商务英语泛读教案

2009年第•学期商务英语泛读教案

TeachingNotesforBusinessEnglishExtensiveReading

课程内容及目标：

i阅读理解：能够读懂英语国家出版的中等难度的各种材料和文章（包括新闻电讯与特写、短文、电报、传记、游记及

史地科普文章）、难度相当于ThemoonIsDown的文学原著、Reader'sDigest等报刊、杂志，以及少年百科全书中各种文

章。阅读速度为80个词/分钟，能了解中心大意，抓住主要论点或情节；能根据所读材料进行推理和分析，领会作者的真

实意图。H快速阅读：能在3-4分钟内速读1000词左右的中等难度的文章（生词不超过总词数3%）,了解中心大意，根

据上下文和构词知识猜测和判断词义。快速阅读可分为：1、略读：耍求以“全景式”浏览全文。目的是检查对文章大意的

理解程度。重点放在从整体意义上把握作者思维的轨迹。包括：文章的中心思想、作者的观点、文章的风格、文章的口

吻、文章的体裁。2、寻读：旨在寻找各种特定的具体信息，不要求了解全文大意。寻读的阅读材料可分为：英语词典，

百科全书，年鉴，广告，说明书，图表，旅游见闻，信件，火车、飞机、轮船、浏览车的时刻表，索引，数据，菜单，

报刊、杂志，论文、备忘录、报告、讲座等的摘选篇章。

教学环节：1,ReadingSkill2、3,Text4<VocabularyBuilding5xCloze6<Text7<FastReading8、TopicsforDiscussion

andReflection..

考核形式：1、Vocabulary2,Cloze3^ReadingComprehension4,FastReading

教材及主要参考书：《商务英语阅读》总主编：虞苏美高等教育出版社

《新编英语教程》（1-4册），王守仁，赵文书主编，上海外语教育出版社，2001年7月

版；《新编英语泛读教程（1-4）参考答案》，《新编英语泛读教程》编写组，上海外语教育出版社，1997年8月版：《英语

泛读教程1、2》曾肯干等编著，上海外语教育出版社，1998年版；《英语阅读论》胡春洞等编著，广西教育出版社。

FastReadingSkills

i.解决短篇文章阅读理解问题的过程:

>Stepl：快速逊全文，旨在绘文章的主旨及把握文章结构。不求完全看懂每词每句的意思。

>Step2：逐个看问题。

>Step3：磔与回答问题相关的信息。（*|可的就是要只花时间在与回答问题相关的词句上面。尽量减少作无用功。）

>Step4：分析信息，逊答案。（*要充分利用你的经验、知识和直觉。）

>Step5：评选多选项，选出与自己的推断答案一致的选项。（*正确的选择项不过是对自己推断答案的确认。）

具体执行要点：

>Step1：快速逊全文，旨在鹿度文章的主旨及把握文章结构。不求完全看懂每词每句的意思。

1.英语议论文和说明文的典型结构：

I.Introduction

Thesubjectortopic.Astatementoftheproblem,etc.Comments

onthewayitistobetreated.

ILDevelopment

Presentation,analysisanddiscussion(involvingcommentson

"advantagesanddisadvantages").

1.mainidea.(+examples,details)

2.mainidea(+examples,details)

3.etc.

III.Conclusion

PerhapsasummaryofthemainpointsinIL

Ownviews/opinionsanddecisions.

3.英语议论文和说明文的典型段落:

DevelopingParagraphsMainlinkingwords

1CauseandeffectwhydidXhappened?whatcausedX?the

因果型causeis...,because/becauseof,thereasons

for...,since,nowthat,asaresultof,on

accountof,forthisreason,owingto,due

to,theresult/effect/consequenceof...,thus,

hence,therefore,so,sothat,resultin,lead

to,consequently,accordingly,

2Comparisonandcontrastmorethan,lessthan,as...as...,not

比较和对比型so...as...,thesameas..,,similarly,

likewise,justas,incomparisonwith,

comparedwith,incontrast,while,whereas,

ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,

however,

3Exemplificationforexample,forinstance,thatistosay,that

举例型is,namely,say,suppose,suchas,one

exampleis...,take...asanexample,there

aremanyexamplestoshow

4Interpretationofdataaccordingto,inaccordancewith,inrelation

解释型to,ascanbeseenfromthe

chart/diagram/table/graph,asshowninthe

table/figure/chart,

5Listingfirst,second,third,...last

列举型inthefirstplace,then,next,besides,

inadditionto,moreover,furthermore

finally,

6Classificationbeclassifiedinto...,consistof...,

分类型comprises,iscomposedof...,isdivided

into.・•・,constitutes,

7GeneralizationItisgenerallyaccepted/argued/held

演绎概括型/believedthat...,generallyspeaking,

8DrawingconclusionsInshort,inaword,inbrief,tosumup,in

归纳推理型conclusion,onthewhole,altogether,in

all,...

1.演绎型段落：主题句通常在段落的开头。

2.归纳型段落：主题句通常在段落的末尾。

3.将各段落的主题句概括起来就是主题思想。

Step2：逐个看问题。

阅读问题的主要类型：

❖就文章主题、段落大意提问

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?

❖就作者观点、态度提问

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?

Intheauthor'sview,highservicestandardsareimpossibleinIsrael.

就文章基调、写作目的提问

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'stoneinthepassage?

Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis.

♦就逻辑性推理判断提问‘,

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

Thispassageismostprobablytakenfromanarticleentitled

就具体的细节确认康问

WhydidBezaq'sinternationalbranchlose40%ofitsmarketshare?

Whocanmakebigmoneyinthenewcenturyaccordingtothepassage?

Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?

❖就词汇、短语的意义提问

Inthepassage,44outofsightandoutofmind^^(Line2,Para.3)probablymeans.

Theword''spas"(Line2,Para3)mostprobablymeans.

Step3：搜索与回答问题相关的信息。

如何搜索与问题相关的信息：

I.抓问题中的关键词语：

2.基于对段落大意和文章结构把握(Stepl),以及问题类型对信息的要求(Step2),运用快读法(Skimming),找到

与回答问题相关的语句；

3.运用详细研读法(Scanning),获取这些语句传达的信息。

Step4：分析信息，摧新答案。

推断出正确的答案主要受三个因素的影响：

I.英语基础知识和应用技能；

2.应试者的综合知识；

3.科学的思维方法。

分析问题的方法：根据问题的类型，相机抉择。

一、关于主题思想(SubjectMatter)

SubjectMatter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种

SupportingDetails来阐明中心议题。因此，把握主要思想对于全文理解具有重要意义。主旨题类常被列为5题之首。然而，

如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案，而找主:题往往需要通读全文后才

能作出判断。

针对SM问题，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文，理解文章主旨大意，阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子

在文章中的位置也不同，但阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为他们往往名包含文章的

中心议题(SM).

根据问题内容的不同，这类问题可分成主题型、标题型和目的型。主题型一目了然就是找中心(Mainldea)：标题型

是为文章选择标题(Title)；目的型就是推断作者的写作意图(Purpose)。这类题常见的命题方式有：

(1)Whatisthemainidea(subject)ofthispassage?

(2)Whatdoesthispassagemainly(primarily)concerncd?

(3)Themainthemeofthispassageis.

(4)Themainpointofthepassageis.

(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

(6)Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis.

(7)Onwhichofthefollowingsubjectwouldthepassagemostlikelybefoundinatextbook?

(8)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?

（9）Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage.

（10）Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

解题步骤

A.找出主题句主题句大多数情况下出现在比较重要的位置，如文章的开头或结尾，如果一篇文章包括多个段落，一般

来说每个自然段的首句也是主题句。文章主题句之外的其他内容•般都是对主:题句加以解释、补充说明或列举事实等。

主题型例文1

Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness-forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom-

arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter."You'resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven'tencodedit

deeply.”

Encoding,Schaclerexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failure

toencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon'tpayattention

towhatyoudidbecauseyou'reinvolvedinaconversation,you'llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhangingin

youwardrobe（衣柜）.“Youmemoryitselfisn'tfailingyou."saysSchactcr."Rather,youdidn'tgiveyourmemorysystemthe

informationitneeded.”

Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.i4Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,“sayZelinski,

“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.^^Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypay

moreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.

Visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacler."Buibesurethecueisclearandavailable,“hecautions.If

youwanttoremembertotakeamedication（药物）withlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable-don'tleaveitinthe

medicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.

Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou*rethere.Mostlikely,you

werethinkingaboutsomethingelse."Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,"saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturnto

whereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou'lllikelytoremember.

30.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）Theprocessofgradualmemoryloss.

B）Thecausesofabsent-mindedness.

C）Theimpactoftheenvironmentonmemory.

D）Awayofencodingandrecalling.

略加浏览一下各段的第一句话（不用都读完），即可看出这是一篇科普性的说明文，文章的话题是absent-mindedness。

本文开头第,句话即点明了文章的主题。第二段说明了absent-mindedness的原因之，failuretoencodeproperly0第

三段说明了它的另一个原因lackofinteresto第四段是关于如何"preventabsent-mindedness"，最后一段通了

absent-mindedness的另一种形式、其原因以及发生了这种情况后该怎么办。所以综合起来，文章的主题是absent-mindedness

的原因，故B）是正确答案。

B.概括和归纳出主题思想在阅读理解中有的文章是没有主题句的。这是由于文章体裁的原因，或是由于短文是节选的。

这时就要靠应试者自己进行概括或归纳隐含的主题思想了。概括主题可以从归纳每段的要点开始（大部分文章都是由数

段组成），最后将各段要点集中概括并归纳出全文的主题思想。

主题型例文2

Itishardtotrackthebluewhale,theocean'slargestcreature,whichhasalmostbeenkilledoffbycommercialwhalingand

isnowlistedasanendangeredspecies.Attachingradiodevicestoitisdifficult,andvisualsightingsaretoounreliabletogivereal

insightintoitsbehavior.

Sobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhen,withthehelpoftheNavy,theywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhale

for43days,monitoringitssounds.ThiswaspossiblebecauseoftheNavy'sformerlytop-secretsystemofunderwaterlistening

devicesspanningtheoceans.

TrackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjustopeningtocivilianscientistsafterthecoldwarastheNavy

startstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsof

potentialenemies.

Earthscientistsannouncedatanewsconferencerecentlythattheyhadusedthesystemforcloselymonitoringadeep-sea

volcaniceruption（爆发）forthefirstlimeandthattheyplansimilarstudies.

Otherscientistshaveproposedtousethenetworkfbrtrackingoceancurrentsandmeasuringchangesinoceanandglobal

temperatures.

Thespeedofsoundinwaterisroughlyonemileasecond-slowerthanthroughlandbutfasterthanthroughair.Whatis

mostimportant,differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds,focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope（听诊

器）doeswhenitcarriesfaintnoisesfromapatient'schesttoadoctor'sear.Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthatevenrelatively

weaksoundsintheocean,especiallylow-frequencyones,canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.

31.Thepassageischieflyabout.

A）anefforttoprotectanendangeredmarinespecies

B）thecivilianuseofamilitarydetectionsystem

C）theexposureofaU.S.Navytop-secretweapon

D）anewwaytolookintothebehaviorofbluewhales

本文是一篇科普类说明文。第一、二段以追踪蓝鲸引出话题，即军事技术（水下监听）在非军事领域的应用。第三段进

一步加以明确，说明trackingwhales仅仅是这一技术应用的一个例子。第四段说的是水卜,监听技术在monitoringdeep-sea

volcaniceruption方面的应用。第四段说的是水下监听技术在trackingoceancurrentsandmeasuringchangesinoceanand

globaltemperatures方面的应用。最后一段是作了原理性的说明。

综上所述，本文的话题是水下监听技术，主题则是这一技术的非军事领域的广泛应用。因此31题的正确答案应为B）。

此外，这一题也可用排除法解题或加以验证。C）的错误之处在于与文章内容完全不符，文中只提到了水下监听技术曾是

绝密的（formerlytop-secret）,况且这项技术也并不是weapon。A）、D）两项涉及到蓝鲸，而追踪蓝鲸只是这一技术应用

的一个例子，属细枝末节。如果A）或D）是文章的主题的话，那么后面的三段与主题有多大关系呢？

标题型例文

Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritis

theuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?

Amongtheargumentsfbruniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian（白

姓的）Clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevision

repairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagarage

mechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayistherefbranurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessional

identily（身份）thantostepoutofuniform?

Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible（可减

税的）.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.

Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedby

peoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,

withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.

Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthe

costofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehome

launderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.

65.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A）UniformsandSociety

B）TheImportanceofWearingaUniform

C)PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniform

D)AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms

本文可分为三个部分。第一段提出话题：uniform.以卜•的四段中，每段的第一句话都是该段的主题句。第二、三两段

说明了制服的好处，第三、四两段说的是制服的不利方面。因此，这篇文章的主题是：制服的利与弊，故标题应为D)。

目的型例文

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andother

teammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes(运动员).Stresscan

bephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedas

droppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsfbrlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluable

experiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainother

socialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandpaientsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbackto

youngsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents*andcoaches5criticismstoheartandfindaflaw(缺

陷)inthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcome

ofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsport

setting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,

manyparentsandcoachesfbcusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbe

providedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearning

thancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis.

A)toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidbuniout

B)topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

C)tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

D)todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

本文第一段论述了sportsarementallychallenging(第一句话后半句)。指出教练和家长的批评和急于获胜的压力可能

会带来负面的影响。

第二段指出在早期发展阶段教练和家长要意识到他们的反应会极大地影响孩子(theirfeedbacktoyoungsterscan

greatlyaffecttheirchildren)0

第三段的第一句话是这一段的主题句。本段告诫教练和家长不要使运动成为孩子的负担。注意此处的标志词“also”。

综上所述，本文的主题是劝告教练和家长不要对孩子的运动成绩过于批评，而应该象倒数第三、第二句话暗示的那

样，多加以鼓励。所以本文的写作目的应选择C)。

二.态度类问题(Altilude)

阅读理解的最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)

及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。

关于态度或基调(AttitudefTone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手，一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的

(objective)或中立的(neutral)；而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样，常见的选项有：

(1)positive

(2)negative

(3)neutral

(4)approval

(5)disapproval

(6)indifferent

(7)sarcastic

(8)critical

(9)optimistic

(10)pessimistic

下面是这类问题常见的儿种提问方式：

(1)What'sthewriter'sattitudeto...?

(2)What*sthetoneofthepassage?

(3)Theauthor'sviewis

(4)Thewriter'sattitudeofthispassageisapparently.

(5)Theauthorsuggeststhat

(6)Accordingtoauthor,

有的文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，而有的文章中，作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点，需要阅读时

仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时，首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语：其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇，如

形容词、副词、动词等。

对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手，从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。

态度类问题例文

Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasshrunk.It*snowa“globalvillage*'wherecountriesareonly

secondsawaybefaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunications

equipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskills.

Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectforthe

economicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.Inmodernmarkets,successoverseasoftenhelpssupportdomesticbusinessefforts.

Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationed

inanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeing“outofsightandoutofmind."Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortis

centraltothecompany'splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployee

cansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorwillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackinthe

UnitedStateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent(普遍的).

Thankstoavarietyofrelativelyinexpensivecommunicationsdeviceswithbusinessapplications,evensmallbusinessesin

theUnitedStatesareabletogetintointernationalmarkets.

Englishisstilltheinternationallanguageofbusiness.Butthereisanever-growingneedforpeoplewhocanspeakanother

language.Asecondlanguageisn'tgenerallyrequiredtogetajobinbusiness,buthavinglanguageskillsgivesacandidatetheedge

whenotherqualificationsappeartobeequal.

Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry'sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertain

negotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.Theemployeeatthehomeoffice

whocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.

21.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?

A)Critical.B)Indifferent.C)Prejudiced.D)Positive.

本题的基调是比较鲜明的。题干表面是问作者对于高科技通讯工具的态度，但我们从全文可以感觉到，作者对现代通

讯是持正面态度的，因而对于其通讯工具估计也是持肯定态度的。当然，细心一点的话，可以发现第四段中的

''communicationsdevices”与题干中的communicationsequipment相对应。而它所在的这一段说：由于各种各样的相对来说

并不贵重的通讯设备用于商业，连小企业也能进入国际市场了。能进入国际市场自然是好事，所以作者明显是持正面的

态度的。

三.细节类问题(SupportingDetails)

细节性问题是关于SupportingDetails类的问题，通过Skimming找出主题后，应进一步掌握阐述和发展主题的主要

事实，或按要求找出特定细节。在回答此类问题时，应采用查读法（Scanning）,因为这些具体内容（Details）是用来说

明、论证或分析文章中心的。这类题目常以“WH-”形式来提问，如who,what,when,where,why及how等形式。

这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所

问：然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语：最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定正确答案。

当然，这类细节性问题所涉及的面是很广的。有的涉及数字计算，如问时间、距离、次数、数量等，认真计算后方

可选定正确答案；有的涉及正误判断，要先看选项，根据选项提供的线索，寻视文中相应部分，最后在题中选出肯定答

案；还有的寻问事实、原因、结果、口的等。总之，做细节题切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解和认识做出想像判断，

一定要紧扣文章内容，不可随心所欲。

细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：

(1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

(2)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

(3)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?

(4)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...

(5)Thereasonfor...is...

(6)Theauthorstatesthat...

(7)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how.who,etc.)...

细节类问题例文

Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionour

heroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?

Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstruct

andinspirepeople.

Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Buta

herogoesbeyondmerefame.

Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltagetransformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigher

powersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.

Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,and

meaning.Asuretestfbrwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomdotheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswer

orevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJackson

arefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?

Heroesarecatalysts(催化剂)fbrchange.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhavetheskillandthecharmto

movethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosa

ParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wemightstillhavesegregated(隔离的)buses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossiblefor

largescalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevision

uncertain,andthecommitteemeetingsendless.

11.Althoughheroesmaycomefromdifferentcultures,they.

A)generallypossesscertaininspiringcharacteristics

B)probablesharesomeweaknessesofordinarypeople

C)areofteninfluencedbypreviousgenerations

D)allunknowinglyattractalargenumberoffans

木题即对应于第二段这一句话。题干中的“Althoughheroesmaycomefromdifferentcultures"，完全对应于第二段的状

语“Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures”,选项A)「日的"generallypossess”对应于主句「口的"generallyshare“，“inspiring”

对应于原主句中的定语从句“thatinstructandinspirepeople”。

四.推理性问题(Inference)

推理性问题与细节性问题相似，也是对文章具体内容的判断。但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义，还耍掌

握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识，从文章表面推出更深层含义，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，出错也最多，

归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。

文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图，有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会，靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断，

从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。这类问题的命题方式有：

A)(1)Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat

(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

(3)Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat.

(4)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

(5)Thepassageisintendedto.

(6)Thewriterindicatesthat.

Example1

(15)Theauthorconcludesthathistoricalchangeswould.

A)bedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalqualities

B)nothappenwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarysacrifices

C)takeplaceiftherewereheroestoleadthepeople

D)produceleaderswithattractivepersonalities

题干中的concludes和historicalchanges告诉我们答案应该在文章的最后一段的最后一句话。这句话说我：在缺少

leaderswithmagneticpersonalities的情况下，大规模的变革也许会发生，但速度迟缓，前景不明朗，人们将无休止地争论。

在此基础上，我们可以得出结论，即选项A)。

Example2

Inrecentyears,Israeliconsumershavegrownmoredemandingasthey'vebecomewealthierandmoreworldly-wise.

Foreigntravelisanationalpassion;thissummeralone,onein10citizenswillgoabroad.Exposedtohigherstandardsofservice

elsewhere,Israelisarereturninghomeexpectingthesame.Americanfirmshavealsobegunarrivinginlargenumbers.Chains

suchasKFC,McDonald'sandPizzaHutaresettinganewstandardofcustomerservice,usingstrictemployeetrainingand

constantmonitoringtoensurethefriendlinessoffrontlinestaff.EventheAmericanhabitoftellingdepartingcustomersto“Havea

niceday“hascaughtonalloverIsrael.,4Nobodywakesupinthemorningandsays,'Let'sbenicer,“saysItsikCohen,directorof

aconsultingfirm.l4Nothinghappenswithoutcompetition.”

Privatization,orthethreatofit,isamotivationaswell.Monopolies(垄断者)thatuntilrecentlyhavebeenfreetotaketheir

customersfbrgrantednowfearwhalMichaelPerry,amarketingprofessor,calls“therevengeful(报复的)consumer/5Whenthe

governmentopenedupcompetitionwithBczaq,thephonecompany,itsinternationalbranchlost40%ofitsmarketshare,even

whileofferingcompetitiverates.SaysPerry,“Peoplewantedrevengefbralltheyearsofbadservice.^^Theelectriccompany,

whosemonopolymaybeshort-lived,hassuddenlystoppedrequiringuserstowaithalfadayfbrarepairman.Now,appointments

arescheduledtothehalf-hour.ThegracelessElAlAirlines,whichisalreadyatauction(拍卖)，hasretraineditsemployeesto

emphasizeserviceandisboastingabouttheresultsinanadcampaignwiththeslogan.ktYoucanfeelthechangeintheair."For

thefirsttime,praiseoutnumberscomplaintsoncustomersurveysheets.

26.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A)customerserviceinIsraelisnowimproving

B)wealthyIsraelicustomersarehardtoplease

C)thetouristindustryhasbroughtchainstorestoIsrael

D)Israelicustomers