Unit+3+The+World+of+Science+Grammar+and+Vocabulary课件【知识精讲精研+备课精准突破】 高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

Unit3Unit3TheworldofscienceToknowtheuseofpresentprefectpassive.Todosomeexercisesusingthepresentperfectpassive.Toknowsomecareersinscience.现在完成时(have/has+v-ed)

表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响;表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。Doyouknowthestructuresandmeaningsofthepresentperfecttenseandpassivevoice?被动语态助动词be+及物动词的过去分词be随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。PresentperfectpassiveLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.aIguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.bNewinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.1Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)?Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.aIguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.bNewinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.2Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)?Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.cIguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.dPeoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.3Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?

Inthefirstgroup,thewordsinredshowtheuseofthepassiveformwiththesubjects,whileinthesecondgroup,thewordsinredshowtheuseoftheactiveformwiththesubjects.4Whydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassage?Theauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasisewhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepresentperfectpassiveinthereadingpassage.1.TheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.2.In

addition,

importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.3.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.VerbformActivePassivehave/has+been+v-edHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?have/has+v-ed现在完成时的被动语态意义及结构表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在产生的影响。动词和被修饰主语构成被动关系。肯定式：have/has+been+v-ed否定式：have/has+not+been+v-ed一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+v-ed?特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+been+v-ed?现在完成时的被动语态有两种情况：1)表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语有：for+段时间，since+时间状语(从句)，thesedays,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等。如：ThisclasshavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyears.HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.Rowling’snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.2)表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等连用。如：Thebikehasnotbeenrepairedyet.IhavealreadybeenintroducedtoMr.Smith.并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。Greatchangeshavetakenplace

inChinasince1978.【注意】1.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时被动语态的区别一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。Themachinehasbeenrepaired．机器已经修好了。(动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。)2.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

e.g.Theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere．孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。I.将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。

1.NobodyhasheardofSusansinceshemovedtoAmerica.

__________________________________________________2.Theywon'tfinishtheexperimentbeforeteno'clock.___________________________________________________Susanhasn'tbeenheardofsinceshemovedtoAmerica.Theexperimentwon'tbefinishedbeforeteno'clock.3.Wehaven'tgiventhemanythingtoeat.

__________________________________________________4.Haveyoufedthepigsyet?

__________________________________________________5.Wehavealreadydiscussedthisquestion.

__________________________________________________Thisquestionhasalreadybeendiscussed.Theyhaven'tbeengivenanythingtoeat.Havethepigsbeenfedyet?II.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Thesamemistake_______________(make)manytimes.2.Morethan100famousfilms________________(show)inthecitysinceJuly.3.Forhistenthbirthday,Carlwantedabicyclebut________(give)aguitarbyhisparents.4.Althoughit_______________(play)manytimes,hestilllovesit.

5.Threenewschools_______________(open)inourcityinthepast5years.hasbeenmade

havebeenshownwasgivenhasbeenplayedhavebeenopenedRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Manythingsinourliveshave3D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.alreadybeenaffectedButperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.

Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting-inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!3ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.Thewindowhasbeenbroken.Thelockonthedoorhasbeenbroken.Mytwolaptopshavebeenstolen.Beakersandtesttubeshavebeendestroyed.Thebookcasehasbeenopened,andsomefileshavebeentakenawaywhileothershavebeenthrowneverywhere.Therobothasbeendamaged.thebuildings,destroy,earthquakeThebuildingshavebeendestroyedbytheearthquake.Lookatthepictures,firstlistsomekeywords,andthenmakeupsentencesusingthepresentperfectpassivevoice.machinereplacecomputerThemachinehasbeenreplacedbythecomputer.inourcity,anewbridge,buildAnewbridgehasbeenbuiltinourcity.recently,manytrees,plant,alongtheroadManytreeshavebeenplantedalongtheroadrecently.sevenHarryPorterbooks,J.K.Rowling,sofar,writeSevenHarryPorterbookshavebeenwrittenbyJ.K.Rowlingsofar.CareersinscienceLookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.physicistmathematician1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesecareers?Aphysicistisapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithphysicsorwhostudiesphysics.Amathematicianisapersonwhoistrainedinthestudyofnumbersandcalculations.geographer

biologistchemistastronomerAchemistisapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithchemistryorwhostudieschemistry.Anastronomerisascientistwhostudiesthestars,planets,andothernaturalobjectsinspace.Ageographerisapersonwhostudiesgeographyorisanexpertinit.Abiologistisapersonwhostudiesorworksinthefieldofbiology.2.Whatfamousscientistscanyounameinthesefields?physicistIsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinmathematicianJohannCarlFriedrichGaussZuChongzhichemistAntoine-LaurentdeLavoisierastronomerEdmondHalleygeographerbiologistAlfredLotharWegenerGregorJohannMendelCompletetheintroductionsaboutdifferentscientistswiththewordsinActivity4.Payattentiontothelanguagethatdescribestheircareers.GuoShoujing(1231-1316)wasafamousChinese___________oftheYuanDynasty.Heinventedtwelvenewinstrumentstostudystarsandplanets.HealsodevelopedacalendarwhichisasaccurateastheGregoriancalendar.AmountainontheMoonandaminor

planetarenamedafterhim.astronomer

British________CharlesDarwin(1809-1882)isbestknownforhisworkOntheoriginofSpecies,inwhichheexplainschangesinspeciesduetonaturalselection.Hisideasdeeplyinfluenceourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.biologistLiDaoyuan(ca466-527)wasafamouswriterand___________oftheNorth