-sitting(注意：listen-listeningopen-openingeat-eatingrain-rainingsleep-sleeping).四川成都 Lily,whereisyourfathernow?Goandgethimforlunch. Justamoment,please.Father aphonecallinhisroom.A.makes B.ismaking C.wasmaking.江西MayIspeaktoMrs.Black? Sorry,mumcan’tcometothephonenow.She ashower.A.has B.had C.ishaving D.washaving3福建福州 Passtheraincoattome.It hardnow. Hereyouare.A.israining B.rained C.willrain.湖南株洲Don’tenterthearea.Thestudents anEnglishexam.A.takes B.aretaking C.havetaken.江苏南京 Hi,Nora.Isyourmotherathome?---Justaminute.She flowersinthegarden.ant B.isplanting C.planted D.wasplanted4过去进行时种类意义构成特占八、、时间标志词例句过过去was/wereatthattime,thisIwasreadingwhenhecamein去某时+动词的timeyesterday,.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。进正在现在分at1:00last—Whatwereyoudoingatninelast行进行词night,atthatnight?昨天晚上9点你止在干什时的动moment,then;么？作when表示过去—IwaswatchingTVatthattime.时间的状语从句那时我正在看电视。过去进行时的考点(1)在过去某个时间点或过去某个阶段发生的事情用过去进行时。(2)在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时；短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。【四川凉山3】---Itseemsthatyouarehappy.Why?---ImetanoldfriendofminewhileI onthestreet.A.walksB.walkC.waswalkingD.amwalking【江苏扬州4】一Hasyourfriendcompletedhisdesign?一Notyet.Heonitlastnight.A.workedB.hasworkedC.isworkingD.wasworking【湖南长沙3】LittleTomcomputergameswhenhismothergothome.A.isplayingB.playsC.wasplaying【甘肃兰州4】ShetoanEnglishprogramwhileherparentsTV.A.waslistening;iswatching B.listened;werewatchingC.waslistening;watched D.waslistening;werewatching【江苏无锡2】一HasDavidfinishedhisprojectyet?—Iguessnot.He___onitatlunchtime.Doyouwantmetoconfirmit?A.isworking B.wasworkingC.hasworked D.hadworked【山东威海4】—Alan!Whyareyousolate?—Sorry!WhenI home,Imetoneofmyoldfriends.A.wentB.amwalkingC.hasgoneD.waswalking5.现在完成时种类意义构成特占八、、时间标志词例句备注现在占完成时（考查9次）have/has+动词的过去分词yet,still,just,sofar,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since1996,inthelast/past...,fortenyears（for系列）HehasonlybeentotheGreatWallonce.他仅仅去过一次长城。IhavebeenintheYouthVolunteersforfiveyears.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。already,yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。【备注】：（1）already,yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末Ihavehadthebookfortwodays.这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had不用bought）IhavebeeninTokyofortwoweeks.我已经来东京两周了。（用beenin不用cometo）YesterdayIwenttothepark.昨天我去了公园。（仅说明昨天去了公园，与现在无关）LiLeihasreadthebook.李磊已看过那本书。（说明李磊了解那本书的内容）Haveyoueverpickedflowersorsteppedonthegrassinpark?你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗？Fatherboughtthatwatchtenyearsago.爸爸十年前买了那块手表。Ihaveneverseenthefilmbefore.我以前从没看过这部影片。Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海三天了。—WhereisTom?汤姆在哪里？—Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。Themanagerisn’tinhisoffice.He toKunmingonbusiness.(go)重庆A卷ItheHistoryMuseumtwice.I'velearnedalotthere.visit B.amvisiting C.havevisitedD.willvisit2.山东青岛WilliamShakespearefor400years,buthisworksstillhavegreatinfluencetoday.A.diedwasdying C.hasdiedD.hasbeendead3山东烟台---Lucyhas toLondon.HowcanIgetintouchwithher?---Don’tworry.Shewillphoneyouassoonasshe there.A.been,willgetB.been,gets C.gone,willgetD.gone,gets.四川自贡I myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit.A.wentawayfromB.havebeenawayfrom C.haveleft.江西Thewater darkanddirty.It’snolongersafetodrink.A.became B.hasbecome C.willbecomeD.wasbecoming.福建福州Theboymisseshisparentsverymuch. Sohedoes.They thehometownfornearlytwoyears.A.haveleft B.willleave C.havebeenaway.天津 Whatanicewatch!Howlong you it? Forjusttwoweeks.A.will,buy B.have,had C.were,havingD.did,buy.四川达州 Lookatthesestamps.I themforfiveyears. Wow,theyarefantastic.A.havekept B.havebought C.borrowed D.kept.四川攀枝花HespeaksEnglishverywellbecauseheintheUSfor20years.A.lives B.lived C.haslivedD.hadlived.山东威海 Isthatanewcoat? No,I itforalongtime.A.bought B.havebought C.havehad【方法突破】根据云南近四年真题分析可以看出，初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。学生应掌握动词时态的判断技巧来解题，①根据时间状语确定时态；②根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；③利用上下文句意和母语知识判断句子的时态；④在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态「.根据时间状语确定时态（考查3次）.根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态（考查6次）在这种情况下，动词的时态是由上下文已有的时态信息来确定，这就要求我们准确判断上下文所表达的时态信息来确定恰当的时态。【真题链接】大理35题】一Whatdoesyourmotherdotokeephealthy,Tim?—Sheusually .A.swimB.swimsC.isswimmingD.toswim.利用上下文语境判断句子的时态（考查7次）在有些情况下，动词的时态是由上下文语境来决定的，这就要求我们既要理解上下文表达的语境，也要掌握各种时态的灵活运用【真题链接】【云南30题】一WhereisJack?—Ontheplayground.He footballwithhisclassmates.A.play B.playedC.isplayingD.wasplaying.在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态, 主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：①“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时，从句是由when,after,before,not...until,as|soonas等引导的时间状语从句以及由if,unless引导的条件状语从句，谓语动词应 用一般现在时表示将来时。（考查3次）|【真题链接】【云南30题】Iftherenobuyingandsellingofanimals,therewillbenokillinginnature.②“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。（考查2次）|【2014曲靖48题】Aftertravelling,studentstalkedabout.A.whatdidtheygetB.whattheygotC.whatwilltheygetD.whattheyget③在主从复合句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。|【12.四川广安 Yunnanisverybeautiful.I therelastyear. Yes,I theretwice.A.went,havegoneB.went,havebeenC.havegone,wentD.havebeen,went13.四川南充 Howlong yourbrother thiscamera? Fortwoweeks.A.have,boughtB.have,had C.has,hadD.has,bought.甘肃武威Themovie forabout5minutes,solet’sseethenextone..江苏盐城ItseemsthatElNino somedisastersintheworldinthepastfewmonths.A.hascausediscausing C.willcauseD.caused.湖南郴州Yangjiang,afamousfemalewriter,foraboutamonthsofar.A.died B.hasbeendeadC.hasbeendied第二讲动词语态【考点分布】【考点内容】|熟悉各种时态的被动语态的形式和用法【命题趋势】1.在今后的中考中，仍以一般时态的被动语态考查为主2.在具体语境中，动词的语态的辨析是重点，主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时及含情态动词的被动语态。.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。（1）主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。ManypeoplespeakEnglish.很多人说英语。（2）被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.汉语被很多人说。（Chinese是动词speak的承受者）.被动语态的用法及构成：（1）被动语态的用法：①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如如:Mybikewasstolenyesterday.昨天我的自行车被偷了。（并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车）②强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。Thepenwasusedbymyfather.这支钢笔是我父亲使用过的。只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise,come,go,takeplace,happen等，没有被动语态。（2）被动语态由“系动词be+及物动词的过去分词（用done表示）”构成。常见的动词被动结构如下：时态被动结构例句一般现在时（考查3次）be（am/is/are）+动词的过去分词ThiskindofcarismadeinChina.这种车是中国制造的。

一般过去时(考查17次)be(was/were)+动词的过去分词Theflyingdiskwasinventedbycollegestudents.一般将来时(考查2次)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词Thebridgewillbefinishedinamonth.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。情态动词(考查3次)情态动词+be+过去分词Suchworkcanbedoneinanhourorso.1.重庆A卷Studentsdolesshomeworknow.UsuallyitA.finishesB.finishedC.isfinishedbefore9o’clockintheevening.)D.wasfinished.山东青岛Childrenshould tobehonestfromayoungage.A.educate B.beeducatedC.punish D.bepunished.山东泰安Morechances forstudentstolearnfromeachotherifworkingingroups.A.provide B.areprovidedC.provided D.willprovide.四川成都Youarenotsupposedtogotoafamilypartyunlessyou tointheUSA.A.arenotinvitedB.areinvited C.willbeinvited.江西Iplantobuildanunusualhouse.It outofoldthings.A.isbuilt B.has built C.wasbuilt D.willbe built.山东临沂NowallChinesecouple tohavetwochildren.A.allow B.allowed C.areallowed D.wereallowed注意：不能使用被动语态的情况(1)连系动词，如：look,feel,smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。Yourbedroomisinamess.Itneedscleaningrightnow.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理。Thestoryhappenedonacoldnight.(J)Thestorywashappenedonacoldnight.(X)故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)转换图示：

主动语态：They被动语态：Atreewasplantedbe+过去分词主变宾，谓语动词用被动planted主动语态：They被动语态：Atreewasplantedbe+过去分词主变宾，谓语动词用被动planted宾语变主语(2)方法突破：分析近几年考情发现，涉及语态的试题的选项中通常有两个主动，两个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：①读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出，若为主语发出，用主动语态，若不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。|②再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。注意：不能使用被动结构的情况(1)连系动词，如：look,feel,smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些词组的主动形式表被动含义，如：needdoing(需要做某事)，beworthdoing(值得做某事)等。Yourbedroomisinamess.Itneedscleaningrightnow.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。(3)表示“发生”的happen或takeplace，无被动结构。Thestoryhappenedonacoldnight.(J)Thestorywashappenedonacoldnight.(X)故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。.湖南长沙Nowsmartphones inmanywaysinourdailylife.A.areused B.isused C.areusing.福建福州 Whenisthe31thOlympicGames? It inRio