2019年英语新外研选修七讲义Module6SectionⅢGrammar-虚拟语气和状语从句

SectionⅢGrammar—虚拟语气和状语从句语法图解探究发现①Theyhaverecommendedthatthesitebeclosedandrepaired.②Theyhavesuggestedthatthegeneralpublicbeencouragedtohelpwiththeproblem.③AprofessorattheAcademyhasproposedthatafundbeestablishedtoraisemoney.④MaryspeaksasifshewereChinese.⑤It'shightimethatweshouldhave/hadarest.⑥Aslongasyou'vegotaraincoat,you'llbeOK.⑦Juststaywhereyouareanddon'tmove.⑧Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.⑨Whateverhappens,you'regoingtohaveamarveloustime.⑩Thelittlechildeatswhateverwegivehim.[我的发现](1)以上句中，①～⑤句谓语动词均使用了虚拟语气。①、②、③从句中用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。(2)⑥～⑧句中黑体部分分别引导条件、地点、让步状语从句。(3)由⑧句可知，as引导让步状语从句时，句子要采用倒装语序。(4)⑨句中黑体部分引导让步状语从句，⑩句中引导名词性从句。一、虚拟语气虚拟语气用于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，常可表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等，其虚拟语气往往是由“(should＋)动词原形”构成。1．宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)一般用法在表示命令、建议、劝告、欲望、要求、主张这一类动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略。这类动词有suggest(建议),insist(坚持要求),demand,request,desire,order,advise,propose,command,recommend等。Shesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.她建议我们第二天早点出发。Thedoctorinsistedthepatient(should)besenttohospitalimmediately.医生坚决要求这个病人立刻被送往医院。Thebossrequestedthatthesecretary(should)typeouttheplaninfiveminutes.老板要求秘书在五分钟内把计划打印出来。Theworkerrecommendedthatthemachine(should)becheckedonceaweek.工人建议这台机器应该一周检查一次。[名师点津]①当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。②表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等的名词后面接同位语从句、表语从句时，从句中谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。(2)wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词主要有三种形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(虚拟过去：从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”,虚拟现在：从句谓语用一般过去时，be动词通常用were,虚拟将来：从句谓语形式为“would/could/should/might,＋动词原形”))Wewishwehadstudiedmorehardwhenatschool.我们上学时能学习再努力一点就好了。IwishIweretaller.我的个子要是再高一点儿就好了。IwishIcouldfly.我要是能飞就好了。Iwishhewouldtryagain.我希望他能再试一次。(3)wouldrather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语主要有两种形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(虚拟现在或将来：didbe动词一般用were,虚拟过去：haddone))Iwouldratheryoucametoseemetomorrow.我宁愿你明天来看我。Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldmethefact.我宁愿你没有告诉我实情。[即时演练1](1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①Theywishthatpriceswoulddecline(decline)．②Heorderedthatthestudents(should)wash(wash)theclotheseveryweekbythemselves.③I'dratheryoudidn'tmake(not,make)anycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.④(陕西高考改编)Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eat(eat)outforachangethisweekend.(2)完成句子①HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他坚持说我看过他的信。②HeinsistedthatI(should)seethefilm.他坚持要我看看那部电影。③Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。④Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasacheat.他说的话表明他是一个骗子。2．主语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在Itis/wassuggested(requested,required,ordered,proposed,decided,etc.)that...句型中，it是形式主语，从句常用虚拟语气，谓语为“(should＋)动词原形”。Itisrequiredthatthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.学校要求学生在学校必须穿校服。Itissuggestedthatparents(should)spendmoretimewiththeirchildren.人们建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子在一起。(2)Itis/wasimportant/necessary/natural/strange/apity/nowonder...＋thatsb.shoulddo...Itisapitythatheshouldfailtopassthedrivingtest.真遗憾他竟然没有通过驾驶测试。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.我们有必要事先做好准备。Itisimportantthateverypupil(should)beabletounderstandtherulesofschool.重要的是学生都能了解校规。[即时演练2](1)完成句子①Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.要求任何人不要在此抽烟。②Itisimportantthatenoughmoney(should)becollectedtofundtheproject.重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。③It'ssuggestedthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.有人建议我们应该照顾好病人。(2)句型转换①Itisimportantforteenagerstolearnskills.→Itisimportantthatteenagersshouldlearnskills.②Peoplerequiredthattheearthshouldbeprotectedwell.→Itisrequiredthattheearthshouldbeprotectedwell.3．表语从句中的虚拟语气基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋be＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形Thedoctor'sadvicewasthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.医生的建议是你应该戒烟。4．同位语从句中的虚拟语气基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形Theyoungmanfollowedhisdoctor'sadvicethathe(should)giveupdrinking.那个年轻人接受了医生让他戒酒的建议。[名师点津]表语从句和同位语从句中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词有advice,desire,order,proposal,recommendation,request,plan,idea,requirement,suggestion,demand等。[即时演练3](1)完成句子①Hisorderisthattheproblem(should)besolvedatonce(问题应马上解决)．②Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight(今晚我们应该开个会)．③Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe(should)askourteacherforhelp(我们应该请求老师帮忙)．④Hisdemandisthatwe(should)doourworkmorecarefully(我们做工作应该更细心些)．(2)单句改错①HisfathergaveanorderthathekeepsadiaryinEnglisheveryday.keeps→keep②Imadeasuggestionthathewillputanadvertisementinthelocalpaper.will→should或去掉will③Ourdesireisthatthematchwillbeputoff.will→should或去掉will④Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialmustbeheatedtoitsburningtemperature.must→should或去掉must5．在asif/though引导的从句中的虚拟语气从句用过去时表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑从句用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设Itseemsasifitwerespring.现在好像是春天似的。Sheappearedasifshehadknownnothingaboutit.她看上去对此一无所知。6．It's(high)time...句式中的虚拟语气在Itis(high)time...句式中，time后的从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。Itistimewedid/shoulddosomethingforourcountry.到了我们该为国家做些事情的时候了。Itishightimeyoucleaned/shouldcleantheclassroom.到了你该打扫教室的时候了。[即时演练4]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Theytalkedaboutthecityasthoughtheyhadbeen(be)therebefore.②Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknow(not,know)thethingatall.③It'shightimethatwegot/shouldget(get)downtoourwork.④Thattreelooksasifitwasn'twatered(not,water)foralongtime.⑤It'stimethatpeoplepaid/shouldpay(pay)attentiontotheenvironment.⑥(辽宁高考改编)Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathedid/shoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalking.二、状语从句状语从句是在复合句中作状语的从句，本单元主要讲的是地点状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。1．地点状语从句地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，常用where,wherever等引导。Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本是不可能的。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。[名师点津]where表示特指的某个地方；wherever表示泛指任何地方。[即时演练5]选词填空(where,wherever)/句型转换①Hemustgowhereverwesendhim.②Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.③(重庆高考改编)Halfanhourlater,Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxiwherethebushaddroppedher.④Wemustcampintheplace,wherewecangetwater.→Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.2．条件状语从句条件状语从句可置于句首或句尾，常用if,unless,as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat等引导。Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足。Iwillnotgotothepartyunlesshegoesthere,too.除非他也去，否则，我也不会去参加聚会的。Youcangoouttoplayaslongasyoustayinthebackyard.只要不出后院，你就可以出去玩。Incaseyouneedsomething,pleasedon'thesitatetoletmeknow.如果你需要什么东西，请告诉我，别客气。[即时演练6]连词填空①Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon'tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.②Youmayborrowthebookso/aslongasyoukeepitclean.③(湖南高考改编)Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.④Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.3．让步状语从句常见引导词有though,while(一般位于句首)，although,evenif/eventhough,as,nomatter＋疑问词等。Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,eventhoughhe'sinhisnineties.(2016·北京高考)我爷爷尽管已经九十多岁了，仍然不时地打打网球。Althoughbirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.(2017·北京高考)虽然鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。Nomatterhow(＝However)difficultitis,Iwillovercomeit.无论它多么难，我都会克服它。[名师点津](1)as引导让步状语从句需倒装，将表语、状语或部分谓语提前；表语是名词时，其前不带冠词；though引导的状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。(2)nomatter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句；疑问词＋ever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。[即时演练7](1)连词填空①However/Nomatterhowpurethewaterlooks,Idonotwanttodrinkit.②Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.③Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,hekeptonworking.④Objectas/thoughyoumay,I'llgo.⑤Wewon'tbediscouragedevenif/thoughwefailtentimes.(2)句型转换①Thoughsheisapopstar,shestillneedstoimprove.→Popstaras/thoughsheis,shestillneedstoimprove.②Whateveryousay,I'llneverchangemymind.→Nomatterwhatyousay,I'llneverchangemymind.③Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.→Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theymadeanrequirementthatwe(should)accompany(accompany)themonthetrip.2．Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhefocused(focus)moreonitsculture.3．It'simportantthathe(should)ask(ask)adviceofotherpeopleabouthiswork.4．Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatterhowfullone'sscheduleisinlife.5．Although/Thoughlifeisfullofupsanddowns,wherethereislife,thereishope.6．Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.7．Hotasthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.8．Unlesswehaveenoughevidence,wecan'twinthecase.9．Youcanborrowmycaras/solongasyoupromisenottodrivetoofast.10．Itishightimewestudied/shouldstudy(study)harder.Ⅱ.完成句子1．WhereverIam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。2．Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.如果你不太累，我们出去散散步。3．Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。4．Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itisreallytrue.信不信由你，这确实是真的。5．Whateverhappened,hewouldnotm