2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练(22)(含解析)

2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提高选练（22）李仕才ADoctorsinhospitalemergencyroomsoftenseeaccidentalpoisonings.Afrightenedparentarriveswithachildwhoswallowedacleaningliquid.Orperhapstheharmfulsubstanceisamedicine.Oritmightbeachemicalproductmeanttokillinsects.Thesearecommoncausesofaccidentalpoisoning.Incaseslikethis,seekmedicalhelpassoonaspossible.Savethecontainerofwhatevercausedthepoisoning.Andlookonthecontainerforinformationaboutanythingthatstopstheeffectsofthepoison.Saveanythingexpelledfromthemouthofthevictim.Thatway,doctorscanexamineit.Millionsofpeopleknowawaytosaveapersonwhoischokingonsomethingtrappedinthethroat.ThemethodiscommonlyknownastheHeimlichManeuverorabdominalthrusts(腹部按压),whichyoucandobygettingdirectlybehindasittingorstandingperson.Putyourarmsaroundthevictim’swaist.Closeonehandtoformaball.Placeitovertheupperpartofthestomach,belowtheribs.Placetheotherhandontop.Thenpushforcefullyinwardandupward.Repeattheabdominalthrustsuntiltheobjectisexpelledfromthemouth.Forsomeonewhoispregnantorveryfat,placeyourhandsalittlehigherthanwithnormalabdominalthrusts.RedCrossexpertssaytakingthesestepscansavemanylives.Buttheyalsowarnthatabdominalthrustsarenotforpeoplewhohavealmostdrowned.Theysayuseofthemethodcoulddelayotherwaystore-startbreathinginthevictim.Abdominalthrustsshouldbeusedonlyincaseswhereanear-drowningvictimischokingonanobject.Tolearnmoreaboutfirstaid,askahospitalororganizationlikeaRedCrossorRedCrescentSocietyforinformation.Theremaybetrainingclassesofferedinyourarea.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTthecommoncauseofaccidentalpoisonings?AharmfulmedicineAcleaningliquidC.PoisonousinsectsD.Dangerouspesticide(杀虫剂)2.Theunderlinedword“expelled”inparagraph2canbereplacedby“_________”.A.comingoutB.takingupC.goingawayD.gettingdownWhyabdominalthrustsarenotforpeoplewhohavealmostdrowned?BecausepeopleareunwillingtoattemptrescueeffortsBecauseitishardtoperformBecauseitisnoneedtodosoBecauseitcouldholdupotherwaystore-startbreathinginthevictimWhatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?TopromotemedicalresearchTosharesomeknowledgeaboutfirstaidToshowhowtoperformabdominalthrustsC.Tohelppeopledealwithaccidentalpoisoning【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了不测中毒的主要原由及抢救方法。1.C【分析】细节理解题。依据第一段的介绍可知，有害的药物、洁净剂及杀虫剂都是不测中毒的主要原由，而没有提到有毒的昆虫。3.D【分析】细节理解题。依据倒数第二段中的“Theysayuseofthemethodcoulddelayotherwaystore-startbreathinginthevictim.”可知，腹部按压不合适溺水者是因为它会延缓受害者以其余的方式从头开始呼吸。4.B【分析】文章企图题。依据最后一段中的“Tolearnmoreaboutfirstaid,askahospitalororganizationlikeaRedCrossorRedCrescentSocietyforinformation.”可知，这篇文章的目的是促使对于抢救知识的医学研究。B22(2015·呼和浩特调研)Wedon’talwaysgetasecondchancetoachieveourdreams.Butsomepeoplearelucky，likeMatthewMcConaughey.Oncealmostunknown，theactorhasrecentlyfoundhimselfbackonthelistofthebestactorsinHollywood.HisnewmovieInterstellarisjustanothersignthathiscareerreinventionhasbeenanincrediblesuccess.“ThefilmreliesonMcConaughey’sperformancetoholdtogethertheemotionalstoryofafatherandhisdaughteragainstthebackgroundofspacetravelattheendoftheworld，”Forbescommented.Butonlyyearsago，theTexasnativewasoftenthebuttofjokes(笑柄)aboutbeingtoohandsome.In1993，aftermeetingwithdirectorRichardLinklater，McConaugheystarredinDazedandConfused.AndaHollywoodcareerwasborn，mostlyinromanticcomedies.Foralongtime，thewholeworldbelievedMcConaugheywasjustahandsomeguywithcomictalent.ButMcConaugheystoppedstarringinthattypeofmovie，andbegantousehislooksdifferently.Slowlyhebuiltuphisreputationasaseriousactor.In2013，McConaugheywasofferedtoplayanAIDSactivistinDallasBuyersClub.Therolesawthenormallymuscularactorlosing50poundsinordertoappearsick.HisperformancewonhimanOscarforBestActor.TheactorgavethankstosomeonehehasalwayslookeduptoasaheroduringhisOscaracceptancespeech.Whenhewas15，theactorsaid，hedecidedthathisherowouldbehimselfin10years.But10yearslater，hepushedthedeadlineaheadanotherdecade.Then10yearslater，anotherdecade.“Myhero’salways10yearsaway，”hesaid.“I’mnevergoingtoattainthat.Thatkeepsmewithsomebodytokeeponchasing.”Orperhapsconstantlychasingthechancetobehisownherohasgivenhimasecondchancetopursuehisdreams.【解题导语】本文是一篇人物介绍，主要叙述了演员McConaughey因不知足自己所获得3的成绩，不停挑战自我，努力向前，最后成为有名好莱坞的有名演员，成就了自己梦想的故事。1．WhywasMcConaugheyoftenthebuttofjokesinhisearlycareer?A．Hewaslimitedtohandsomeroles.B．Hewasunknowntotheaudience.C．Heplayedinromanticcomedies.D．Hewashandsomeandemotional.分析：选A。细节理解题。依据第二段中的“theTexasnativewasoftenthebuttofjokes(笑柄)aboutbeingtoohandsome...thewholeworldbelievedMcConaugheywasjustahandsomeguywithcomictalent”可知，因长相英俊而限制于他饰演的潇洒英俊的角色而被看作笑柄。故A项正确。2．WhatrolewonMcConaugheyanOscarforBestActor?A．Acaringfather.B．AnAIDSactivist.C．Aseriousbuyer.D．Astronghero.分析：选B。细节理解题。依据第三段中的“In2013，McConaugheywasofferedtoplayanAIDSactivist...HisperformancewonhimanOscarforBestActor.”可知，B项正确。3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMcConaughey?A．HewasborninHollywood.B．Hehasbecomeaheroofhisown.C．Hewasn’tfamousuntilrecently.D．Heisn’tcontentwithhisachievements.分析：选D。推理判断题。依据最后一段中的“hedecidedthathisherowouldbehimselfin10years...Then10yearslater，anotherdecade.”可清除B项；依据第一段中的“Oncealmostunknown，theactorhasrecentlyfoundhimselfbackonthelistofthebestactors44inHollywood.”可知，他以前有名过，清除C项；依据最后一段中的“I’mnevergoingtoattainthat.Thatkeepsmewithsomebodytokeeponchasing.”可知因为不知足于现状，他不停追赶梦想；选项A全文并未波及。故D项正确。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．McConaughey，aRomanticComedianB．McConaughey，aManMakingaHitC．McConaughey，aManDaringtoChangeD．McConaughey，HandsomeandTalented分析：选C。标题概括题。纵观全文可知，文章主要叙述了有名演员McConaughey永不满足于现状，不停挑战自我的事情。故C项正确。CToday,ultrasonic(超声的)wavesarebeingputtoworkinlaboratoriesandfactories.Ifanultrasoundgeneratorisplacedinaliquid,thewavesmovetheliquidbackandforthhundredsofthousandsoftimeseachsecond.Thiscausesmaterialstomixquicklyortodissolve(使分解，使溶解)inliquids.Paintmanufacturers(制造商)useultrasoundtodoabetterjobofblendingcolors.Thecompaniesthatmakefilmforyourcamerafindthatmixingchemicalsbytheuseofsoundwaveswillproduceamoresensitivefilm.Thenewlightweight(轻量的)typeofwashingmachineusesultrasonicwavestogetclothesclean.Itsspecialultrasoundgeneratorisputintoapailofsoapywatercontainingthesoiledclothes.Thesoundwavesdrivethesoapywaterbackandforththroughtheclothsofastthateverythingissoonclean.Thereisalsoanewkindofdishwasherthatworksinmuchthesameway.Ultrasonicwavescanshakealiquidsofastthattinyholesformallthroughit.Theliquidisactuallytornapartbythisaction.Almostassoonastheseholesaremade,industrythisisusedforthedoublepurposeofmakinghomogenized(使平均，使匀质)milkandsterilizing(使无菌)itatthesametime.Ifyoulookatsomerawmilkwith5amicroscope,youfindthatitismadeupoflittledropsofbutterfatfloatingaroundinawateryliquid.Inordertomakemilkeasiertodigest,thesefatdroplets(微粒)maybebrokenupbyforcingthemilkthroughverysmallopenings.Theresultiscalledhomogenizedmilk.Whentheultrasonicmethodisused,thesoundwavesnotonlybreakupthedropletsbutalsokillthegermsinthemilkbypoundingthemtopieces.()1.Whydoesapaintmanufactureruseultrasoundtodoabetterjobofblendingcolors?A.Becauseitischeaptouseultrasoundtoblendcolors.B.Becausethewavesmovetheliquidsoquicklythatitcanmakematerialsmixquicklyordissolveinliquids.C.Becausetheycanmixchemicalsbytheuseofsoundwaves.D.Becausethewavescancleanthepaint.2.Whatpropertiesdoesultrasoundwavehave?A.Homogenizesandsterilizesthemilk.B.Mixmaterialsandbreakdroplets.C.Killgermsandsterilizemilk.D.Moveliquidsquickly.3.Whatexistsintherawmilk?A.Littledropsofbutterfat.B.Smallholes.C.Fatdropletsandgerms.D.Chemicals.4.Whereisultrasoundwavenotused?A.Inthepaintmanufacture.B.Intheshopmixingbreadflour.C.Inthefilm-makingcompany.D.Inthedairyindustry.1.B事实细节题。依据其上句Thiscausesmaterialstomixquicklyortodissolve(使分解，使溶解)inliquids可知，答案选B。2.D事实细节题。依据文章最后一段的第1句Ultrasonicwavescanshakealiquidsofastthattinyholesformallthroughit可知，答案选D。3.C事实细节题。依据文章最后一段的内容，特别是最后一句Whentheultrasonicmethodisused,thesoundwavesnotonlybreakupthedropletsbutalsokillthegermsinthemilkbypoundingthemtopieces可知，答案选C4.B推理判断题。依据文章第1段最后提到的Paintmanufacturers(制造商)以及The66companiesthatmakefilm两句清除选项A、C，依据第3段第5句的Inthedairyindustrythisisusedfor清除选项D，进而得出答案是B。D(2015·银川质量检测)InSeptemberof2013，residentsTechLibrary.Itisoneofthefirstperhapsitwillleadthewayfor

ofBexarCountycelebratedtheopeningoftheBibliolibrariesinAmericatogocompletelydigitalandotherstofollow.Tocheckoutabookinthisdigitallibrary，userslinktheirlibrarycardtothe3MCloudLibraryApp.Thentheycanlookthroughthelibrarycatalogueandcheckoutatotaloffivebooksatanygiventime.Whenthebooksaredue，theyareautomaticallyremovedfromthee-reader.BiblioTechoffersfreetablets，laptopsandcomputerswhichcanbeusedwithinthelibrary.Italsooffersstudyroomsandloungeareaswherepeoplecanworktogetherandotherlibrariesarealsoinonthetrend.Despitethemovetowardsdigital，theBiblioTechLibraryiscurrentlytheonlydigitallibraryinthenation.However，thebooklesslibraryhasbeenattemptedbefore.Sadly，thischangeprovedtothelibrarybeganprovidingmaterialsfromthelibrarymembers.

befartooaheadofitstime.Withinafewyears，alongwiththedigitalmaterialsduetorequestsLibrariesareinthemiddleofagreatchange.Justadecadeago，themainfocuswastolendmaterialstothepublic，butrecentlytheyhavebeenplacingmoreemphasisonprogramstohelpandeducatethecommunity.Alibraryisnolongersimplyaplacetocheckoutbooks.Digitallibrariesarethefuture.Inthenext100yearsorso，booksinprintmaybecompletelyreplacedbytheirdigitalcompetitors.Whilethesecanbemoreconvenientforlibrariesandlibrarymembers，Iamstillgoingtobefondofbooksinprint.Iwillmissthesmellofthepaper，becausethosearethingsIgrewtoloveaboutreadings.7【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。2013年9月，美国Bexar县的居民庆贺第一家Biblio科技图书室的建立。文章经过Biblio科技图书室建立这件事，向我们介绍了与传统图书室相比，电子图书室的优势及将来图书室的发展方向。1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A．TheopeningoftheBiblioTechLibrary.B．TheimprovementoftheBiblioTechLibrary.C．TheimportanceoftheBiblioTechLibrary.D．TheintroductionoftheBiblioTechLibrary.分析：选D。段落粗心题。通读第一段可知，本段主要经过Biblio科技图书室建立这件事，向读者介绍了一种新式的电子图书室及这类图书室的使用方法。故答案选D。2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutlibrariesfromthetext?A．Thefunctionexpands.B．Theincomeincreases.C．Thedevelopmentslowsdown.D．Thebusinessdeclines.分析：选A。推理判断题。依据第三段“Librariesareinthemiddleofagreatchange...Alibraryisnolongersimplyaplacetocheckoutbooks.”可推知，图书室的功能增添了。故答案选A。3．Thewriterseemstobeapersonwho________.A．iscrazyaboute-readersB．worksinalibraryC．missestheolddaysD．ishopelessaboutthefuture分析：选C。细节理解题。依据最后一段最后两句“...Iamstillgoingtobefondofbooksinprint.Iwillmissthesmellofthepaper，becausethosearethingsIgrewtoloveaboutreadings.”可知，作者仍喜爱阅读纸质图书，会纸质图书的滋味，也正88是因为它们作者才爱上了阅读。由此可知，作者是个怀旧的人。故答案选C。EChildrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee(裁判)andseldomtroubletokeepscores.Theydon’tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorloses,anditdoesn’tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirpersonalabilitiescannotbedirectlycompared.Theyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstages,inwhicheachstage,thechoosingofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitself.Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren’sgamesexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegamesagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinarilyafraid.Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.Hecanbeconfident,too,inparticulargames,thatitish