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本文格式为Word版,下载可任意编辑——英语教学研究方法DoingexperimentContent2345HaveacontroledlookatexperimentHaveacontroledlookatexperimentTrytomanipulateelementsoftheenviromentthatistocontrolsomevariablestoseeeffectoftheperancethatistoestablishorprovesomeconsequenceEmphasizetoresearchinasnaturalanenviromentaspossibleExperimentExperimentVSOthersOthers双击此处添加文字内容测验研究是为验证某理论或假设所开展的有筹划的实践测验时要确定测验组和对照组设定自变量与因变量摈弃干扰变量研究者通过操纵自变量查看测验组与对照组在因变量上的差异最终确定两类变量之间的因果关系从而得到确定的科学结论测验研究一般回复类似A是否对B产生影响这一类问题WhatisexperimentAnexperimentisacontrolledlookatnatrueTheexperimentersetupataskinwhichthestructureofthetaskisexplicitthenatureoftheperancebeingstudiedisexplicitandthequestionthatisbeingaskedispreciseExperiment一般用于自然科学测验中测验对象一般是自然物质或动植物测验时需要对测验对象测验环境测验步骤举行严格操纵摈弃一切干扰变量的影响所得结果才能透露所要研究变量之间的真正关系QuasiexperimentSharemanysimilaritieswiththetraditionalexperimentaldesignwhilerelaxsomeexpectsofcontroltoestimatethecausalimpactofaninterventiononitstargetCausesinpracticeitisrareforteacherstohavethepowertomanipulatethecontextsandthetaskstotheextentthattrueexperimentationdemandsandusuallytoomanyvariablesforthemalltobeeffectivelycontrolledWhyexperimentAncontrolledlookatexperimentRequirementoffalsifiabilityassociatedwithmuchpositivisticresearchthehypothesisismorelikelytobephrasedinnullwhichtheexperimenttriestorejectTherewillbenodifferenceininteractionlevelsfollowingwholeclassquestionsandquestionsaddressedtogroupsIftheexperimentfoundtherewasadifferencethishypothesiswouldberejectedThedirectionofthedifferencewouldthenbeuatedfavouringoneorotherofthetreatmentwholeclassroomquestionswillstimulatemoreinteractionthanquestionaddressedtosubgroupsTheprecisequestionwholeclassroomquestionswillstimulatelessinterationthanquestionaddressedtosubgroupswithstudentsofxproficiencydoingytypeoflanguagelearningtaskinmonolingualclassroomsThecrucialvariablesbeingmanipulatedwhichthehopothesisconcernsargumentaboutexperimentaltechniquesoftenconcernsthidityoftherelationshipbetweentheIVandthehypothesisUsuallyadiferencebetweentheparticipantswhichmaysystematimaticallyorunsystematicallyaffecttheresultsInaquestionairestudyinterstmightfocusonthewaytwodifferentkindsofpupileggirlsandboysansweredthequestionsHeresexwouldbeamoderatorvariableUsOftenitisdifficulttoseperateoutvariablesfromoneanothersatisfactorilyinthepresentcasetheresearcherwouldhaveadifficulttimesortingoutthedifferencebetweenagroupworktaskandagroupworkseatingpositionThesetwovariableswhichmightbeimportantaresofarconfoudedConfoundingvariablesareundesirablefeaturesofexperimentsThesearethemeasuresoftheeffectofthemanipulationoftheIVInourexampletheinteractionlevelpresumablysomemeasureofamountoftalknumberofstudentturnsofspeachandsoonAnexplicittaskwhichcanbemeasuredSufficientparticpantRepresentativenessofsomesomelargergroupingInthecasetherewouldhavetobesufficientparticipantstoensureameaningfuldifferentcebetweenthewholeclassandthesubgroupsThesamestudentsatdifferenttimesRequirefewerpeopleandbemoresensitivesubjecttoproblemsofordertwodifferentgroupsRequiremorepeoplebelesssensitivenotsubjecttoordereffectsControlsandcounterbalanceHowtocontrolforsystematicbiasesamongthepeopleparticipatingtoassignthemtothetreatmentgroupsatrandommatchthestudentsascloselyaspossiblebyhavingthemdotestsofproficiciencylevelattitudepersonalitytypeaptitudeandsofortheffectsoforderofpresentationoftheexperimentaltreatmentswouldhavetobecounterbalancedConsequencestoreducepossiblerivalinterpretationsbycontrollingtheireffectstoincreasetheartificialityofthesituationatleastascomparedtothenormalcontextofthelearnersandteachererseverydayexperiencethegreatertheinfluenceofsuchdesignmeasuresthenearertheresearchistoatrueexperimentresultresultmeasurementsproducedbythedatacollectioninstrumentsconfoundingvariablesoriginalhypothesishypothesisArethe
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