初中英语时态一般现在时现在进行时一般过去时过去进行时

实用标准文档实用标准文档文案大全文案大全实用标准文档文案大全一般现在时1.一般现在时的基本用法：经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率副词的时间状语连用。时间状语：everymorning(afternoon,Sunday),sometimes,onSunday,often,usually等.例如：IwakeupatsixO’clockeverymorning.MyfriendsoftengototheparkonSundays.用于表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.TomorrowisTuesday.用于格言或警句中。例如：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.用于表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：Idon'twantsomuch.Sheisagoodgirlandalwayshelpothers.Mywatchisverynew。一般现在时的构成：当主语是第一人称，第二人称或第三人称复数时，谓语动词要用动词原形。当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即动词词尾要加s或es.例.Wehavefourclassesinthemorningeveryday.Theyworkinabigoffice.Shelikessingingverymuch.附注：动词的第三人称单数变化形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。1.规则变化：直接在动词词尾加-s.ask---askswork---worksget---getsstay---stays以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.fix---fixesdo---doesgo---goespass---passeswatch---watcheswash____washes以“辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try---triesstudy---studiescry---cries2．不规则变化：be----ishave----has一般现在时的句子转换：变否定句、一般疑问句一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词提到主语的前面变成疑问句;否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例：Sheisastudent.Icanswim.→Issheastudent?→Canyouswim?→Sheisnotastudent.→Icannotswim.一般疑问句：当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do,does变成问句；否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t,doesn’t变成否定句，助动词后的谓语动词要变成动词原形。例：Wegetupat7:00everymorning.→Doyougetupat7:00everymorning?→Wedon’tgetupat7:00everymorning.Shehasalittlebrother.→Doesshehavealittlebrother?→Shedoesn’thavealittlebrother.百看不如一练写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。sitswimreadmakerunwritetypegowatchcleancrywashjumpcomestudy用do、does填空_____yourideabikeafterschool?Yes,I________.______yoursisterlikefootball?No,she______not.What_______thestudentshave?Theyhavesomepens.How______Lindagotoschool?Shegoestoschoolonfoot.He______notspeakEnglish.HespeaksChinese.______theywatchTVonSundays?Yes,they______.Myfatherandmother______notreadnewspapersonSaturday.三、改句子Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?肯定回答( )Ihavemanybooks.（改为否定句）GaoShan’ssisterlikesplayingtabletennis（改为否定句）ShelivesinasmalltownnearNewYork.（改为一般疑问句）IwatchTVeveryday.（改为一般疑问句）Davidhasgotagoal.（改为一般疑问句）Wehavefourlessons.（否定句）Nancydoesn’trunfast（肯定句）Mydogrunsfast.否定句：一般疑问句：Mikehastwolettersforhim.一般疑问句：否定句：IusuallyplayfootballonFridayafternoon.否定句:一般疑问句:SuYangusuallywashessomeclothesonSaturday.否定句:一般疑问句:Mingmingusuallywaterstheflowerseveryday否定句:般疑问句:Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.否定句:一般疑问句:现在进行时一、现在进行式的基本结构。第一人称：主语+am+现在分词+……IamwatchingTV.第三人称单数：主语+is+现在分词+……Sheiswashingthedishes.第二人称及复数人称：主语+are+现在分词+……Theyareplayinggames.二、进行时的基本用法：表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.SheislearningEnglishunderMr.Smith.表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go等。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.三、现在进行时谓语动词的变化规则一般情况下，在动词后加ing构成.如：work_workingsleep_sleepingwait_waitingstudy_studying以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e后再加ing.如take_takingmove_movingwrite_writing.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且未尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写未尾的辅音字母于加ing.如。sit_sittingplan____planningswim_swimming.以字母ie结尾的动词，通常把ie改为y，再加ing.如。die___dyingLie__lying四、没有进行时态的动词表示感觉的感官动词没有进行时态。seehearfeelsoundsmelltaste表示存在状态的动词没有进行时态have(有)staybeown表示人物的心理活动，态度情感等的描述性动词没有进行时态lovelikehateknowthink表示一次性动作的动词没有进行时态decidegive百看不如一练写出下列动词的现在分词stand_________sleep_________jump_________walk_________clean_________wash_________do____________go__________listen_________read_________play__________sing__________have_________write_________come_________dance_________skate_________make________ride__________sit___________run__________swim_________根据提示完成下列句子1.Thestudents_______(正在上英语课)2.Somegirls________(正在跳舞)3.I____________(正在骑自行车)4.Mymother__________(正在做家务)5.Helen___________(会做模型飞机)6.______you____(正在看报纸吗)7.______she_______正在打扫图书馆吗( )8._______theboys________正在打篮球吗( )三、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.Listen!Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.What_____you______(do)now?Look!They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow.10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.四句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)一般过去时一．概述1.去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；2.时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month,具体时间)justnow,attheageof,oneday,longago,onceuponatime(很久以前),3.动词变化规则：一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed。如：wanted，played。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。如：hoped，lived。重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stopped,shipped。以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加ed。如：studied，worried。有些动词不符合上面的规则，需要特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,eat-ate,swim-swam,buy-bought,see-saw,teach-taught,bring-brought,think-thought,fall-fell,hurt-hurt,break-broke,win-won,lose-lost二、一般过去时的基本用法带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时，如：yesterday（昨天）、twodaysago…（两天前……）、lastyear…（去年…）、theotherday（前几天）、onceuponatime（很久以前）、justnow（刚才）、intheolddays（过去的日子里）、before……（……前）、at+一个时间点Eg.Didyouhaveapartytheotherday？LeiFengwasagoodsoldierintheolddays.表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时,这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。Eg.Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment，lookedatthecaptain，andthendied.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always，never等连用。Eg.Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较:Mrs.Peteralwayscarriesanumbrella.（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）Mrs.Peterisalwayscarryinganumbrella.彼得太太总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用usedtodo(过去常常做，而现在不那样做了)Heusedtodrink.（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）Iusedtotakeawalkinthemorning.（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）比较：Itookawalkinthemorning.（只是说明过去这一动作）5有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！Ididn’tknowyouwereinParis.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：ButnowIknowyouarehere.）Ithoughtyouwereill.（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）辨别正误LiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning.把此句变为一般疑问句1.DidLiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning？动词应该用________2.DoesLiMingStudyEnglishthismorning？时态应该用________3.WasLiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning应该用_______而不是be动词三、一般过去时的基本结构一般过去式的构成形式：肯定式疑问式否定式IworkedDidIwork?IdidnotworkHe(she,it)workedDidhe(she,it)He(she,it)didnotwork?work?workWeworkedDidwework?WedidnotworkYouworkedDidyouwork?YoudidnotworkTheyworkedDidtheywork?Theydidnotwork否定形式：be动词前：werenot行为动词前：didnot+实义动词原形一般疑问句：be动词前：was或were放于句首；行为动词前：用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。一般过去时专项练习一一选择（）1.Shelivedtherebeforehe____toChina.A.cameB.comesC.comeD.coming（）2.I_____but_____nothing.A.waslistened;washearingB.listened;heardC.havelistened;heardD.listened;heardof（）3.Whendidyou____here?A.gottoB.reachedC.arriveinC.arriveinD.reach（）4.I____myhomeworkat7:00yesterdayevening.A.finishedB.wouldfinishC.wasfinishingD.finish（）5-Hedidn'tgoshoppingwithyouyesterdayafternoon,didhe?-_______.A.No,hedoesn'tB.Yes,hedidn'tC.No,hedidC.No,hedidD.Yes,hedid.(()6-Ihavehadsupper.-When____you____it?A.have;hadB.do,haveC.did,haveD.willhave二、请用正确动词形式填空。二、请用正确动词形式填空。1They____(be)onthefarmamomentago.2There____(be)ashopnotlongago.3Jenny____(notgo)tobeduntil11:00o'clocklastnight.4Danny_____(read)Englishfiveminutesago.5I_____(see)LiLei____(go)outjustnow.6He____(do)hishomeworkeveryday.Buthe__(notdo)ityesterday.7WhenIwasyoung,I_____(play)gameswithmyfriends.8When____you_____(write)thisbook?I_____itlastyear.99Didhe____(have)lunchathome?10I_____(eat)thebread,I'mfullnow.11_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.12._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_________.13.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.14.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.15.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.16.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.17.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.18.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.19.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.20.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she__________.三、翻译下列句子1.我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。I______________________________________excitingweekend.2.Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。Jennylikes___________________.She_________anEnglishbooklastnight.3.Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。Emma__________TVeveryday.Buthe____________________yesterday.44.上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。What________they__________________Saturday?They___________________homeworkand___________________.三、改写句子：1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy______________________herhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)___________he_____________________meatinthefridge?3、Shestayedthereforaweek.（对划线部分提问）_______________________________she__________there?4、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句)_________there___________orangeinthecup?过去进行时（一）定义（一）定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。（二）结构was/were+doing（现在分词）（三）用法1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语thismorning，thewholemorning，alldayyesterday，fromninetotenlastevening，when，while等。例如：WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.WhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday？Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain，thesunwasshining.2.过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday？WhenIsawhimhewasdecoratinghisroom.3.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：Whilehewaswaitingforthebus，hewasreadinganewspaper.HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.4.英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）1）表心理状态、情感的动词，如love，hate，like，care，respect，please，prefer，know等，若用进行时则词意改变。I’mforgettingit.（=beginningtoforget）2）表存在、状态的动词，如appear，exist，lie，remain，stand，seem等3）表感觉的动词，如see，hear，feel，smell，sound，taste等.4）表一时性的动词，如accept，allow，admit，decide，end，refuse，permit，promise等，例如误：Iwasknowingtheanswer.正：Iknewtheanswer.我知道答案。误：Iwasn'tunderstandinghim.正：Ididn'tunderstandhim.我不明白他的意思。练习用动词的适当形式填空Whilewe__________(wait)forthebus,agirl__________(run)uptous.I__________(telephone)afriendwhenBob__________(come)in.Jim__________(jump)onthebusasit__________(move)away.We__________(test)thenewmachinewhentheelectricity__________(go)off.She__________(notwant)tostayinbedwhiletheothers________________(all,work)inthefields.I_____(have)mybreakfastathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.AsI__________(walk)inthepark,it__________(begin)torain.Evenwhenshe___________(be)achildshe________________(already,think)ofbecomingaballerina(芭蕾舞演员).Itwasquitelateatnight.George__________(read)andAmy__________(ply)herneedlewhenthey__________(hear)aknockatthedoor.Mary_____(go)overherlessonsfromsixtosevenlastnight.Johnandpeter____(do)thesamething.._____they____(have)ameetingat4yesterdayafternoon?No,they_____.They_____(clean)theclassroom.No,they_____.They_____(clean)theclassroom.12.WhenI____(come)intheroom,he____(see)me,forhe____(read)something13.What_____you___(do)atthattime?We_____(watch)TV.1414.Wasyourfatherathomeyesterdayevening?Yes,hewas.He_____(listen)totheradio.15.They_____(notmake)amodelshipwhenIsawhim.选择题。1.I______cookedamealwhenyou_____me.a.cooked,wereringingb.wascooking,rangc.wascooking,wereringingd.cooked,rang2.Hesaidhe_____todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.a.triesb.triedc.wastryingd.willtry3.Whileshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroom.a.waswatching,washearingb.watched,washearingc.watched,heardd.waswatching,heard4.They_____afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.a.werewatchingb.watchc.watchedd.arewatching5.Whatbook____you______whenI____youatfouryesterdayafternoon?a.did,read,wasseeingb.did,read,sawc.were,reading,sawd.were,reading,wasseeing6.ItwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.Green_____readytoflytoEngland.a.aregettingb.getc.weregettingd.got7.LeiFeng_____always_____ofotherswhenhe______inthearmy.a.is,thinking,wasb.was,thinking,isc.did,think,isd.was,thinking,was88.Agirl______mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe_____me.a.saw,passedb.wasseeing,passedc.wasseeing,passedd.wasseeing,waspassing9.We____fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.a.werewaiting,waitingb.werewaiting,waitc.waited,waitingd.waited,wait10.He____hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helpsb.wouldhelpc.washelpingd.ishelping11.Whilemother_______somewashing,I_____akiteforKate.a.did,madeb.wasdoing,madec.wasdoing,wasmakingd.did,wasmaking12.“_______youangrythen?”“they______toomuchnoise.”a.are,weremakingb.were,weremakingc.are,maded.were,made13.He____somecookingatthattime,so_____mea.did,heardb.did,didn’thearc.wasdoing,heardd.wasdoing,didn’thear14.Thistimeyesterdayjack_____hisbike.He_____TVa.repaired,didn’twatchb.wasrepairing,watchedc.repaired,watchedd.wasrepairing,wasn’twatching15.Hisparentswantedtoknowhowhe_____onwithhisnewclassmates.a.wasgettingb.getsc.isgettingd.willgetTherebe结构句型的讲解与练习。第一关：Therebe结构的意义及形式Therebe结构主要用以表达"某处(某时)有某人(某物)",其基本句型为"Therebe+某物或某人+某地或某时"其中there是引导词,没有词义;be是谓语动词;"某人或某物"是句子的主语;"某地或某时"作句子的状语,多是介词短语。如:Thereisafootballunderthechair.引导语谓语动词主语介词短语(某地)第二关：Therebe结构中的动词be的确定therebe结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如:Thereisaflowerinthebottle.Therearesomeapplesonthetable.若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:Thereisaboy,agirlandtwowomeninthehouse.Therearetenstudentsandateacherintheoffice.第三关：:Therebe结构的句型转换否定句:therebe的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如:Therearesomechildreninthepicture.→Therearen'tanychildreninthepicture.一般疑问句及其答语:把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes,thereis/are;否定答语为No,thereisn't/aren't。如:-Aretheretwocatsinthetree?-Yes,thereare.(No,therearen't.)第四关：Therebe与haveTherebe与have都可表示“有”的含义。但have表所有关系，therebe表“存在”，侧重的重点不同；并且have前必须有人作主语。例如：Therearesomechildreninthegarden.Shehasthreedaughtersandtwosons.百看不如一练用刚刚学到的句型翻译下列句子。例如：有桌子上有一条鱼。答:Thereisafishonthetable.1在桌子上有一个苹果.__________________________________________在篮子里有八个西红柿._________________________________________在教室里有一个老师和八个学生.__________________________________在教室里有八个学生和一个老师.__________________________________变下列句子为否定句.Thereisabigwatermelononthetable.________________________________________________________________Thereareeightchildrenintheclassroom.________________________________________________________________3)Therearemanybooksinthebag.________________________________________________________________变下列句子为一般疑问句.1)Thereisadogonthechair._____________________________________________________________2)Thereissomefruitonthetable._____________________________________________________________3)Therearemanypencilsinthepencilcase.________________________________________________________________中考原题1．Thereare_____daysinaweek．A．thesevenB．seventhC．theseventhD．seven2．Therearefe