阅读完形专练教师

启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017阅读完形专练一、阅读理解AHowdoesyourskinsmell?Prettywell,asitturnsout,thankstoreceptorsthatcanbefoundalloveryou.What,smore,theycouldhelpyouheal.Therearemorethan350typesofolfactory(嗅觉)receptorsinthenose,noticingdifferentscents.About150arealsofoundinbodyissuessuchasthoseoftheheart,liverandgut(胃)，buttheyarehardtostudy.HannsHatt,slabatRuhrUniversityBochuminGermanyfocusedonskin,whichiseasiertostudy,andtastedtheresponsetoscents(pleasantsmells)ofreceptorsinkeratinocytes(角质化细胞)，themainskincelltype.TheyfoundthatanolfactoryreceptorinskincalledOR2AT4respondtoman-madesandalwood(檀香)perfumesandskincareproducts.Ratherthansendingamessagetothebrain,asnosereceptorsdo,thereceptorcausedcellstodivideandmigrate,importantprocessesinrepairingdamagedskin.Cellgrowthincreasedby32percentandcellmigrationbynearlyhalfwhenkeratinocytesinatesttubeweremixedforfivedayswithman-madesandalwood.“Thereisabigtrendtowardsolfactoryreceptorsbeingfoundelsewhereinthebodydoingotherjobs.”SaysJoelMainlandotheMonellChemicalSensesCenterinPhiladelphia.Soitisnotunexpectedtofindreceptorsinskin,butitisasurprisetolearnthattheyareinvolvedinwoundhealing.HattandMainlandbothcautionthattheseolfactoryreceptorsareveryfinelyadjusted,asisshownbytheirdistinguishingbetweenvariousman-madekindsofsandalwood.Andthereisgeneticvariabilityinhumanreceptors,soyourreceptormightbeabitdifferentfromyourneighbor,s.Itleavesopenthequestionofwhetherreceptorsmightdiffersomuchbetweenindividualsthattheman-madesandalwoodthatbenefitsonepersonmightbeuselessorevenpoisonoustoanotherHattsaysthe150-200olfactoryreceptorsidentifiedintissueoutsidethenoserepresentanewfamilyoftargetsforexperimentsandnewopportunitiestotreatdisease.Treatmentsthathealwoundsandrepairtheeffectsofageingintheskinarelikelytobetheeasiesttodevelop,hesays.Understandingreceptorsoninternal(insideyourbody)organsandcreatingbeneficialdrugsislikelytotakelonger.()1.WhatcanwelearnaboutOR2AT4?Itisakindofnosekeratinocyte.Itworkslikeanosereceptor.Itcanhelpdamagedskinrecover.Itcanbefoundinman-madesandalwood.()2.Howdidthescientistsobserveolfactoryreceptor,sreactionstoscents?BystudyingreceptorsinbodytissuesBycomparingOR2AT4andnosereceptors.Byusingman-madesandalwoodinhospitals.Bymixingkeratinocyteswithman-madesandalwood.

启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017( )3.Whichofthefollowingaboutolfactoryreceptorsisamazing?A.Theyarefoundinskin. B.Theycandootherjobs.C.Theymayhelphealwounds. D.Theyexistsalloverthebody.()4.Man-madesandalwoodmaybeharmfultosomeonebecause.sandalwoodscentsaresometimesunsafe.receptorsmaybedifferentamongpeople.someindividual,sskinisunabletosmell.man-madeproductshavesomesideeffects.BWhatinspirespeopletoactselflessly,helpothers,andmakepersonalsacrifices?Eachquarter,thiscolumnfeaturesonepieceofscholarlyresearchthatprovidesinsightonwhatmotivatespeopletoengageinwhatpsychologistscall"prosocialbehavior"一thingslikemakingcharitablecontributions,buyinggifts,volunteeringone'stime,andsoforth.Inshort,itlooksattheworkofsomeofourfinestresearchersonwhatspurspeopletodosomethingonbehalfofsomeoneelse.Thisquarterwefocusonhowperceptionsof"groupmembership"caninfluencewhetherothersdecidetohelpusinemergencysituations.A2005BritishstudyreportedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletinshowsthatbystandersaremorelikelytohelpstrangersindistresswhentheyrecognizesuchstrangersasbelongingtoacommongroup.However,whatcountsasgroupmembershipisnotfixed.Whenpeopleareencouragedtoseegreatercommonalitieswithstrangers,theywillextendhelptothosewhomtheymayhaveotherwiseconsideredpartofthe"outgroup."TwostudiesconductedatLancasterUniversityintheUKplayedontheintenserivalrybetweenfansoftwoEnglishfootballteams,ManchesterUnitedandLiverpool.Inthefirststudy,ManchesterUnitedfanswererecruitedtofilloutquestionnairesabouttheirinterestintheteamandthedegreetowhichtheyidentifiedasfans.Theyweretheninvitedtowalkacrosscampustoseeavideoaboutfootballteams.Alongtheway,anaccidentwasstagedinwhicharunnerslippedandfell,groaninginpain.Hiddenobserverswatchedtheincident,andthosetakingpartinthestudywereaskedaboutitwhentheyreachedtheprojectionroom.Participants,allofwhomhadastrongidentificationasManchesterfans,weremorelikelytoasktherunnerifheneededhelpwhenhewaswearingaManchesterUnitedshirtthanwhenhewaswearingaLiverpoolshirtoranordinaryunbrandedshirt.Inthesecondstudy,ManchesterUnitedfanswereagainrecruited,butwhentheyarrivedtheyweretoldthattheywereparticipatinginastudyaboutfootballfansingeneral(notManchesterUnitedfans,specifically).Theywerealsotoldthatthestudyaimedtofocusonthepositiveaspectsoffanhoodasopposedtothenegativeincidentsandstoriesthatusuallygetattention.Thestudyquestionnairesaskedthemabouttheirbroaderinterestinthegameandwhattheysharedwithotherfans.Theythenwereinstructedtocrosscampustoheadtotheprojectionroom,andalongthewaywitnessedthesamestagedincidentandconditionsdescribedinthefirststudy.Inthiscase,participantswereaslikelytohelpavictiminaManchesterUnitedshirtastheyweretohelpsomeoneinaLiverpoolshirt.Andtheyweremorelikelytohelpthosewearingteamshirtsthanthosewhowerenot.Whenpeopleexpandtheirnotionofthe"in-group"theyaremorelikelytoreachouttothoseinthe"othercamp."2

启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017Onenoteworthystrengthofthisresearchisthatitoffersananalysisofactualhelpingbehaviorratherthan"beliefsabout"or"intentions"toact.Evidenceofdramaticshiftsinsuchbehavioracrossdeeplyentrenchedantagonisms(根深蒂固的敌对情绪)inresponsetosimplechangesinlevelsofcategorizationisstriking.()5.Accordingtothe2005Britishstudy,peopletendtohelpstrangersif.A.thelaterareingreatpainandsufferingtheytwosharesomethingincommontheythemselvescangetsomethinginreturnthelatterbelongtoadifferentgroup()6.Whatcontributestodifferentresultsoftwostudies?Thateachgroupwitnessedadifferentaccident.Thatonlyonegroupwastoldthepurposeofthestudy.C.Thatthetwogroupwerefansofdifferentfootballteams.D.Thatparticipantsofthetwogroupwereformdifferentcities.()7.Theresearchisworthnotinginthat.itisbasedonbehavioralexperimentsitdealswithproblemsallcircumstancesitinvolvesparticipantsofdifferentidentitiesitcreatesnewapproachestofriendship-buildingCBooks,FilmsandPlaysThenovelist,smediumisthewrittenword,onemightalmostsaytheprintedword.Typicallythenovelisconsumedbyasilent,individualreader,whomaybeanywhereatthetime.Thepaperbacknovelisstillthecheapest,mostportableandadaptableformofnarrativeentertainment.Itislimitedtoasinglechannelofinformation-writing.Thenarrativecango,effortlessly,anywhere:intospace,people,shead,palaces,prisonsandpyramids,withoutanyconsiderationofcostorpracticalpossibility.Indeterminingtheshapeandcontentofhisnarrative,thewriterisrestrictedbynothingexceptpurelyartisticcriteria.Thenovelistkeepsabsolutecontroloverhistextuntilitispublishedandreceivedbytheaudience.Hemaybeadvisedbyhiseditortorevisehistext,butifthewriterrefusedtomeetthisconditionnoonewouldbesurprised.Itisnotunknownforawell-establishednovelisttodeliverhisorhermanuscript(手稿)andexpectthepublishertoprintitexactlyaswritten.However,noteventhemostwell-establishedplaywrightorscreenplaywriterwouldsubmitascriptandexpectittobeperformedwithoutanyrewriting.Thisisbecauseplaysandmotionpicturesarecooperativeformsofnarrative,usingmorethanonechannelofcommunication.Theproductionofastageplayinvolves,aswellasthewordsoftheauthor,thephysicalpresenceoftheactors,theirvoicesandgestures,the“set”andpossiblymusic.Althoughthescriptistheessentialbasisofbothstageplayandfilm,itisabasisforsubsequentrevisionnegotiatedbetweenthewriterandtheothercreativepeopleinvolved.Theyaregiven“approval”ofthechoiceofdirectorandactorsandhavetherighttoattendrehearsals(排演)，duringwhichperiodtheymayundertakemorerewritingwork.Inthecaseofthescreenplay,thewritermayhavelittleornocontroloverthefinalformofhiswork.Contractsfortheproductionofplaysprotecttherightsofauthorsinthisrespect.Infilmortelevisionwork,ontheotherhand,thescreenplaywriterhasnocontractualrightto

启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017thisdegreeofconsultation.Whilethescriptisgoingthroughitsvariousdrafts,thewriterisinthedriver,sseat,althoughsometimesreceivingcriticismfromtheproducerandthedirector.Butoncetheproductionisunderway,artisticcontrolovertheprojecttendstopasstothedirector.Thisisafactoverlookedbymostjournalisticcriticsoftelevisiondrama,whotend(unlikefilmcritics)togiveallthecreditorblameforsuccessorfailureofaproductiontothewriterandactors,ignoringthecontribution,forgoodorill,ofthedirector.( )8.Wheremightyoufindthepassage?A.Inatextbook. B.Inamoviemagazine.?C.Inatravellingbrochure.D.Inashoppingguide.( )9.Whichofthesesubtitleswouldbemostappropriate?Whydoesthefuturelookgoodforwritersofbooks,playsandfilms?Whatdoaudienceswantfromthesethreeformsofentertainment?Howdotheseformsofmediacomparefortheirproducers?Whatbenefitcanwegetfromtheseformsofmedia?( )10.Whycanthenovelistexpectthepublishertoprintthemanuscriptexactlyaswritten?Becausethenovelistkeepsabsolutecontroloverhistext.Becausethepaperbacknovelismostportableandadaptable.Becausethenovelislimitedtoasinglechannelofinformation-writing.Becausethenovelistisseldomadvisedbyeditorstorevisethetext.( )11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtothepassage?Playwrightsenvythesimplicityofthenovelist,swork.Experienceinthetheatreimprovestheworkofscreenplaywriters.ScreenplaywritersusuallyhavethefinalsayinhowaTVdramawillturnout.Playwrightsarefrequentlyinvolvedinrevisingtheirwork.( )12.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?TVcriticsoftenblamethewrongpeopleforthefailureofaprogramme.Thedirectorisadeterminingfactorinthefutureofatelevisiondrama.Fewpeopleknowthatthescreenplaywriterisoftencriticizedbythedirector.Itisurgentforthefilmcriticstorealizetheirmistakes.DWeallfail,allthetime.Wemightmissacallwithaclientbecauseofanemergencyworkmeeting,ormissthatmeetingbecauseanotherprojecthassuddenlybecomeurgent.Andthenwe(orourfamilies)getsick.andwehavetoshiftprioritiesaroundagain.Theseunsystematicfailuresarebenign,though.Theyreflectthatallofushavelimitedresources.Theresimplyisnotenoughtime,energy,ormoneytodoeverythingyouwanttodoallthetime.Partofbeingaresponsibleadultislearningtomaketradeoffs,balancingyourconflictinggoalsandtryingtogetasmuchdoneasyouhave.Thethingyourreallyneedtowatchoutforisthesystematicfailure.Thesystematicfailurehappenswhenthere,saparticulargoalyouwanttoachieve,butnevergetto.Thecausesofsystematicfailuresusuallyboildowntosomecombinationofthesethreefactors.1.Short-termpressuresversuslong-termgoals.Mostofusprefertoachievepressingshort-termgoalsratherthanputtimeintolong-termprojects.Lotsofresearchsuggeststhatourbrainsarewiredtoprefertasksthatpayoffintheshorttermratherthanthosewhosebenefitislong-term.Thepeoplewhodomanagetoaccomplishtheirlong-termgoalscreateregularspacetomake

启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017progressonthem..Withoutevenrealizingit.Weoftendowhatiseasiesttoaccomplishratherthanwhatwesayismostimportant.Emailisagreatexample.Ifyouarelikemostpeople,youkeepyouremailprogramopenatworkallday.Consequently,eachnewmessageisaninvitationtodropwhatyouareworkingontocheckit.Itfeelslikeworkandit,smucheasierthanfinishingthat100-slidepresentation.Simplyshuttingoffemailforafewhoursadaycanremovethissourceofdistraction(分心的事物)formtheenvironment..Workingfortoolong.Manyworkplacescreatetostayattheofficeformoreandmorehours,which(paradoxically)createsopportunitiesforsystematicfailures.Workisnotanironmancompetitionwherethewins.Mostpeoplehaveanoptimal (最佳的)numberofhourstheycanworkeachday.IfIspendanymoretimeatworkthanthat,thenatsomepoint.Istartdoing“fakework”.Thenexttimeyourunintotrouble,assesswhetherit,sanunsystematicfailureorasystematicone.Whenyounoticeasystematicfailuresinyourlife,youneedtomakeachangeinyourbehavior.Ifyoudon,tmakeachange,youwillcontinuetofail.Finally,ifyouexperiencealotofunsystematicfailures,itmightbeworthrethinkingthenumberoftasksyouaretakingon.Perhapsyouneedtooffloadsomeresponsibilitiesontosomeoneelse,beforeyoustartexperiencingmoresystematicfailures.( )13.Theunderlinedword“benign”inParagraph2means“”.notdangerousB.notusefulC.relevantD.troublesome( )14.whowasmostprobablyaffectedbythefirstfactor?A.Andywhoputhiskeep-fitplanasideduetoalackfreetimeSarahwhoworkedovertimetillthenextmorningtofinishherworkaheadoftime.Philipwhomissedanimportantappointmentbecausehehasbeenundertheweatherlately.Emilywhokepthersocialnetworkingplatformonalldaytoreceiveupdatesaboutfriends.()15.Whichofthefollowingcouldfillintheblankasasubtitle?Thetruthaboutimportantgoals.Environmentsthatarebadforourgoals.Theeasiestgoalsthatoftenbringuslittle.Waystoremovethesourceofdistraction.()16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howtodistinguishsystematicfailuresfromsystematicfailures.B.Whenyoushouldworryaboutfailureandwhenyoushouldn,t.Whattodotosaveyourselffromconstantsystematicfailures.Whyassessingfailuresyouhaveencounteredisimportant.二、完形填空Oneeffectivewayofdestroyinghappinessistolookatsomethingandfocusoneventhesmallestfault.It,slikelookingatthetiled(铺瓦的)ceilingandconcentratingonthespacewhereonetileis1 .OnceIheardabaldmansaid,“wheneverIenteraroom2 Iseeishair.”Onceyou've3whatyourmissingtileis,explorewhetheracquiringitwill4makeyouhappy.Thendooneofthethreethings:getit,replaceitwithadifferent5 ,orforgetaboutitand6thetilesinyourlifethatarenotmissing.Weallknowpeoplewhohavearelatively7life,yetareessentiallyunhappywhile启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平 Apr.12,2017启东市汇龙中学peoplewhohavesufferedagreatdealbut8remainhappy.Thefirst9isgratitude.Allhappypeopleare10 .Ungratefulpeoplecannotbehappy.Wetendtothinkthatbeingunhappyleadspeopleto11 ,butit'struertosaythatcomplainingleadstopeoplebecomingunhappy.Thesecondsecretis12thathappinessisabyproduct（副产品）ofsomethingelse.Themostobvious13arethosepursuit（追求）thatgiveourlivespurpose anything14studyinginsectstoplayingbaseball.Themorepassionswehave,themorehappinessweare15toexperience.Finally,thebeliefthatsomethingpermanentgoesbeyondusandthatour16hassomelargermeaningcanhelpustofeelhappier.We17aspiritualfaith,oraphilosophy,itshould18thistruth:ifyouchoosetofindthe19ineverysituation,youwillbeblessed,andifyouchoosetofindtheawful,youwillbecursed.Aswithhappinessitself,thisis20yourdecisiontomake.1.A.differentB.missingC.shortD.broken2.A.nothingB.noneC.allD.anything3.A.determinedB.predictedC.assumedD.imagined4.A.completelyB.naturallyC.hopefullyD.really5.A.tileB.brickC.ceilingD.house6.A.lookonB.focusonC.countonD.relyon7.A.peacefulB.difficultC.easyD.ordinary8.A.certainlyB.merelyC.hardlyD.generally9.A.secretB.factorC.ruleD.key10.A.wealthyB.gratefulC.proudD.generous11.A.upsetB.quarrelC.complainD.depress12.A.admittedB.assumingC.provingD.realizing13.A.sourcesB.resultsC.answersD.goals14.A.amongB.fromC.throughD.for15.A.probableB.possibleC.likelyD.capable16.A.valueB.destinationC.survivalD.existence17.A.needB.lackC.demandD.expect18.A.involveB.includeC.absorbD.mean19.A.worstB.bestC.positiveD.negative20.A.absolutelyB.totallyC.exactlyD.largely

启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017CommentaryClassofReadingComprehensionandClozeTestLearningobjectives：1.Tomakeadvancesinreadingcomprehensionandclozetest2.Toimprovetheabilitytolistenandsummarize3.ToenjoythefunofcooperationTeachingproceduresStepOne:Makecommentsonthereadingcomprehension.1.Activity1.Discussion.(55)题号选项提示6B/C?推理判断题。Para3-68A/B?标题出处题。PayattentiontothetitleBooks,FilmsandPlays10A/C?推理判断题。Para111B/D?推理判断题。Para212A/B?推理判断题。Para4(thelastsentence)13A/D?词义猜测题。Hints:though&Thethingyourreallyneedtowatchoutforisthesystematicfailure15B/C?标题概括。(thelastsentence)16B/C?主旨大意题。Thepassagetalksaboutunsystematicfailureandsystematicfailure.Theformerisnotdangerous,whilethelatterisdangerous.Givetheanswerstotheassignmentandmakepropercommentsonthem.Summary.Activity2.Practice(55)Passage1Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(药片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(缓解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor,sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.( )Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma.A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor,snotebook D.bottleofmedicine

启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017启东市汇龙中学主备人：周红英审核人：吴惠平Apr.12,2017Passage2JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.( )Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.Binghamisadiligentstudent.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.StepTwo:Makecommentsontheclozetest.Activity3.Discussion(35)题号选项3A/C?7B/C?8A/D?13A/B?16A/D?18A/B?20A/D?Activity4.Test(25)1)( )Youcansensehowyouareincomparisonwiththeworld.Meanwhile,youfeelthatthepossibilitiesarelimitless...A.littleB.largeC.great D.lazy2)( )Neverlistentootherpeople,stendenciestobeorpessimisticbecausetheytakeyourmostwonderfuldreamsawayfromyou theonesyouhaveinyourheart!A.positiveB.negativeC.commonD.activeActivity5.Fillintheblanks.(15)Para1OneofdestroyinghappinessPara2-3Howtodealwiththetilesinyour