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千里之行,始于第2页/共2页精品文档推荐雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之简答题如何提高阅读速度以及答题精确度,今日我给大家带来了雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--ShortAnswerQuestions(简答题),盼望能够关心到大家,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--ShortAnswerQuestions(简答题)
ShortAnswerQuestions(简答题)
1.题型要求:每个题目都是一个特别问句,要求依据原文作出回答。
绝大部分的题目要求有字数限制,一般有如下几种表达方式:
(1)NOMORETHANTWO/THREE/FOURWORDS(不超过2/3/4个字);
(1)ONEORTWOWORDS(一个或两个字);
(1)UseamaximumofTWOwords(最多两个字)。
有字数限制的,肯定要严格根据题目要求去做。少部分的题目要求中没有字数限制,这时,请留意,答案字数也不会很长,一般不会超过四个字。
总之,这种题型的答案都是词或短语,很少是句子,所以又叫“短问答”。
考试中,A类和G类一般都是每次必考,考一组,共三题左右。
2.解题步骤
(1)找出题目中的关键词,最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。题目中假如包含年月、人名、地名、数字,这些词确定是关键词,由于原文中不会对这些词做转变,而且这些词特殊好找,所以依据这些词在原文中确定答案比较快。
(2)从头到尾快速阅读该段落,依据题目中的其他关键词,确定正确答案。
(3)答案要对应题目中的特别疑问词。绝大部分的答案是名词或名词短语,也有少部分是动词或形容词短语。详件下文:
特别疑问词:when,where,what,who
答案词性:名词(时间,地点,人或单位等)
答案例子:8:00am,classroom,calciumdeposit,Australiantaxpayer
留意事项:不需要时间名词前面的介词及冠词,钟点后面要有am或pm。
特别疑问词:howmany,whatproportion,whatisthecost
答案词性:数词(比例,钱币等)
答案例子:6,20-30%,$25million
留意事项:最好写阿拉伯数字。
特别疑问词:whatdo
答案词性:动词
答案例子:evacuatethebuilding
特别疑问词:whathappen
答案词性:短的句子
答案例子:Thelicensemaybecancelled.
特别疑问词:how
答案词性:介词短语
答案例子:bybike
(4)要留意挨次性,即题目的挨次与原文的挨次基本全都。第一题的答案应在文章的前部,其次题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学确定答案的位置。
NOTICE
1.全部的答案都不用大写,专出名词除外。
一句话的第一个字母需要大写,我们的答案大部分都是词或短语,都不是一句话,所以不用大写。但答案中的专出名词,如人名和地名需要大写。例如:Australiantaxpayer,不能答为:australiantaxpayer。
2.绝大部分的答案来自原文原词,极少一部分需要自己写答案。
大部分的答案来自原文原词,而且是原文中连续的几个词。只有极少一部分需要自己写答案。所以,在考试中,假如发觉有许多都需要自己写答案,应首先怀疑自己找错答案的位置。需要自己写答案的例子:
原文:…ifyourironproducesdropletsofwaterinsteadofgivingoffsteam,yourtemperaturecontrolissettoolow.
题目:Whatshouldyoudoifourironstartstodripwater?
答案及解释:原文说:假如你的熨斗产生水滴而不是放出水蒸气,是以为你把温度设置的过低。题目问:假如你的熨斗开头滴水,你应当做什么?答案应当是上升温度的意思,但原文中并没有相应的原词,需要自己写出来。最好的答案是依据yourtemperaturecontrolissettoolow改为settemperaturehigh/higher。同样正确的答案为:increasethetemperature或turnuptemperature。
3.答案涉及数字的,最好写阿拉伯数字,以免发生拼写错误。
题目问howmany/howmuch/whatproportion时,答案一般是数词,这时最好写阿拉伯数字,这样一来最保险,不用拼写成英文。
4.答案涉及数字的,一般要有简洁的四则运算。
题目问howmany/howmuch/whatproportion/whatisthecost时,答案一般不会直接是原文中消失的数字,而要涉及到简洁的四则运算,通常是加减法。
原文:Allmajorcitiestherehavehighcarownership,butwelldevelopedbusandrailsystemsareavailable,andoverallpublic
transporttypicallyaccountsforbetween20and30percentofpassenger-kilometers.
题目:WhatproportionofpassengerkilometerisundertakenbyprivateautomobileinWesternEurope.
答案及解释:许多同学误答20-30%。原文说:公共交通占20-30%。题目问:私人小轿车所占的比例。答案应为:70-80%。
5.答案涉及钱币的,在数字前肯定要有货币符号,在数字后可能会有单位。
原文:Theremayhavebeensomeconsolationinthefactthatthebidcamein$1millionbelowtherevisedbudgetand$5millionbelow
theoriginalbudgetof$29millionformulatedinmid-1991.
题目:WhatwasthecostoftherevisedbudgetfortheSydneybid?
答案及解释:依据留意事项4,会有简洁的四则运算,此题应当是考过的题目中运算最简单的。费用比修改后的预算少1million,比最初的预算少5million,最初的预算是29million,所以,修改后的预算应为$25million。留意,这三个词,25、$25、25million都是错误的答案。
6.找到答案后,要向后看一、两句,看有无重大的转变。
原文中常用转折词修改前面说过的话或作补充。因此,对有些陷阱性题目,找到答案后,要向后看一、两句,看有没有转折词。一般只向后看一、两句即可,不用看得太远。
原文:Youironisdesignedtofunctionusingtapwater.However,itwilllastlongerifyouusedistilledwater.
题目:Whatsortofwaterareyouadvisedtouse?
答案及解释:题目问:建议你使用什么样的水?有的同学从原文的第一句中的出答案:tapwater(自来水),但原文中立刻就有一个转折词however,正确答案为:distilledwater(蒸馏水)。
7.满意字数限制的方法。
大多数简洁题有字数的限制,找到答案后,假如答案超过了字数要求,就需要去掉一些词。基本原则是:保留核心词,去掉修饰词。可依此去掉:
(1)冠词:a/an/the
(2)副词:副词用来修饰动词,保留动词,去掉副词。
(3)形容词或分词:常用来修饰名词,保留名词,去掉形容词或分词。
(4)假如有必要,将AofB改为BA:这里A和B都是名词,如typeoffabric,可改为fabrictype,省掉一个字。
大家留意,在去掉多余的字的时候,不要去得太厉害。在满意字数要求的前提下,应尽可能多保留一些原文中的词句。有时去得太厉害,会造成错误。例如正确答案为:Australiantaxpayer,假如答成taxpayer,是不对的。
原文:…theamountofsteambeinggivenoffdependinguponthetypeoffabricbeingironed.
题目:Whatfactormakesyoudecideonthequantityofsteamtouse?
答案及解释:假如没有字数限制,可以答为:thetypeoffabric或thetypeoffabricbeingironed。现在,字数限制为NOMORETHANTHREEWORDS,答案应先去掉冠词the,再去掉分词短语beingironed,正确答案为typeoffabric。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Wealthinacoldclimate
A
DrWilliamMasterswasreadingabookaboutmosquitoeswheninspirationstruck.“TherewasthisanecdoteaboutthegreatyellowfeverepidemicthathitPhiladelphiain1793,”Mastersrecalls.“Thisepidemicdecimatedthecityuntilthefirstfrostcame.”Theinclementweatherfrozeouttheinsects,allowingPhiladephiatorecover.
B
Ifweathercouldbethekeytoacitysfortunes.Mastersthought,thenwhynottothehistoricalfortunesofnations?Andcouldfrostlieattheheartofoneofthemostenduringeconomicmysteriesofall-whyarealmostallthewealthy,industrialisednationstobefoundatlatitudesabove40degrees?Aftertwoyearsofresearch,hethinksthathehasfoundapieceofthepuzzle.Masters,anagriculturaleconomistfromPurdueUniversityinIndiana,andMargaretMcMillanatTuftsUniversity,Boston,showthatannualfrostsareamongthefactorsthatdistinguishrichnationsfrompoorones.TheirstudyispublishedthismonthintheJournalofEconomicGrowth.Thepairspeculatesthatcoldsnapshavetwomainbenefits—theyfreezepeststhatwouldotherwisedestroycrops,andalsofreezeorganisms,suchasmosquitoes,thatcarrydisease.Theresultisagriculturalabundanceandabigworkforce.
C
Theacademicstooktwosetsofinformation.Thefirstwasaverageincomeforcountries,thesecondclimatedatafromtheUniversityofEastAnglia.Theyfoundacurioustallybetweenthesets.Countrieshavingfiveormorefrostydaysamonthareuniformlyrich;thosewithfewerthanfiveareimpoverished.Theauthorsspeculatethatthefive-dayfigureisimportant;itcouldbetheminimumtimeneededtokillpestsinthesoil.Masterssays:Forexample,Finlandisasmallcountrythatisgrowingquickly,butBoliviaisasmallcountrythatisntgrowingatall.Perhapsclimatehassomethingtodowiththat.Infact,limitedfrostsbringhugebenefitstofarmers.Thechillskillinsectsorrendertheminactive;coldweatherslowsthebreak-upofplantandanimalmaterialinthesoil,allowingittobecomericher;andfrostsensureabuild-upofmoistureinthegroundforspring,reducingdependenceonseasonalrains.Thereareexceptionstothecoldequalsrichargument.Therearewell-heeledtropicalcountriessuchasHongKongandSingapore(bothcity-states,Mastersnotes),aresultoftheirsuperiortradingpositions.Likewise,notallEuropeancountriesaremoneyed—intheformercommunistcolonies,economicpotentialwascrushedbypolitics.
D
Mastersstressesthatclimatewillneverbetheoverridingfactor—thewealthofnationsistoocomplicatedtobeattributabletojustonefactor.Climate,hefeels,somehowcombineswithotherfactors-suchasthepresenceofinstitutions,includinggovernments,andaccesstotradingroutes-todeterminewhetheracountrywilldowell.Traditionally,Masterssays,economiststhoughtthatinstitutionshadthebiggesteffectontheeconomy,becausetheybroughtordertoacountryintheformof,forexample,lawsandpropertyrights.Withorder,sothethinkingwent,cameaffluence.Buttherearesomeproblemsthatevencountrieswithinstitutionshavenotbeenabletogetaround,hesays.Myfeelingisthat,ascountriesgetricher,theygetbetterinstitutions.Andtheaccumulationofwealthandimprovementingoverninginstitutionsarebothhelpedbyafavourableenvironment,includingclimate.
E
Thisdoesnotmean,heinsists,thattropicalcountriesarebeyondeconomichelpanddestinedtoremainpenniless.Instead,richercountriesshouldchangethewayinwhichforeignaidisgiven.Insteadofaidbeinggearedtowardsimprovinggovernance,itshouldbespentontechnologytoimproveagricultureandtocombatdisease.Masterscitesoneexample:ThereareregionsinIndiathathavebeenprovidedwithirrigation-agriculturalproductivityhasgoneupandtherehasbeenanimprovementinhealth.Supplyingvaccinesagainsttropicaldiseasesanddevelopingcropvarietiesthatcangrowinthetropicswouldbreakthepovertycycle.
F
Othermindshaveappliedthemselvestothesplitbetweenpoorandrichnations,citinganthropological,climaticandzoologicalreasonsforwhytemperatenationsarethemostaffluent.In350BC,Aristotleobservedthatthosewholiveinacoldclimate...arefullofspirit.JaredDiamond,fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles,pointedoutinhisbookGuns,GenusandSteelthatEurasiaisbroadlyalignedeast-west,whileAfricaandtheAmericasarealignednorth-south.So,inEurope,cropscanspreadquicklyacrosslatitudesbecauseclimatesaresimilar.Oneofthefirstdomesticatedcrops,einkornwheat,spreadquicklyfromtheMiddleEastintoEurope;ittooktwiceaslongforcorntospreadfromMexicotowhatisnowtheeasternUnitedStates.ThiseasymovementalongsimilarlatitudesinEurasiawouldalsohavemeantafasterdisseminationofothertechnologiessuchasthewheelandwriting,Diamondspeculates.Theregionalsoboasteddomesticatedlivestock,whichcouldprovidemeat,woolandmotivepowerinthefields.Blessedwithsuchnaturaladvantages,Eurasiawasboundtotakeoffeconomically.
G
JohnGallupandJeffreySachs,twoUSeconomists,havealsopointedoutstrikingcorrelationsbetweenthegeographicallocationofcountriesandtheirwealth.Theynotethattropicalcountriesbetween23.45degreesnorthandsouthoftheequatorarenearlyallpoor.InanarticlefortheHarvardInternationalReview,theyconcludedthat“developmentsurelyseemstofavourthetemperate-zoneeconomies,especiallythoseinthenorthernhemisphere,andthosethathavemanagedtoavoidbothsocialismandtheravagesofwar.ButMasterscautionsagainstgeographicaldeterminism,theideathattropicalcountriesarebeyondhope:Humanhealthandagriculturecanbemadebetterthroughscientificandtechnologicalresearch,hesays,soweshouldntbewritingoffthesecountries.TakeSingapore:withoutairconditioning,itwouldntberich.
Questions14-20
Thereadingpassagehassevenparagraphs,A-G
ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsA-Gfromthelistbelow.
Writethecorrectnumber,i-xi,inboxes14-20onyouranswersheet.
ListofHeadings
i.Thepositivecorrelationbetweenclimateandcountry
ii.Thewealthinfluencedbyotherfactorsbesidesclimate
iii.Theinspirationfromreadingabook
iv.Otherresearcherresultsstilldonotruleoutexceptionalcases.
v.EruasiahasdifferentattributeswithAfrica
vi.Lowtemperaturemaybenefitpeopleandcrop
vii.Thetraditionalviewreflectingtheimportanceofinstitution.
viii.Thebestresulttouseaidwhichmakesadifference
ix.ThespreadofcropinEuropeanandothercourtiers
x.confusionsandexceptionalcasessuchasSingapore
14.ParagraphA
15.ParagraphB
16.ParagraphC
17.ParagraphD
18.ParagraphE
19.ParagraphF
20.ParagraphG
Questions21-26
Summary
CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingnomorethantwowordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes21-26onyouranswersheet.
DrWilliamMasterreadabooksayingthata(an)21whichstruckanAmericancityofPhiladelphiahundredsyearsago,hadbeenterminatedbyacoldfrost.Andacademicsfoundthatthereisapositivecontributionofacertainperiodofcolddaystoeconomicsuccessasinthesmallcountryof22;Yetbesidesexcellentsurroundingsandclimate,onecountryneedtoimproveboththeireconomyand23toachievelongprosperity.
Thankstoresemblingweatherconditionacrosslatitude,thewholecontinentof24enjoysfasterspreadofitsuniformityinmanyeconomicfactors.Alsothecropsuchas25isboundtospreadfasterthanthosecountriesalignedfromSouthAmericatotheNorth.WilliamMasterfinallypointedoutthoughgeographicalfactorsareimportantbuttropicalcountrysuchas26stillbecomerichduetoscientificadvancement.
文章题目:Wealthinacoldclimate
篇章结构
体裁
谈论文
题目
寒冷气候里的财宝
结构
(一句话概括每段大意)
A.一本书所启发的灵感
B.寒流可能会给人类和作物带来好处
C.国家收入和气候之间的关系
D.除了气候,其他因素也会影响财宝
E.转变救济的方式
F.欧洲和其他一些国家的作物推广
G.其他讨论者对于财宝和气候之间联系的理论存疑
试题分析
Question14-20
题目类型:Listofheading
Question21-26
题目类型:Summary
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
14
Inspiration,
Readingbook
第一句话
A段第一句话已经表明威廉博士在读一本关于蚊子的书时突然有了灵感,“DrWilliamMasterswasreadingabookaboutmosquitoeswheninspirationstruck.”所以选择iii
15
Lowtemperature,benefit
倒数其次句
“Thepairspeculatesthatcoldsnapshavetwomainbenefits…”其次段【B段】此句之前都是在提出问题,在倒数其次句话真正给出了理由和结论,且coldsnaps对应lowtemperature,所以选择vi
16
Correlation,climate,country
第一、二、三句
第三段【C段】第一句话总起该段内容,说明有两层相关的信息需要交代,其次句就第一句所给的“twosets”进行解释,”thefirstwasaverageincomeforcountries,thesecondclimate…”第三句说明讨论者发觉两者之间有联系“curioustally”,所以选i
17
Wealthinfluenced,
Otherfactors,besideclimate
第一、二句
第四段【D段】首句就提出气候不是一个最主要的因素,neverbetheoverridingfactor对应所选答案中的“besideclimate”,其次句话中给出了otherfactors,所以选ii
18
Useaid,makeadifference
其次、三句
其次句第一个单词Instead表示转折,一些经济发达的国家转变国外救济的方法;第三句中给到了转变方式以后的结果,improvinggovernance,improveagriculture,combatdisease,所以选viii
19
Spread,Europeanandothercountries
第三、四句话
第三句提到了欧亚大陆的地理状况,第四句话首字So表示小结,下结论,“So,inEurope,cropscanspreadquicklyacrosslatitudesbecauseclimatesaresimilar”所以选ix
20
Otherresearchers,notruleout
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