Unit+4+History+and+traditions+词汇课件-人教版(2019)必修第二册

授课：希希LanguagePointsHistoryandTraditionsUnit4高中英语必修第二册搭配：besimilarin在……方面相似bethesameas与……相同bedifferentfrom与……不同bedifferentin在……方面不同

WhydoyouthinkWilliamsaidhishometownwassimilartoQufu?1.besimilarto与…相似___________n.相似性

similarity①Althoughthetwinsarequitedifferent,they_______________eachotherinseveralways.②What____________canyoufindbetweenthem?aresimilartosimilarities2.Achilles’heel希娜神话：阿喀琉斯的脚跟

(比喻)致命的弱点①Angelaisasuperscholar,butspokenEnglishisherAchilles’heel.②Whenhegivesmeadvice,Iamallears.他给我提意见时，我_____________________.③Sorry,I’mallthumbswhenIcook.很抱歉我一做饭就_____________________________.④Mywifeboughtaminkcoatthatcostanarmandaleg.我妻子_____________________买了一件貂皮大衣。笨手笨脚的洗耳恭听花了一大笔钱典故出自荷马史诗《伊利亚特》(TheIliad)。特洛伊战争中，希腊联军阵营最骁勇善战的一支军队theMyrmidons是由Achilles率领的。Achilles在出生时，他的母亲Thetis替他做过特殊处理，因此全身刀枪不入。Thetis是海中女神，天神Zeus和海神Poseidon对她都有意思，可是都不敢要她，因为命运注定她所生的儿子会比父亲更厉害。最后她下嫁凡人Peleus国王，生下Achilles之后，抱着他来到Styx河边来泡水，使他刀枪不入。可是因为手捏着他的后脚跟没泡到水，因而成了唯一的弱点。特洛伊城50个王子之首的Hector是维持特洛伊不倒的人物。他虽勇敢，可是最后面对Achilles决战时，仍被追着绕了城墙好几圈才敢停下来作战。在民间戏剧中，往往把Hector描绘为爱吹牛的角色，所以英文中有hectoring一词表示"大吹大擂"、"说大话"。Achilles于杀死Hector之后，亦被特洛伊城的巴里斯王子(Paris)一箭射中后脚跟而阵亡。后人即以Achilles'heel表示致命伤，最大的弱点。2.Achilles’heel希娜神话：阿喀琉斯的脚跟

(比喻)致命的弱点英语俚语：pullsb.’sleg同某人开玩笑

flyoffthehandle大发雷霆

overthemoon欣喜若狂laughone’shead（s）off大笑不止，狂笑不已

beallears全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听bechild’splay极容易做；轻而易举

greenfingers园艺技能

laststraw救命稻草anearlybird早起的人

awetblanket扫兴的人

aluckydog幸运儿

atoughnut难对付的人fishoutofwater因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人3.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.puzzleabout/oversth对某事感到迷惑puzzlesthout琢磨出......的答案beinapuzzleaboutsth对某事迷惑不解puzzledadj.感到迷惑的puzzlingadj.令人费解的puzzlementn.迷惑；困惑wordpuzzle字谜1.Thefirstweekwasalittle____________________.2.Heworea

expression,maybetheproblemwasquite__________________.3.Somepeoplearepuzzled________thefactthatheisstillsingle.4._________________（使我困惑的是）isthatIdon’tknowtheexacttimeforthetest.5.Shewaspuzzling

thecauseoftheevents.puzzling/confusingaboutpuzzled／confused3.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.puzzling/confusingWhatpuzzlesmepuzzleover仔细琢磨，冥思苦想puzzleout仔细考虑解决难题

overjoin...to...

把......和......连接或联络起来jointo

连接到；联结4.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.EveryindividualorgroupisjoinedtotheworldbytheInternet.joinin=takepartin=participatein参加joinsbindoingsth和某人一起做某事Allthefamilyjoinmeinwishingyouahappyfuture.4.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.单句语法填空（1）Theislandisjoined

themainlandbyabridge.（2）Intheeveningtherewasabarbecue，withthewholevillage

（join）inthefun.（3）Doyouknowhowmanyofthemjoined

theresearchproject?完成句子（4）将一段管子与相邻的管子连接起来。

onesectionofpipe

thenext.

tojoiningin

Jointo5.Inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK.break短语：breakoff中断；折断 breakout突然发生，爆发breakthrough突破 breakup破碎；分解；解散；（关系）破裂breakdown（机器等）出故障；垮掉；分散；失败breakin破门而入；打断，插嘴breakinto破门而入；突然……起来①TheUnionfirstconsistedofseveralcountries,whichbrokeaway________itlaterbecauseofconflicts.②Itwasthefactthathiscarbroke________onthewaythisafternoonthatmadehimlateforthemeeting.③Thefirebroke_____duringtheday,soalmostnoonewasinjured.④—I'msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhavebroken________.—SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.⑤Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyhadbroken________theofficeduringthenight.⑥Startledbythesuddenwhistleofthetrain,thehorse__________(逃脱)．fromdownoutupintobrokeaway6.resultin导致，造成【归纳拓展】resultin导致，造成+结果

resultfrom起因于+原因【学法点拨】多种“导致”：resultin，leadto，bringabout，contributeto，cause单句语法填空（1）Theterribleaccidentresulted

carelessdriving.（2）Theterribleaccidentresults

sixdeaths.（3）Hestudiesveryhard.As

result，henowspeaksbrilliantEnglish.（4）Hehasapreferenceforliteratureasaresult

theinfluencefromhismother.frominaof7.referto...as...把……称为……TheAmericanIndiansreferredtosaltas“magicwhitesand”.美洲印第安人把盐称为“魔力白沙”。【学法点拨】“把……看作/称为”的表达方式还有：treat...as... thinkof...as... regard...as...lookon...as... view...as... consider...as…注意：referto提到，谈到；涉及，关于；参考，查阅派生词：referencen.参考；查阅；参考书目；推荐信单句语法填空（1）Thescientistreferredtothediscovery

themostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.（2）Whodoyouthinktheteacherisreferring

?（3）Writedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture

（refer）.（4）Youshouldreferthismatter

theheadofficeforadecision.toasreferenceto8.belongto属于;是……的一员eg:Thisbagbelongstohim.

Hebelongstothethirdgroup.belongto无被动，无进行belongingsn.财物eg:Thesehousesareherbelongings.1.Lionsbelong_________thecatfamily.2.Thetourists（游客）lostalltheir_________.(belong)tobelongings9.aswellas同(一样也);和;还eg:Hegrowsflowersaswellasvegetables.

他既种菜也种花。AaswellasB强调A，作主语时谓语动词的数与A保持一致(就前原则）。有类似用法的还有alongwith，togetherwith，ratherthan，with等1.Mike

hisfamilylikestowatch

movies.2.Amy,

herbrothers

isinChengdunow.

aswell

asaswellas10.defence（n.）防御indefenceof防卫inone'sdefence为某人辩护cometoone'sdefence出来保护某人defend...from/against...保护……免受……eg.soldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry为保卫祖国而献身的战士Thearea’sflooddefencesareunderrepair.该地区的防洪工事正在修理中。练习：（1）Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefence

enemyattacks.（2）Tworescueworkerscametohis

（defend）whentheaccidenthappened.（3）Allthepolicemenhavebeentrainedtodefendthemselves

thesuddenattacks.against

defenceagainst/from11.Youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.adj.surrounding

①

Theteacher_______________________________(被孩子们包围着)②_____________

(surround)bylovelyChildren,theteacherworeasmileonherface.wassurroundedbylovelyChildren.

[Summary]surround…with….以….包围….besurroundedwith/by….被….包围….Surroundedn.surroundings

(复数)环境12evidencen.证据，证明搭配：Thereisevidencethat...有证据表明……giveevidence

（出庭）作证clear/strongevidence

明显的/充分的证据medical/scientificevidence

医学/科学证据Atpresentwehavenoevidenceoflifeonotherplanets.目前我们还没发现在其他行星上存在生命的证据。【词语积累】evidentadj.清楚的；显然的Itisevidentthat...很明显……练习：Enough

（evident）showsthatabalanced

diethelpstoavoidbeingoverweight.

Alltheevidence

（show）thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming

（be）damagingourhealth.evidenceshowsis13.achievementn.

成就；成绩；达到achievableadj.可达到的；可实现的

achievevt.实现；达到vi.成功achieveone’ssuccess/goal/dream取得成功/实现目标/实现梦想makeanachievement(indoingsth)(在某方面）取得成就one’sachievementin...某人在某方面的成就asenseofachievement成就感Ittakeshardwork

(achieve)thefinalsuccess.Chinasentupsixmannedspaceshipsandtheywerealsogreatscientific

(achieve)intheworld.toachieveachievements14locationn.地方；地点；位置【词语积累】（1）locatevt.坐落于；位于；找出……的位置locateBerlinonthemap在地图上找出柏林的位置（2）locatedadj.处于；位于；坐落在belocatedin=besituatedin=liein位于

（locate）wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad，JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.MountHuang______________________（位于）AnhuiProvince.Locatedislocatedin15battlen.&v.（1）n.战役；搏斗along/lengthybattle

旷日持久的斗争 atough/hardbattle

艰难的斗争fighta...battle

打……的仗 win/loseabattle

打赢/输掉一场仗acceptthebattle应战（2）vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗Themountainclimbershadtobattle

againstgreatdifficulties.登山队员不得不与艰难险阻搏斗。Theybattledforfreedom.他们为自由而战。battleagainst与......战斗battlefor为......而战斗例如：她曾经与癌症抗争。Shehadbattledagainstcancer.16keepyoureyesopen（for）留心；留意Keepyoureyesopenforaboyinaredcapandsweater.留意一下一个戴着红色帽子、穿着红色毛衣的男孩。keep短语：keepitup坚持干，继续苦干 keepup保持；继续keepupwith跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系keepback阻止；隐瞒 keepaway（from）避免接近（……）keepsb.fromdoing...阻止某人做…… keepoff使……不接近keepon继续keepfit保持健康keepone'spromise履行诺言keepintouchwith和......保持联系如果留意观察，你可以了解很多。Ifyou

，youcanlearnagreatdeal.我知道这不容易，但要坚持下去！别放弃！Iknowit’shard，but

!Don’tgiveup!我感觉他隐瞒着某件事。Igotthefeelinghewas

.许多人跟不上技术的发展。Manypeoplecannot

thedevelopmentoftechnologykeepitupkeepyoureyesopenkeepingsomethingbackkeepupwith01

freeofcharge

17.chargevt.充电；收费，控告

n.收费；指控；主管免费02

inchargeof03

takechargeof0405chargesbforsth负责；主管(介词词组)负责；主管(动词词组)由…负责；主管因…收某人的费用inthechargeof

06chargesbwithsth

指控某人某事18.ThemanagerannouncedatthemeetingthatTomwasfired.announceVt.宣布；通知；声称announcesthtosb

向某人宣告某事Itisannouncedthat...据宣布......announcementn.通告；宣告makeanannouncement宣布announcern.播音员(1)Itiswisetoannouncethenews

thepublic.(2)The

madean

thatallofthedetailsshould

throughthebroadcast.(announce)(3)It

(announce)thatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidentsbepermittedtoreturntotheirhomes.toannouncerannouncementbeannouncedisannounced19.approach（v.）接近（n.）接近theapproachof......的来临注意：theapproachtodoingsththewaytodo/ofdoingsththemeansofdoingsththemethodof/fordoingsth做某事的方法Withthecollegeentranceexamination

(approach),somestudentsaregettingmoreandmorenervous.

Thetyphoon(approach)toHongKong.approachingapproaching20.ensurevt.保证；确保；担保（=makesure）单句语法填空（1）Ican’t

（sure）thathewillbethereontime.完成句子（2）Please

（确保）allthewindowsareclosed.Thestormisapproaching.（3）Thepolice’sdutyisto

（确保……的安全）citizens.ensuremakesureensurethesafetyof21generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的begeneroustosb对某人慷慨Itisgenerousofsbtodosth某人做某事是大方的generosity（n.）慷慨，大方generously（adv.）慷慨地，大方地反义词：mean小气的

（你真慷慨）toshareyourfoodwithme，Jack.Thevolunteersareverygenerous

thekids.Itisgenerousofyouto22positionn.位置；姿态；职位；处境，状况in/outofposition在/不在适当的位置上put/placesbinagoodposition使某人处于有利的位置注意：当position，situation，point，case，stage等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where引导。Theyarenowinabetterpositionwheretheycanbeverysuccessfulthisyear.他们现在处于一个较好的境况中，今年他们可能会很成功。23.eageradj.热切的;渴望的 beeagerfor...急于得到……beeagertodosth渴望做某事eg:①Sheiseagerformoney.

②Sheiseagertotravel.Shewaseagerto

learn(learn)morewords.

24.haveaninfluence/effect/impactonsb对某人有影响翻译：计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。Thecomputer