生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译

文献出处：CroxtonK.LTheresearchoffreshfoode-commercelogisticsdistributionmodefJ].TheInternationalJournalofLogisticsManagement,2017,1(2):13-24.原文Theresearchoffreshfoode-commercelogisticsdistributionmodeCroxtonKLAbstractWiththedevelopmentofelectroniccommerceenterprise,fromtheInternetshoppinghasbeengraduallydeepintothepeople’slife,sothatpeoplewanttobutheInternettobeassuredthatthereisanincreasingdemandorireshagriculturalproducts.Thisrareagriculturalsocializationtrendofconsumptionalsooffersfreshelectroniccommercedevelopmentopportunities,butnowistheactualsituationoffreelectroniccommercedevelopmentisnotveryoptimistic.Forfreshfoode-commerce，duetotheparticularityoffreshproducts,itrequiresthelogisticsdistributioncanbeaccordingtotherequirementsofthecustomerattherighttimetoprovideenoughfrproducts，itisforthelogisticsservicequalityandtimeputforwardhigherrequireme，deliveryisnotyetmature，distributioncostsarehigh，lowefficiencyandservicelevelisoftendifficulttoguarantee，freshproductslogisticsdistributionisabottlenecKinthedevelopmentofthem.Keywords:freshfoode-commerce，distributionpattern，coldchainlogistics,andriskcontrol1IntroductionFarmers1marketsandsupermarketsisthetraditionalchannelsofcityresidentstobuyfreshagriculturalproducts,butwiththedevelopmentofsocialeconspeedboost,therhythmofpeople’slifeinthecitythaneveralsohadobviousincrease，’’workers•’duetothelimitationofworkinghours,oftentheproblemisthereareveryfewtimeatafarmers’marketorsupermarkettobuyfreshproduce，evenafterworkatfarmers’marketsorsupermarketstobuythefreshagriculturalproducts,cangoodsisnotfresh.Withthedevelopmentofelectroniccommerceenterprise,fromthInternetshoppinghasbeengraduallydeepintothepeople'slife,sothatpeoplewanbuyontheInternettobeassuredthatthereisanincreasingdemandoffreshagriculproducts，especiallyfor"workers'thisismoreurgentdemand.B2C，C2Ce-commercebusinessnowmoreconcentratedintheelectronicproducts,clothingandcompletelyprocessedfood,forthepresentstageofbasiclogisticservicecansatisfytherequirementsofwebsitewiththecustomer.Thisarticleismainlyintheelectroniccommercelogisticsdistributionmodeoffreshresearchaspects，basedonfreshfromtheactualsituationofelectroniccommerceandthecloseanalysisofkeyelementfreshfoode-commerce，summarizesthreedifferentwithgeneraldistributionmodeoffreshfoode-commercelogisticsdistributionmode,characteristicsofthepatterndesignisbyfreshgoodcooperationfromtheelectroniccommerceinformationonlineandofflinebusiness,toreducethefreshrawe-commerceproductlinethedifficultyofthelogisticsdistribution，thusmaketheenterprisetoofflinelogisticscostishigh，theefficiencyisnothightomakeagooddealwiththeproblemof.2LiteraturereviewResearchoffreshagriculturalproductssafety,F.Schwagele(2005)abouttheEuropeanfreshagriculturalproductstraceabilityforthedevelopmentofhistory，Europeforfreshfoodformulatedlawsandregulations,foodcompaniesarerequiredthavetheirowntraceabilitysystem,toensuretransparencyinthewholeprocessoffoodproductionchain，canverify，isproducedinEuropeaftertheoutbreakofaseriesoffoodsafetyaccidents;ListstheEuropenowusetraceabilitechnologyy，suchascodingsystemEANUCC(2002)-AIDCbarcode,electronicdatamanagementsystemandRFID.K.E^Belk,J.A.Scangaetal.(2005)totracethehistoryofthedevelopmentheAmericanfood,theythinkthattheUnitedStatesthaninEuropeandJapaninteroffoodtraceabilitybackward，atthesametimepointsoutthattheCarrefourandotherlargeretailenterprisesintheapplicationofRFIDtechnologyplayedanimportantrmainlyadoptsmonomergreatsignificancebyIAIDandgrouprecognitionAGIDtwomethodsonthemeatrecognition.Researchoffreshagriculturalproductssupplychainknowledge,RDabbene,P.GayandN.Sacco(2008)arguethatproducerawmaterialsfromleavegrowersormeatslaughterhousetotheterminalconsumerimpactonthecostandqualityofthisproceplayakeyrole,soitisnecessaryforfreshagriculturalproductssupplychaintodoenoughresearch.OmarAhumada,J.ReneVillaobos(2009)arguethatduetoaseriesofpublichealthproblems,thesupplychainofagriculturalproductswillfacemorestrictrulesandclosemonitoring.Infreshagriculturalproductsdistribution，AnaOsvald，LidijaZadnikStirn(2008)offreshvegetablesdistributionpathoptimizationalgorihasmadetheresearchofvehicle，andaccordingtotheworkingtimewindow，distributionvehicletraveltimeandvegetablesperishablecharacteristicstheimpacthecostdistributionpathmodelisputforward-OmarAhumada,J.ReneVillaobos(2009)studiedthefreshcropatharvestanddistributionoftwolinkplanningproble，themodelputforwardbythemtoprovideplantedwithmaximumbenefits.ForresearchofColdChainlogistics，AmericansAlbert，Braille(AlbertBarrier)andtheBritishJ.A.laidiqi(J.A.Ruddich)attheendofthe19thcenturelaboratedontheColdChain(ColdChain)pointofview.But，until1940，coldchainpointofviewtotheattentionoftheworld.C-DTarantilis(2002),suchastheprobledistributionroutebetweenthefreshmeatinmultiplewarehousewasstudied，andtherandomsearchheuristicalgorithmandthresholdacceptingalgorithmtosolvethisproblem,thisproblemhasalottothebenefitsofeconomicbenefitstotheenterprise.KualaLumpurikaretc.(2006)putforwardduringthecold-chainfoodsalesandstoragoffoodcoldchainmanagementqualityhasagreatinfluence.R.Montanari(2008)analyzedtheimpactofsupplychainundertheconditionofperishablefoodquality，time,temperaturecontrolisakeyissue,startingfromthepointofviewoftechnoandmanagementwereputforwardtosolvetheproblem.AndrejOvcaetc.(2009)putforwardtheconsumerneedforperishablefoodfromprocurementtousetheentirecolchainmaintenanceofcognitivedeficiencies.Chaug-IngHsu(2011)developedakindoftemperaturedistributionofequipmentmodel,usingreplaceablecoolstoragetechnologincubatortomeettheneedsofdistributionnetwork.Theanalysisoffreshfoode-commercedistributionfactorFrozentechnicalFreshrawproductsine-commercelogisticsdistributionofcoolingfreshifreshfoode-commerceisveryimportantlink,freshproductsinsalesinthewholeprocessoftheentirecoldchainisthenecessarymeasuresofkeepingfreshoffreshproducts，freshproductscoldchaininthewholeprocessofthefreezingtechnologyincludestwoparts:oneistherefrigeration;2itisfresh.Refrigerationisinrawrawmaterialsgettomaintainproductfreshnessaftercoolingprocess.Freshproductsrefrigerationcanbedividedforrefrigeratedandfrozen.Freshontheapplicationofreezingtechnology,e-commerceistocontrolthequalityofthegoodfreshproduct，alsocontrolthecostoflogisticsdistribution.Refrigerationtechnologyinfreshitimportanttotheoperationofe-commerce，freshfoode-commerceenterpriseshall，onthebasisofexistingfacilitiesdevelopmentsuitedtotheirownrefrigerationtechnosuchasfreshdirectagainsttheirgoodsfordistributionincarspecialrenovation，soastoachievethegoalofeconomicalandpractical•DistributionnetworkDuetothediversityoffreshfood，alotoffreshfoodisaregionalrestriction;second，cold-chaindistributionnetworkradiuscannottoobig;otherwisethecostistoohigh.Freshproductsbecauseofthehighrequirementsfordeliveryandsthecharacteristicsofshorttime,thetraditionallogisticsnetworklayoutofgenerainacertainextent,notonlycan'tsatisfypeople'sneeds,butalsocancausealotofresourcesallocationisnotreasonable.Freshdistributionnetworkofe-commerceinvolvedhavefreshproductbase，productionandprocessingbase,refrigeratedwarehouse，logisticscenteranddistributioncenter,ifusethethirdpartylogisticsenterprisedistribution,distributionnetworkinvolvesafreshproductbase,productionandprocessingbase，refrigeratedwarehouse,thirdpartylogisticsofthelogisticscentanddistributioncenter.Cold-chainlogisticsnetworkineachnode,ifcaneffectiveintheentirenetworklayout，willimproveontheefficiencyofcoldchainlogisticshasalotofhelp,cold-chainlogisticsnetworklayoutmodelisroughlydividedintosingleeconomiesofcold-chainlogisticsnetwork，theareaofcold-chainlogisticsnetworkandcross-regionalcold-chainlogisticsnetwork.InformationsystemFreshe-commercelogisticsinformationsystem,itisfreshonlineoperationandofflineoperationandefficientelectricitywithindispensablelink,toensuretlineofthecoldchainrunefficiently,inadditiontocoldstoragefacilitiesandatechnology，alsoneedtohaveadvancedcold-chaininformationsystemforeffectivemanagement.Bycomputerhardware,computersoftwareandinformationresourcestogether，throughtheman-machinecombinationisknownastheinformationsystemtohandletheflowofinformationsystem,onthebasisofthefunctionsandfeaturesoflogistics,thecomputernetworktechnology,electronicdatainterchange(edit)technologyandtheinformationsystemappliedtoeachlinkoflogisticsoperation.Freshe-commercelogisticsdistributionuseofmoderninformationtechnologyhasthefollowingkinds:technology，electroniccommerceisintheInternetopennetworkenvironment，basedonbrowser/serverapplication，realizeconsumeronlineshopping,onlinetransactionsbetweenmerchantsandonlineelectronicpaymentofanewtypeofcommercialoperationmode.Supplychainmanagementsystem,electronicordersystem,intelligenttransportationsystems,EPCsystemandbarcodetechnologyarefresh，commontechnologyine-commerceapplication.Supplychainmanagementsystem,basedonsupplychainmanagementthoughtsastheinstruction,willlinkeachentityinthesupplychainbusinessthroughinformation，logistics，informationflow，documentflow,businessflowandcashflow)ofcommunicationtoachieveseamlessconnectionsystemmodel.Intelligenttransportationsystem，vehicleinformation,theroadmapandafixedinputofuserinformationintegrationofcomputalgorithm,byusingcomputertechnology,sensortechnology,artificialintelligenceotheradvancedtechnologyeffectivelytointegratecomprehensiveapplicationinthetransportofgoods,thusforminganaccurateandefficientautomatictransportsystem3Theproblemsoffreshfoode-commercelogisticsdistributionFreshe-commercedistributionprobleminvolvesmainlybycoldchainlogistics,asaresultofthelimitationofhardwareandsoftwareaspectsoverallsi，mainproblemsareasfollows:Theconstructionofinfrastructure.Lowtemperaturelogisticsnow，refrigeratedfacilitieisalotofmechanical,refrigerationtechnologyisrelativelybackward,thehardwarefacilitiesoflaggingbehindandmodernizationlevelofaserishortageofprofessionalcoldchainvehicle,inordinarylossisverybig,intheprotransportationanddeliveryusedlogisticscostsaloneaccountedforseventypercenthecostofperishablegoods，someinfrastructureconstructionwillnotbeabletoprovidesecurityforthecoldchainoffoodcirculationsystem.Frozenprocessingcapacityislimited.Frozenprocessingisthemainequipmentofaircooler,frozencarcassmeat,forexample,intheaircooleristotoforfrozencarcassmeatfleshandbones,causingcompletelyunnecessarywaste,andthefficiencyisnothigh.Althoughindividualfrozenprocessinghaveinstalledbetweenadvancedcontactplatefreezer,butisstillafarcryfromwhattopopularizeandapTransportfacilities,lossarebig.Transportinfrastructuredevelopment,bothrailwayandhighway,whetherontheproportionofvehiclesorcoldchainonthetraffic.Onthecoldchaintransport,railwaycold-chaintransportaccoufortwentypercentoftotalfoodcold-chaintransportandahalf,butforrailwayfvolumeislessthan1%.Thefrozenstorageandeconomicdevelopmentdoesnotmatch.Frozenstorageofallaspectsoftheconditionsarenotenoughtosupporttherapiddevelopmentofcoldchainlogistics.Especiallytheconstructionofcoldstorage，bothfromlayoutofcoldstorageandcoldstoragecapacity，isnotconducivetotherapiddevelopmentofcoldchainstorage.Coldstoragemorefocusedonthelayoutofthecittheoriginofaseriousshortageofcoldstorage;Commoncoldstoragecapacitycanftmeettherequirementsofcoldchainnow.Coldstoragerefrigerationtechnologyand，ontheotherhand，tothetemperaturecontrolandmonitoringtechnologyincoldstoragearecomparativelylargedifferencewithinternationalstandards，theimprovementoftheneedtoagreatextent.Thecoldchainlogisticsmanagementlagsbehind.Cold-chainlogisticsneedsthroughstrictmanagementtoachievetheenterprise'smanagementgoal，butnowmanagement,duetolackofcorrectunderstandingofcoldchainlogistics,coldchainoftenappearthe’’chain”phenomenon:brokenfromfarmtothewholesale，freshfruitsandvegetablesoftenrailedtodopreliminarycoldtreatment;Inprimaryprocessingandsortingareawithoutcryogenicenvironment.译文生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究CroxtonKL摘要伴随着电子商务企业的发展，从网络上购物的方式已经逐渐的深入到了居民的生活中，以至于人们希望在网络上能够购买到放心的生鲜农产品的需求越来越大。这种生鲜农产品消费的社会化大趋势也为生鲜电子商务的发展提供了机遇，可是现在的实际情况是生鲜电子商务的发展并不是很乐观。对于生鲜电子商务来说，由于生鲜产品的特殊性，它要求物流配送能够按照客户的要求在正确的时间为客户提供足够新鲜的产品，它对相应物流配送服务的质量和时间提出了更高的要求，配送业务还不成熟，配送成本往往很高，效率低下，服务水平也经常难以保证，生鲜产品的物流配送是它们发展的一个瓶颈。关键词：生鲜电子商务，配送模式，冷链物流，风险控制1引言农贸市场和超市是城市居民购买生鲜农产品的传统渠道，但随着社会经济的发展速度的提升、城市中人们生活的节奏与以往相比也有了明显的加快，“上班族”由于工作时间的限制，常常发生的问题是很少有时间在农贸市场或者超市购买的生鲜农产品，即使下班后在农贸市场或者超市购买到了生鲜农产品，可能买到的商品也不是新鲜的了。伴随着电子商务企业的发展，从网络上购物的方式已经逐渐的深入到了居民的生活中，以至于人们希望在网络上能够购买到放心的生鲜农产品的需求越来越大，尤其是对于“上班族”来说，这种需求更加显得迫切。现在B2C、C2C电子商务网站的业务多集中在电子产品、服饰以及完全加工后的食品，对于现阶段的物流配送服务基本可以满足网站与客户的需求。本文主要是在生鲜电子商务的物流配送模式方面进行的研究，通过对生鲜电子商务的现实情况与对生鲜电子商务关键要素的仔细分析，总结了三种与一般配送模式不一样的生鲜电子商务物流配送模式，模式设计的特点是通过生鲜电子商务线上信息与线下业务的良好配合，来降低生鲜电子商务生鲜产品线下物流配送的难度，从而使企业对线下物流配送成本高，效率不高的问题做出很好的应对。2文献综述对生鲜农产品安全的研究有，F.Schwagele(2005)讲诉了欧洲生鲜农产品可追溯性发展的历史，欧洲针对生鲜食品制定法规，要求食品企业要有自己的追溯系统，用来保证食品制造链的全程透明、可查证，是在欧洲爆发一系列食品安全事故后产生的；并列出了欧洲现在运用的追溯技术，如编码系统EAN-UCC(2002)条码、电子数据管理系统AIDC以及RFID。K.E.Belk,J.A.Scanga等人(2005)对美国食品追溯发展的历史做出了讲解，他们认为美国在食品追溯方面比欧洲和日本落后，同时指出家乐福等大型零售企业在RFID技术的推广应用上起到了很大的推动作用，主要采取单体识别IAID和群体识别AGID两种方法在肉类识别上。对生鲜农产品供应链知识的研究有，F.Dabbene，P.Gay和N.Sacco(2008)认为农产品原材料从离开种植者或者肉类离开屠宰场到终端消费者的这一过程对成本和品质的影响起到关键作用，因此有必要对生鲜农产品的供应链做充分的研究。OmarAhumada，J.ReneVillaobos(2009)认为由于一系列的公共健康问题的发生，农产品供应链将面临更严格的规定和更严密的监控。在生鲜农产品配送方面的研究，AnaOsvald，LidijaZadnikStirn(2008)对生鲜蔬菜的车辆配送路径优化算法做出了研究，并根据工作时间窗、配送车行车时间和蔬菜易腐的特点对成本的影响提出了配送路径模型。OmarAhumada，J.ReneVillaobos(2009)研究了生鲜农作物在收割和配送两个环节的规划问题，他们提出的模型旨在为种植着提供最大化的收益。 对于冷链物流的研究，美国人阿尔贝特·巴尔里尔(Albert Barrier)和英国人J.A.莱迪齐(J.A.Ruddich于)19世纪末先后阐述了对冷藏链(ColdChain的)观点。可是，一直到1940年，冷藏链的观点才引起了世人的关注。C.D Tarantilis等(2002)对鲜肉在多个仓库间配送路线的问题进行了研究，并用随机搜索的启发式算法和阀值接受算法来解决这个问题，这个问题的解决对企业的经济收益有很大的好处。K.Likar等(2006)提出了在冷链食品销售和储存期间冷链管理对食品质量维持有很大的影响。R.Montanari(2008)分析了供应链条件下影响易腐食品质量，时间、温度的控制是一个关键问题，并提出从技术和管理角度入手来解决这一问题。Andrej Ovca等(2009)提出消费者对易腐食品需要从采购到使用全程冷链维护的认知不足。Chaug-IngHsu等(2011)提出了了一种多温共配的设备模型，利用可更换的蓄冷保温箱技术来满足分销业务网络的需求。3生鲜电子商务配送要素分析3.1冷冻技术分析生鲜电子商务物流配送中生鲜产品的冷却保鲜是生鲜电子商务非常重要的环节，生鲜产品在销售的整个过程中全程冷链是生鲜产品保鲜的必要措施，生鲜产品的全程冷链的冷冻技术包含两部分内容：一是制冷；二是保鲜。制冷是在生产品原料获取后为保持产品的新