江苏省2025年普通高中学业水平合格性考试试卷英语试卷（含答案详解）

江苏省2025年普通高中学业水平合格性考试试卷英语注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1.本试卷包含选择题(第1题~第35题，共35题70分)和非选择题(i，第36：题~第46题，共11题30分)。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。本次考试时间为75分钟。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并放在桌面，等待监考员：收回：。2.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名：准考证号用书写黑色字迹的.0.5毫米签字笔填写在本试卷及答题卡上。3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡右上角所粘贴条形码上的姓名、淮考证号是否与本人的相符合。4.答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。第一部分选择题(共两节，满分70分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouhavefallenintoasleepsehedule(时间表)that'snegativelyaffectingyourbodyclock,whatcanyoudo?Trytakingthesestepstogetyoursleeppatternsandbodyclockbacktonormal.HavearegularscheduleFightagainstthedesiretogetuplate.Getupatthesametimeeachday,andsticktothatscheduleonweekends.Onceyou'veestablishedaregularschedule,you'llbeabletofallasleepandwakeupmoreeasily.ExerciseExercisemayincreaseproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素),andincreasedmelatoninproductioncanmakeiteasiertofallasleep.Exercisealsohelpsyourbody'sothersystemsstayinlinewithyourbodyclock.Keepnaps(打盹)shortNappingcanimpactyourbodyclockbymakingithardertofallasleepatnight.Ifyouneedtotakeanap,limititto30minutesorlessandtrytonapbefore3:00p.m.LimitlightbeforebedBreakthehabitoflookingthroughsocilmediarightbeforebedtime.Bluelightfromelectronicdeviceslikesmartphonessendssignalstoyourbrainthatit'stimetobeawake.Havingtroublegettingupinthemorningorstayinguplaterthanyouwantisacommonproblem.Butifyoufollowthesesteps,you'llgetyourbodyclockbackontrackinnotime！1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Peoplewithwrongbodyclock. B.Over-usersofsmartphones.C.Poortime-managementpeople. D.Lazypeopledoingnoexercise.2.Whatisthefunctionofincreasedmelatoninproduction?A.Torefreshthebrain. B.Toincreaseheartrate.C.Tohelpfallasleep. D.Tostrengthenmuscles.3.Howlongshouldanapbe?A.Aslongaspossible. B.Morethan30minutes.C.Asshortaspossible. D.Atmosthalfanhour.4.Whichofthefollowingmaypreventyoufromsleepingbeforebedtime?A.Readingprintbooks. B.Usingsmartphones.C.Chattingwithparents. D.Listeningtomusic.BPengJingxuanplucksthestrings(拨动琴弦)ofherguzheng,a13-stringChineseinstrument.Sheisgivingastreetperformance.Anditis.undertheEiffelTowerinParis！InanotherFrenchcity,ZhaoYangplaysthepipa,aChineselutewithfourstrings.ShewearstraditionalChinesecostume(戏装)andapairofsunglasses,makingheracombinationofanancientpoetandamodernrockstar.BothPengandZhaoarepopularonChinesevideoplatforms(平台),wheretheypostvideosoftheirstreetperformancesinFrance.Theyalsosharetheirvideosonforeignsocialplatforms,attractingmanyviewersfromallovertheworld,wholeavealotofpraisesindifferentlanguagesSinceshestartedperforminginthestreetsin2018,Penghasseenforeigners'increasinginterestinChineseculture.Someviewersevencameuptothankher.AlthoughtheyhadneverbeentoChina,hermusichadtouchedthem.Zhao'scostumealsodrawscrowds.“OurChineseclothesandinstrumentsarereallyeye-catching,”shesaid.“Viewerstakephotosontheirphones.”TospreadChineseculture,ZhaohasstudiedthecostumesandhairstylesofdifferentperiodsinChinesehistoryandusesthemtoshowtherichnessofChineseculturetotheworld.Sheaddsmodernelementsaswell.“ManypeoplethinktraditionalChinesecultureismysterious(神秘的)andquiet,butIwanttoshowthemthatithasunlimitedpossibilitiesandvitality(活力),”sheexplained.5.WhydidPengJingxuanandZhaoYangplayinstrumentsinthestreetsofFrance?A.Torecallgoodolddays. B.Tobegfoodfrompassers-by.C.TospreadChineseculture. D.Tocollectmoneyforcharity.6.Whatmighthavedriventhetwogirlstogiveperformances?A.Warmweather. B.Acomfortablelife.C.Agoodincome. D.Nationalpride.7.Howdoforeignersfeelaboutthetwogirls'performances?A.Interested. B.Bored. C.Doubtful. D.Calm.8.WhatisthefeatureofZhaoYang'sperformance?A.Loudmusic. B.Strangecostumes.C.Modernhairstyles. D.Mixedelements.CImaginewalkinghalfwayaroundAustraliaasakid...well,thisyearyoucandojustthat.KidsNewsiscallingonschoolstohostawalkathon(徒步马拉松)inMaytoseeifschoolchildrencanworktogetherandactuallywalkthedistancefromatleastAdelaidetoBrisbane.That'sabout2,500kmifyouwalkedthroughMelbourneandSydney,whichisareallylongway.Butifenoughschoolsjoinin,it'spossible.It'spartofKidsNews'HealthoftheNationcampaign,whichaimstogetAustraliankidsmovingin2024'andthinking'about'waystoimprovetheirhealth.SamWood,afamousfitnesstrainer,believeskidswhowalkregularlyintheirchildhood——whethertoschooleachdayoraroundtheparkwiththefamilydog—aresettingthemselvesupforanactiveadulthoodwherewalkingbecomesahabitintheirdailyroutine.“Peoplethinkitdoesn'tmakeyoufit,butthey'rewrong,”Woodsaid.“Ifyouarelookingforsomethingyoucandoanytimeandanywhere,justgetoutandgetyourselfwalking.Itdoesn'thavetobefast,nordoesithavetobeforthatlong,thegreatthingaboutwalkingiswhetheryoudoa60-minutewalkorsix10-minutewalksthroughouttheday,yougetthesamebenefits.It'sgreatforourphysicalhealthandforourmentalhealth.”9.WhyisKidsNewscallingonschoolstohostawalkathon?A.Tomeasurethedistancebetweentwocities.B.Tovisitdifferentplacesinthecountry.C.Toencouragestudentstomovemore.D.Tohelpstudentswiththeirlessons.10.Whatbenefitcanchildrengetfromwalkingregularlyintheirchildhood?A.Becomingactiveteachers. B.Developingsocialabilities.C.Makingmorefriends. D.Formingagoodhabit.11.WhatdoesSamWoodthinkofwalkinginthelastparagraph?A.Convenient. B.Tiring. C.Tough. D.Painful.12.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thelongeryouwalk,thefitteryouare.B.It'snecessarytowalkatleast60minutesaday.C.Walkingbringsbothphysicalandmentalbenefits.D.It'sbettertowalkduringdaytimethanintheevening.DHaveyoueverbeeninasportsfieldwhenthecrowdissoloudthatitshakesthestructureofthestands(看台)?Haveyoueverthoughtofusingtheloudnoise?WhenwatchinganNBAgameinthesportsgym,LilyMin,aseniorschoolstudentinLakeCharles,wonderedifyoucouldturnthenoiseintoapowersource.LilyMinwasinspiredbyPixar'sfilmMonsters,Inc.Twomonsters(怪兽)providetheelectricpowertoaworldofmonstersbyusingchildren'sscreams.Sheevendesignedacollectionsystemthatcouldpossiblyturnnoiseintousableenergy.Totesthertheory,shebuilta22×12-inchsizemodelofatypicalsportsfield.Shethenplayedsoundsateither70decibels(分贝)or100decibelslikethenoiseinthesportsfield.Theexperiment'sequipmentwasn'tgoodenough,unfortunately,andtheamountsofelectricitygatheredweresmall.Lilyfoundthatwithmoreadvancedequipmentandonalargersize,enoughpowercouldbeproduced.Lilysays,“Turningsoundintoelectricalenergymakesagreatcontributiontoreducingtheenergyuseofatypicalsportsfield.Inaddition,incitieswithheavytraffic,theloudnoisefromvehicleslikecarsandbusescouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity,contributingtotheenergyneedsofcitydevelopment.Manyfactories,whichoftenhavecontinuousnoise,couldcatchandchangethesesoundsintoelectricalenergy,thusreducingtheirtotalenergyconsumption(消耗).”13.WhatreallyinspiredLilytoturnsoundintoenergy?A.Ascienceexperiment. B.AmoviecalledMonsters,Inc.C.Abasketballmatch. D.Avisittoasportsfield.14.WhatwasthepurposeofLily'sexperiment?A.Tomakenoiseinthesportsfield.B.Totesthowloudlycrowdscanshout.C.Tofindmoreadvancedequipment.D.Toprovenoisescanbechangedintoelectricity.15.WheremightLily'sideabeapplied?A.Schoolsandlibraries. B.Factoriesandbusystreets.C.Gardensandhotels. D.Cinemasandmuseums.16.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLily?A.Curiousandcreative. B.Honestandconfident.C.Braveandresponsible. D.Carefulandgenerous.EChildrenwithparentswhoallowthemtotakemoreriskswhileplayingaremorelikelytoreachtherecommendedlevelsofexercise,anewstudybyCoventryUniversityhasfound.Thestudyhasfound78%ofthe645parentsacrossAustraliadidn'tliketheirchildrentotakeriskswhileplaying,andwouldlimitactivitiessuchasclimbingtrees,ridingbikesfastdownhills,andplay-fightingwithothers.However,thestudyrevealedthatchildrenofparentswithmorerelaxedattitudestowardsadventurousplaywerearoundthreetimesmorelikelytomeettheAustralianandUK'sguidelinestogetinanhouradayof“huffandpuff”(气喘吁吁)exercise.“Obviously,parentsdon'twanttoseetheirchildrenpickupseriousinjuries,butevidence(证据)suggeststhatmostplayinjuriesarenotserious,andthepotentialrewardsofriskyexperiencesaregreat,”saysAletheaJerebine,aresearcheratCoventryUniversity.“Weknowthatthroughtakingrisksatplay,childrenlearnaboutwhattheycanandcan'tdo,buildconfidenceandindependence,aswellaslearntomanageriskandkeepthemselvessafe.“It'simportantforchildrentodeveloptheirunderstandingofriskfromanearlyage,andbuildtheseskillsgraduallyincreasingly.”Withthehealthbenefitssoobvious,afewsmallinjuriesalongthewayseemslikeafairexchange.17.WhatdoestheCoventryUniversitystudyshow?A.Schoolslacksportsfacilities. B.Kidsareangryattheirparents.C.Mostkidsareover-protected. D.Lotsofexerciseisunfitforkids.18.WhatwouldmostAustralianparentsdoconcerningtheirchildren?A.Encouragethemtoclimbtrees. B.Letthemplay-fightwithothers.C.Allowthemtoridefastdownthehills. D.Limittheiradventurousactivities.19.Whichisoneofthepotentialrewardsofriskyexperiencesforchildren?A.Avoidingdifficultexercise. B.Takingriskswithouttheirparents.C.Learningtomanagerisk. D.Treatingtheirowninjuries.20.Whenshouldkidsstarttodeveloptheirunderstandingofrisk?A.Fromseniorhighschool. B.Fromanearlyage.C.Fromjuniorhighschool. D.Fromadulthood.第二节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。N’DriisauniversitystudentinCoted’Ivoire,asmallcountryinAfrica.Hedevelopedhis21inkungfuandChineseculturefromkungfumovies.Fromchildhood,heandhisfriendswouldcopy22fromthosemovies.Hejoinedthekungfuclubwhen23intheuniversity.Withthefinancial24oftheclub,hevisitedtheShaolinTempleinChina.OnthewaytoChina,heandhisfriendswere25abouttheShaolinTemple,and26whattheywouldseethere.Amazingly,theysawpeopledressedthewaytheyhadbeeninthemovies,27techniquesproperly.Theywerespendingthreeweekstrainingthere.Thefirsttwoweekswerereally28.Itwassotoughthattheyalmost29.Withhiskungfudreamcomingtrue,N’Driwaseagertopassonwhathehad30topeopleathome.Theyhave31thefirstShaolinTrainingCampinAfrica.Itallowsthemtogivethesame32theyreceivedatthetempletoyoungpeoplewhoareunabletovisitChina.He33ChinawilloffermoresupportandopportunitiestokungfuloversinAfrica.“Wearethe34betweenChinesecultureandAfricanculture.Wecan35AfricanstogetwhatChineseandAfricanculturesaremeanttooffer,”hesays.21.A.ability B.interest C.habit D.potential22.A.workers B.parents C.characters D.classmates23.A.teaching B.studying C.travelling D.performing24.A.instruction B.management C.education D.support25.A.curious B.certain C.disappointed D.confident26.A.decided B.accepted C.wondered D.concluded27.A.creating B.developing C.practising D.watching28.A.challenging B.comfortable C.attractive D.amusing29.A.repeated B.fell C.changed D.quit30.A.imagined B.learned C.lost D.invented31.A.setup B.setoff C.tookoff D.tookout32.A.treatment B.training C.position D.attitude33.A.hopes B.admits C.promises D.explains34.A.block B.window C.bridge D.wall35.A.drive B.force C.invite D.enable第二部分非选择题(共两节，满分30分)第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。At16,GabrielRochetwantstochangetheworldinhisownway.Heis36youngFrenchtechnologyloverandtheinventorofthePaxophone.Rochetsaidthat37(he)phonecostslessthan30euros(欧元),muchcheaperthantoday'ssmartphones.Unliketraditionalphones,Paxophonescanbeassembled(组装)bypeople38getpartsthroughtheinternetandfollowonlineteachingvideos.“Ifyouhaveexperience,theworktakeslessthananhour;39forbeginners,itmaytakeaday,”Rochetsaid.“Paxophones40(make)ofasmallnumberofparts,”Rochetsaid.“Fewerpartsmean41(little)wasteandcarbonfootprint.”Rochetpointedoutthatthesmartphoneindustryisoneofthemostpolluted42(industry).Ofcourse,Paxophonescan'tdoasmuch43mostsmartphones.Youcanmakephonecallsandsendmessages.Therearenowthreeapplications:clock,GPSandcalculator,aswellastwogames:Snakeand2048.SofarthePaxophoneprojecthasdrawnmuchattentionandpeoplewanttohelpwithits44(develop).“About20peopleoffered45(work)onthenextversion(版本).”Rochetsaid.第二节写作(共1题，满分20分)46.假如你是李华，近日，你发现同学们参与由外教Ryan组织的英文小说阅读活动的兴趣不高。请你给他写一封邮件，内容要点如下：(1)分析原因：阅读理解困难、缺少互动等；(2)提出建议：合理选择书籍、增加阅读活动等。注意：(1)包含所有要点，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。(2)词数100左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。(3)文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。TO:ryanengland@123.comFROM:lihuajschina@123.comDearRyan,I'mwritingtotellyouthatmanyclassmatesseemtohavelessinterestinyourEnglishnovelreadingactivities.请在答题卡上作答Yours,LIHua答案详解1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家开发出一种利用整个可可果制作且不加糖的巧克力。1.细节理解题。根据第三段中“ButnowfoodscientistsinSwitzerlandhavecomeupwithawaytomakechocolateusingtheentirecocoafruitandwithoutusingsugar.(但现在，瑞士的食品科学家想出了一种方法，可以用整个可可果制作巧克力，而且不加糖)”可知，处理可可的新方法是使用整个果实。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第四段“Thekeytothenewchocolateliesintheverysweetjuice,whichtastesabitlikepineapple.Thisjuice,whichis14%sugar,ismadetoformahighlyconcentratedsyrup(高浓度糖浆).(这种新巧克力的关键在于这种非常甜的果汁，尝起来有点像菠萝。这种含糖量为14%的果汁被制成高浓度糖浆)”可知，新巧克力的糖分来自可可果的果汁。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据第五段“RogerWehrli,directoroftheassociationofSwisschocolateproducers,seesthenewchocolateas“verypromising...Ifyouusethewholecocoafruit,youcangetbetterprices.Soit'seconomicallyinterestingforthefarmers.”(瑞士巧克力生产商协会主任罗杰·韦尔利认为这种新巧克力“很有前途……如果你使用整个可可果，你可以得到更好的价格。所以这对农民来说在经济上很有吸引力。”)”可知，罗杰认为，农民会对新巧克力最满意。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据第六段“Foodproductioninvolveslettingoutsignificantgreenhousegas,soreducingfoodwastecouldalsohelptodealwithclimatechange.Chocolate,maynotbyitselfbeahugefactor,butitcouldbeastart.(食品生产会释放大量温室气体，因此减少食物浪费也有助于应对气候变化。巧克力本身可能不是一个重要因素，但它可能是一个开始)”可知，新巧克力在保护环境方面将引领食品生产。故选B。5.B 6.D 7.B 8.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“拒绝疗法”这一趋势，包括其基本形式、具体做法以及不同人对它的看法。5.推理判断题。根据第一段““Getoutofyourcomfortzone.’‘Takenoforananswer.’‘Dosomethingeverydaythatmakesyoufeeluncomfortable.’”Ifyou'vespentanytimeonsocialmediayou'llbeusedtoseeingthesemotivationalideas.(“走出你的舒适区。”“接受拒绝。”“每天做一件让你感到不舒服的事。”如果你在社交媒体上花过一些时间，就会对这些激励性的话语习以为常)以及第二段中“Andyoumighthavebeenseeingmorerecentlythankstothe“rejectiontherapy(拒绝疗法)”trend.Themostbasicversioninvolvespushingyourselftomakeasillyrequestoraskaquestionthat'salmostcertaintogetturneddown.(你最近可能看到更多，这要归功于“拒绝疗法”的趋势。最基本的形式是强迫自己提出一个愚蠢的要求或问一个几乎肯定会被拒绝的问题)”可知，“拒绝疗法”要求人们做一些让自己不舒服的事情。故选B。6.词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Themostbasicversioninvolvespushingyourselftomakeasillyrequestoraskaquestionthat'salmostcertaintogetturneddown.Doitenoughtimes,thetheorygoes,andyou'llbemadelesssensitivetorejectionandimproveyourconfidence.(最基本的形式是强迫自己提出一个愚蠢的要求或问一个几乎肯定会被turndown的问题。理论认为，这样做足够多次后，你会对拒绝变得不那么敏感，从而增强自信心)”可知，这里指的是提出一个几乎肯定会被拒绝的问题。turneddown意为“拒绝”。A.hated讨厌；B.liked喜欢；C.accepted接受；D.refused拒绝。故选D。7.细节理解题。根据第四段中“OnepersonwhobelievesinrejectiontherapyisSophieJones.Shefilmedherselfdancinginapublicpark——somethingthatwouldnormallyhaveterrifiedher.(SophieJones是相信拒绝疗法的人之一。她在公园里拍下了自己跳舞的视频————这通常会让她感到害怕)”可知，SophieJones为了实践“拒绝疗法”，在公园里拍下了自己跳舞的视频。故选B。8.推理判断题。根据最后一段“DrLouiseisapsychologistskilledinattachmentandrelationships.“Iunderstandtheideaofintentionallyseekingoutrejectiontolosethefearofit,”shesays.“Itcanbehelpful.Butitdoesn'tnecessarilymeanitwilleasethepainoftherejection.Itcouldhavetheoppositeeffectandmakeyoureturntothecomfortzone.”(路易丝博士是一位擅长依恋和人际关系问题的心理学家。“我理解故意寻求拒绝以消除对它的恐惧的想法，”她说。“这可能有用。但这并不一定意味着它会减轻被拒绝的痛苦。它可能会产生相反的效果，让你回到舒适区。”)”可知，路易丝博士对“拒绝疗法”持谨慎态度。她认为虽然这种疗法可能有一定帮助，但并不一定能减轻被拒绝的痛苦，甚至可能产生相反的效果。故选C。9.C 10.D 11.A 12.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两种喷气背包的发明情况，包括它们的特点、性能、价格等。9.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Inthe1920s,thesciencefictionheroBuckRogersflewacrossthe发展需要更多的规则来进行规范。故选D。15.推理判断题。根据第二段“Theindustrysurroundingpetsisconsideredtohavebegunin1992,theyearinwhichthecountry'sfirstorganizationdevotedtosmallanimalprotectionwasfounded.Accordingtoarecentreport,China'speteconomywasvaluedat592.8billionyuan($83billion)in2023.InMay,somenewstandardsforlostanimalrescueandpetfuneralswereproposed.Amonthlater,Shanghaibecamethefirstcityinthecountrytoissuerulesforthedisplayofanimalsinindoorcommercialplaces.(宠物行业被认为始于1992年，这一年，中国第一个致力于小动物保护的组织成立了。根据最近的一份报告，2023年中国宠物经济价值5928亿元人民币(830亿美元)。5月，提出了一些关于走失动物救援和宠物葬礼的新标准。一个月后，上海成为全国首个出台室内商业场所动物展示规定的城市)”可知，本段是按照时间顺序，从1992年宠物行业开始，到2023年宠物经济价值，再到5月和6月的相关标准和规则的提出，进行了阐述。故选B。13.D14.A15.B16.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“InMay,ChinaRailwayconductedasurveyonthedemandforpettransportationonhigh-speedtrains.(5月，中国铁路对高铁宠物运输需求进行了调查)”提到中国铁路进行了高铁宠物运输需求调查；以及最后一段中“ThesedevelopmentshavehighlightedtheshiftingroleofanimalsinChina'scitiesandthenecessityformoreregulationofthepeteconomy.(这些发展突显了动物在中国城市中角色的转变，以及加强对宠物经济监管的必要性)”可知，文章主要围绕城市中的宠物角色变化及宠物经济监管展开：A选项“城市中的宠物”符合文章主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。17.B 18.C 19.B 20.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帝企鹅在南极洲的繁殖行为，包括它们如何返回南极洲繁殖、如何保护蛋不受寒冷影响以及如何通过聚集在一起保持温暖等。17.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Everywinter,theemperorspenguins(帝企鹅)returntoAntarcticafromtheoceantobreed(繁殖).(每年冬天，帝企鹅都会从海洋返回南极大陆进行繁殖)”可知，帝企鹅在冬季返回南极是为了繁殖，即产卵和养育幼崽。故选B。18.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fortheeggtosurvive,themalemustmakesureitdoesn'ttouchtheicyground.(为了使蛋存活，雄性必须确保它不接触冰冷的地面)”和“So,tocreateanest,anemperorpenguindaduseshisfeet,whereithatchesatacosy36℃.Buthemustnotlettheeggtouchthegroundforthenexttwomonths!(所以，为了筑起一个巢，帝企鹅爸爸会用双脚托住蛋，那里能保持舒适的36摄氏度来孵化。但在接下来的两个月里，他绝不能让蛋碰到地面！)”可知，雄性帝企鹅的角色是确保蛋保持温暖，不让它接触到冰冷的地面。故选C。19.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Whentheweatherbecomesworse,maleemperorstakeadvantageofwhattheyhavearoundthem——eachother.Theprotectivefatherscrowdtogethertocreateabreakfromthewindandcold,andtocapturebodyheat.(当天气变差时，雄性帝企鹅会利用身边现有的东西————彼此。这些具有保护意识的父亲们聚集在一起，以避开寒风，并相互取暖)”可知，帝企鹅爸爸们聚集在一起是为了共同抵御恶劣的天气条件，如强风和寒冷。故选B。20.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Everywinter,theemperorspenguins(帝企鹅)returntoAntarcticafromtheoceantobreed(繁殖).(每年冬天，帝企鹅都会从海洋返回南极大陆进行繁殖)”、第二段中“There,theypairupandinMaythefemalelaysanegg.Shegivestheeggtothemaleforsafekeepingandreturnstotheseatohunt.(在那里，它们结成伴侣，到了五月，雌性会产下一枚蛋。她把蛋交给雄性保管，然后返回大海捕猎)”以及最后一段中“Whentheweatherbecomesworse,maleemperorstakeadvantageofwhattheyhavearoundthem——eachother.Theprotectivefatherscrowdtogethertocreateabreakfromthewindandcold,andtocapturebodyheat.(当天气变差时，雄性帝企鹅会利用身边现有的东西————彼此。这些具有保护意识的父亲们聚集在一起，以避开寒风，并相互取暖)”可知，文章主要描述了帝企鹅在南极冬季的繁殖行为，包括它们如何返回南极、如何孵化蛋以及如何通过聚集来抵御恶劣天气。因此，文章的主要内容是关于帝企鹅的繁殖行为。故选D。21.A22.D23.B24.C25.A26.A27.B28.A29.C30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了物理学教授TatianaErukhimova通过充满活力的物理实验让学生对科学产生兴趣，她起初难以吸引学生注意力，后来改变方法取得成功，并因此获得国家教育创新奖。21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，教物理的TatianaErukhimova成功地让她的学生对科学产生了兴趣。A.managed设法做到；B.failed失败；C.imagined想象；D.returned返回。根据前文“Yet”以及“getherstudentsexcitedaboutscience.”以及后文对TatianaErukhimova教学方法的描述可知，她成功让学生对科学感兴趣，managetodosth.表示“设法做成某事”。故选A。22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“Dr.Tatiana”的教授以无尽的精力和热情表演物理实验。A.understands理解；B.respects尊重；C.skips跳过；D.performs表演。根据后文“physicstricks”可知，这里说的是表演物理实验。故选D。23.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的许多实验视频在社交媒体平台上获得了数亿次的观看量，因为她在实验中使用了一系列日常用品，从乒乓球和卫生纸到自行车轮和吹风机。A.Gifts礼物；B.Videos视频；C.Amounts数量；D.Memories回忆。根据后文“acrosssocialmediaplatforms”可知，这里说的是视频在社交媒体平台上的观看量。故选B。24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的许多实验视频在社交媒体平台上获得了数亿次的观看量，因为她在实验中使用了一系列日常用品，从乒乓球和卫生纸到自行车轮和吹风机。A.fantastic极好的；B.wonderful精彩的；C.everyday日常的；D.expensive昂贵的。根据后文“frompingpongballsandtoiletpapertobicyclewheelsandhairdryers”可知，这些都是日常用品。故选C。25.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她知道如何让年轻人对一门艰深的科学感到兴奋。A.excited兴奋的；B.upset沮丧的；C.depressed抑郁的；D.satisfied满意的。根据前文“getherstudentsexcitedaboutscience”可知，这里说的是让学生对科学感到兴奋。故选A。26.考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十年前，当她刚开始教大学一年级学生时，她很难吸引学生的注意力。A.decades几十年；B.minutes分钟；C.days天；D.centuries世纪。根据后文“Bythesecondsemester,shefoundher11herapproachtomakeherlargelecturehallsfeel12andgetherstudentsengaged.”可知，到了第二学期，她才找到方法，所以此处表示的是几十年前，她刚开始教大学一年级学生时的情况。故选A。27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年前，当她刚开始教大学一年级学生时，她很难吸引学生的注意力。A.thinking思考；B.teaching教学；C.training训练；D.punishing惩罚。根据上文“whenshefirststarted”以及后文“collegefreshmanclasses”可知，此处表示的是她刚开始教大学一年级学生时的情况。故选B。28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年前，当她刚开始教大学一年级学生时，她很难吸引学生的注意力。A.struggled努力，挣扎；B.mastered掌握；C.contributed贡献；D.applied应用。根据后文“Ididnotmakeitonthefirstday.”可知，第一天她没有成功，所以此处表示的是她很难吸引学生的注意力，struggletodosth.为固定短语，表示“努力做某事”。故选A。29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“当我在一个能容纳100多名一年级学生的大讲堂里授课时，第一印象很重要。不幸的是，第一天我没有做到。”A.aids帮助；B.limits限制；C.impressions印象；D.chances机会。根据后文“Ididnotmakeitonthefirstday.”可知，第一天她没有做到，结合常识可知，此处表示的是第一印象很重要。故选C。30.考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“当我在一个能容纳100多名一年级学生的大讲堂里授课时，第一印象很重要。不幸的是，第一天我没有做到。”A.Luckily幸运地；B.Eventually最终；C.Generally通常；D.Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“Ididnotmakeitonthefirstday.”可知，第一天她没有做到，所以此处表示的是不幸的是。故选D。31.考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了第二学期，她发现改变自己的方法，让大讲堂感觉更小，让学生参与进来。A.moving移动；B.changing改变；C.solving解决；D.waving挥手。根据后文“herapproachtomakeherlargelecturehallsfeel12andgetherstudentsengaged.”可知，她想办法让学生参与进来，所以此处表示的是她改变了自己的方法。故选B。32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到了第二学期，她发现改变自己的方法，让大讲堂感觉更小，让学生参与进来。A.bigger更大的；B.smaller更小的；C.higher更高的；D.stricter更严格的。根据后文“getherstudentsengaged”可知，她让学生参与进来，结合常识可知，大讲堂里学生很多，所以此处表示的是她让大讲堂感觉更小，这样学生才能更好地参与进来。故选B。33.考查动词词义辨析。句意：“课前课后和学生交流。当你上课时，在楼梯上走来走去，而不是呆在讲台上，”她说，“并添加示范，帮助学生将抽象概念与现实生活联系起来。”A.jump跳；B.run跑；C.stretch伸展；D.stay停留。根据前文“walkupanddownthestairs”可知，此处表示的是在楼梯上走来走去，而不是呆在讲台上，stayon为固定短语，表示“呆在……上”。故选D。34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Erukhimova在社交媒体上获得的不仅仅是人气；她还因其创新的教育项目获得了国家奖项。A.adventure冒险；B.concern关心；C.popularity受欢迎程度；D.contribution贡献。根据前文“herexperimentshavereceivedhundredsofmillionsofviewsacrosssocialmediaplatforms”可知，她的实验视频在社交媒体平台上获得了数亿次的观看，所以此处表示的是她在社交媒体上获得的不仅仅是人气。故选C。35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Erukhimova在社交媒体上获得的不仅仅是人气；她还因其创新的教育项目获得了国家奖项。A.culture文化；B.nature自然；C.industry工业；D.education教育。根据前文“whenshefirststarted7collegefreshmanclasses”可知，她教大学一年级学生，所以此处表示的是她因其创新的教育项目获得了国家奖项。故选D。36.celebrating37.to38.educators39.which40.followed41.weregiven42.topraise43.the44.larger45.official【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国教师节的起源、历史发展以及庆祝方式，强调了尊师重教在中国文化中的重要地位。36.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国教师节是一个庆祝中国2300年尊师重教传统的节日。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，festival与celebrate之间为主动关系，使用现在分词形式。故填celebrating。37.考查介词。句意：它与孔子————中国古代最伟大的教育家之一的生日相似。besimi