留帮appgre作文1科学研究

fundamentalobjectivesandnatureofresearchresearchistheexplorationoftheunknownfortrueanswerstoourquestions,andforlastingsolutionstoourenduringproblems.Researchisalsothechiefmeansbywhichwehumansattempttosatisfyourinsatiableappetiteforknowledge,andourcravingtounderstandourselvesandtheworldaroundexploreunchartedandunpredictableterritoryIndisputably不可否认的,themanycomplextechnologicalmarvels科学thataresignificantofourlivesaretheresultoftheextraordinarycumulativeeffortsofourengineersentrepreneursandothersandsuchachievementsalwayscallforthecouragetoriskfailinginalargeway.Anumberofentrepreneursandengineerstodayaremakingtheefforttocreatefarsimple,yetmoreelegant,andapplications,whichwillsurelymakeourlivesfarmoreconvenientThestatementbringsimmediaytomindtheever-growingandincreasinglycomplexdigitalworld.数字世界科学家的研究和科学的进步1.贡献取决于?Whoistodecidewhichareasofacademicinquiryareworthwhile?Scholarscannotbelefttodecide.norcanregulatorsandlegislators,whowouldbringtobeartheirownquirkynotionsaboutwhatwouldbeworthwhile,andwhosesusceptibilitytoinfluencerendersthemuntrustworthyinanyevent.Byhumannaturewearemotivatedtopursuethoseactivitiesinwhichweexcel.Tocompelscholarstofocusonlyoncertainareaswouldwastetheirtrue/inlectualtalents.Besides,lackinggenuineinterestormotivation,ascholarwouldbeunlikelytocontributemeaningfullytohisorher“assigned”fieldofstudy.Historyisladenwithunusualclaimsbyscholarsandsearchersthatturnedoutstunningly极富的significant–thatthesunliesatthecenterofoutuniverse,thattimeandspacearerelativeconcepts,thatmatterconsistsifdiscreteparticles,thathumansevolvedfromotherlife-forms,tonameafew.可更换例子当时可能没有用,但是长久以后却有用了凡·vanTheunusualresearchareadoesnotimmediayaddresssociety’spressingsocialproblems.Yetinthelongterm,itmightbenecessaryto…一定程度上浪费了的Shouldnotallowtheirfacultytoindulgetheir alinlectualfantasiesattaxpayerEarneststudyinthehumanitiesaffordsustoknowwhatisbestforsociety,andhelpsThroughoutthehumaninlectualhistory,itisalwaysthedifferentschoolsofthoughtthatboostthehumanscientificandtechnologicalprogress.Nowadays,incrediblechangeinvehiclesfortransportationandroadimprovementhavemadetravelmotonlysaferbutfasterandmorecomfortableaswell.High-speedmagneticlevitationtrains(高速磁悬浮列车)cantransportpeoplesafelyatspeedsofupto300 anhourinpartsofEuropeandJapan.TheConcordejetcantransportpeoplefromNewYorktoLondoninlessthanfourhoursinluxuriouscomfort.TherehaveevenbeenspacetouristswhohavetraveledintoouterspacetotheInternationalSpaceStationandreturnedsafelytoEarth.Notonlyhavethetransportationvehiclesthemselvesbeengreatlyenhanced,butthehighwaysandrailwaysthatvehiclesusehavealsobeentremendouslyimproved.Tobeinanuts,morecesthaneverbeforedarenowaccessiblebyrapidandreliabletransportation.Wehavedevisedmachinesthatperformnumber-crunchingandotherrotecerebraltaskswithgreateraccuracyandspeedthanhumanmindsevercould.Machineshavenocapacityforindependentthought,formakingjudgmentsbasedonnormativeconsiderations,orfordeveloemotionalresponsestoinlectualproblems.Upuntilnow,thenotionofhuman-mademachinesthatdeveloptheabilitytothinkontheirandtodevelopso-called"emotionalinligence,"hasbeenpurefiction.凭空虚Yetitseemspresumptuoustoassertwithconfidencethathumanswillalwaysmaintaintheirsuperiorstatusovertheirmachines.Recentadvancesinbiotechnologyparticularlyintheareaofhumangenomeresearchsuggestthatwithinthe21stCenturywe'llwitnessmachinesthatcanlearntothinkontheirown,torepairandnurturethemselves,toexperiencevisceralsensations本体感觉,andsoforth.Humanshavetheuniquecapacityforindependentthought,subjectivejudgment,andemotional科学的双面foreverynewresearchbreakthroughthathelpsreduceshumansufferingisanotherthatservestoaddtothatsufferingForexamplewhilesomemightarguethatphysicsresearcherswhoharnessedthepoweroftheatomhaveprovideduswithanalternativesourceofenergyandinvaluablepeace-keepersthisargumentignoredthefacethathundredsofthousandsofinnocentpeoplemurderedandmaimedbyatomicblasts,andbynuclearmeowns核.对广岛[Hiroshima]轰炸HiroshimawasdestroyedinWorldWarIIbythefirstatomicbombusedininfulfillingthepromiseof"betterlivingthroughchemistry"researchhasgivenuschemicalweaponsforhumanslaughter..Chemicalwarfare&biologicalwarfare&biochemicalwarfare研究与投资moneyspentonresearchisgenerallyasoundinvestmentbecauseitisaninvestmentintheadvancementofhumanknowledgeandinhumanimaginationandspirit.Whilewemustinvestinresearchirrespectiveofwhethertheresultsmightcontroversial,atthesametimeweshouldbecircumspectaboutresearchwhoseobjectivesaretoovagueandwhosepotentialbenefitsaretoospeculative.moneymightspenttowardaddressingsociety'smoreimmediateproblems,suchasenhanceAIDSawarenessandeducation,andsoforth科学”theory”andwhenitcomestoscienceourwishesanddesiresultimayyieldtothestubbornnessoffacts--bywhichImeanempiricalscientificevidenceandthelawsandprinciplesofthephysicalworld.Admittedly,inmanycasesitisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenscientific"fact"andmere"theory."Historyisrepletewithexamplesofwhatwereconsideredatonetimetobefacts,butlaterdisprovedasincorrecttheories.Yetitislingthatmanysuchobsoletetheorieswerebasedonthesubjectiveinclinations,desires,andwishesoftheoristsandofthesocietiesinwhichthetheoristslived.Forexample,thenotionsofanEarth-centereduniverseandoflineartimeandspacewerebothinfluencedbyreligiousnotions--thatis,byhumanwishesandpassions.Asourfactualknowledgeincreased,suchtheoriesultima ygiveway.(7学者应该自己思想//科技和闲(30科技的主要目的是提高人们生活的效率，从而增加人们的闲暇时间(107现代即时通讯系统使得人们快速作出选择并给出答复，而不是仔细考虑。(151高速电子通讯方式会人们进行深入思考//；互联网；//e-//letter，邮件1、科技进步(通讯工具的发展)并没有给人们的生活带来的时间来思考；2科技的目的是作为一种使得人们可以更加方便的生活探索世界。要角色，其他通讯也非常必要。数字图像和实(7机比记录文字更重要。(38电视比书籍更有助于学习(150电视和电脑可以促进人们了解从未去过的很多地方，因而旅游将会被荒废(237电脑和图像技术可以人们可以传真得到像油画和历史作品等作品，这样所//的效应//：Helenof//Monet的作品。Mona//2Dsideview//历史文献，一些重要的还是会保留在馆中，而不是放在往上(74最有效的思想和价值观念的方法是图像而不是语言。//时间简史。ABriefHistoryof1、电视、机可以更真、更形象2、电视和网络开拓了人的眼界，使得人们更便捷的看到的美好的地(艺术品)1、机的图像现在很容易更改，所以真假难辨科技的目的：和社会/的关(31在科研的投资是很好的，即使结果是有争议的。(40学者不用关注他们的成果是否对社会有贡献，而是应该更关心他们的研究兴(44不应该资助其结果还不明确的研究(69应该对科研施加尽可能小的限制(119////二候的德国进行的不人道研需要支持的原因121、有些有争议的研究是对人类有害的，所以也应该谨慎科技的贡献和影(88科技不仅影响而且决定了社会习惯和道德。(114科技的进步没有带来人性的进步(166过去的一个世纪，科技的最重要贡献是使得人们的生活更加舒适(196科技造成的问题远多于解决的问题，而且可能会到我们生活的质量(129科技在现代社会是必要的，但是并不总是有正面影响。//////eachcoinhasitstwo122、科技无法解争、和贫困等问题3面对科技进步不能片面追求经济利益而应该的关注社会利益和个人生活的科研和发现创(92在学术领域和其他领域，认识到自己知识的局限性和探求新的信息是同等重(118完成目标并不重要，重要的是这个过程中遇到的想法和发现(216(87任何领域的初学者总是更作出重大发现(217为了作出性的工作，需要首先研究其他人的成功工作以确认还有什么//neptune//isaacnewton//roentgen发现x领域，那些刚刚接触政治的人往往由更愿望来推动科技阻碍人们的(23科技带来多是细节信息。人们忽视了大的观点和全面的思考(66人们越来越依赖科技，以至于思考能力下降(159人的头脑总会胜过机器//速计算//直线、回旋。哈勃望远镜//CT。////thelordofthe(219123利用科技人类可以节省大量时间和精力在繁琐的计算可能有的时4科技对艺术有重要贡献给人们提供了的更好的的机会在这些机器，他们才能正确运作；机器的出现最初都是基于人们的humanmind，没有人Obviously,nowadayswecanneverimaginelivinginaworldthatthereisnocarsfortravelingtooffices,noevisionsforwatchingTVshows,nocellularphonesforcommunicationswithourfamily,andsoforth.Technologicaladvancementhasknittedtheworldtobeaseamlesswebofinformationandphonelines,inwhichpeopleareabletogettherequisitesmuchmoreeasilythaneverbefore.Whenweareatwork,wesurftheinternetforsuggestionswefeeltired,webookanairnetickettoHawaiiforweekends.%Ko,n*vY|留学| Itseemsaparadoxthatourefficienciesaremuchhigherthaneverbeforewhileourleisuretimeisincreasinglydiminishing,butitisactuallythereality.Thegreaterourmobility,themoreourdestinationseachday;themoretime-savingfacilitiesweuse,themoreactivitieswetrytoattendeachday;withmoreconvenientaccesstoinformation,wetrytoassimilatemoreofiteachday.Nowadayswearedtodomorebythesuperiors,thecompetitors,orevenbyourselves.Fortunay,wehavemoreopportunitiesandchoicesthanourpredecessors,butatthesametime,unfortunay,wehavetoconfrontwithmuchmorechallengesandsufferfrommuchmorepressure.Therefore,peoplemaybenotabletoenjoytheirleisuretimemuchinsuchanincreasinglycompetitivesociety,consequentlyresultinginsomeserioussocialproblems,suchasunemployment,resentment,highsuiciderate,anti-socialbehaviors,andsoforth.寄托家园Mj1i*h_(gc的火星车v/^I4w_'d}Thetwinrobotgeologists,theMarsExplorationRovers,hassuccessfullylaunchedonthesurfaceofMarsthisyear.Therovershavestartedtheirmissionoflookingforsignsofpastwater,whichwouldbehelpfulforfurtherdeterminationwhetherlifeeveraroseonMars. ~&f哈勃望远镜*j4m&k9thO-WiththehelpoftheHubblespaceescope,wecangetmoreclosetotheuniverseandobservethestars,nets,nebulas,rFyq{YwL发现X射线留学,考试,TOEFL,GRE,GMAT,IELTS,SAT,VISA,文书,签a_$vFgIn1895,whenWilhelmRoentgenwasworkingindarkenedroom,tryingtodeterminethepenetratingpowerofcathoderays,henoticedthatafaintlightappeared.Theserayshadspecialpenetratingpowertopassthroughinmedicalservicesandscientificresearches.Althoughscientificresearchhasproducedsubstantialsocialbenefitsithasalsoposedseveraltroublingethicalproblems.Publicattentionwasdrawntoreportedabusesofhumansubjectsinbiomedicalexperiments,especiallyduringtheSecondWorldWarThephysiciansandscientistswhohadconductedbiomedicalexperimentsonconcentrationcampprisonerswerejudgedguiltyintrials.(科技和道德)寄托家园JD4l*y!K(C+`7J'P3t!B0BW:@s1\Upenicillin的发In1928,AlexanderFlemingleftsomeunwashedtescontainingsomebacteriainhislabwhilehewasonholiday.Whenhecameback,hefoundthatamoldwasallovertheteandallthebacteriaweredead.Thisamazingmold,Penicillin,couldinhibitthegrowthofmanydeathfulbacteria,g-T坛,出国,申请,,Aresearcherworkingfor3M,amaterials,hadnnedtomaketheworldgreatestglue.However,intheresearchhefoundtheworld’sworstglue,astickysubstancethatneversticks.Thisglueisoneofthebestthings3Mever|留学|Obviously,nowadayswecanneverimaginelivinginaworldthatthereisnocarsfortravelingtooffices,noevisionsforwatchingTVshows,nocellularphonesforcommunicationswithourfamily,andsoforth.Technologicaladvancementhasknittedtheworldtobeaseamlesswebofinformationandphonelines,inwhichpeopleareabletogettherequisitesmuchmoreeasilythaneverbefore.Whenweareatwork,wesurftheinternetforsuggestionsandinformation;whenwearehungry,wecallanexpressdeliveryservice;whenwefeeltired,webookanairnetickettoHawaiiforItseemsaparadoxthatourefficienciesaremuchhigherthaneverbeforewhileourleisuretimeisincreasinglydiminishing,butitisactuallythereality.Thegreaterourmobility,themoreourdestinationseachday;themoretime-savingfacilitiesweuse,themoreactivitieswetrytoattendeachday;withmoreconvenientaccesstoinformation,wetrytoassimilatemoreofiteachday.Nowadayswearedtodomorebythesuperiors,thecompetitors,orevenbyourselves.Fortunay,wehavemoreopportunitiesandchoicesthanourpredecessors,butatthesametime,unfortunay,wehavetoconfrontwithmuchmorechallengesandsufferfrommuchmorepressure.Therefore,peoplemaybenotabletoenjoytheirleisuretimemuchinsuchanincreasinglycompetitivesociety,consequentlyresultinginsomeserioussocialproblems,suchasunemployment,resentment,highsuiciderate,anti-socialbehaviors,andsoforth.Thetwinrobotgeologists,theMarsExplorationRovers,hassuccessfullylaunchedonthesurfaceofMarsthisyear.Therovershavestartedtheirmissionoflookingforsignsofpastwater,whichwouldbehelpfulforfurtherdeterminationwhetherlifeeveraroseonMars.WiththehelpoftheHubblespaceescope,wecange