高考英语一轮复习专题01Culturalrelics(教学案)

专题01Culturalrelics【考纲解读】认识世界文化遗产，从而激发学生的文化遗产保护意识。2.在已有知识的基础上论述自己对文化遗产和保护文化遗产的看法，从而能够进一步提升学生听、说、读、写综合素质能力。【高频单词】1．rare(adj.)罕见的；罕有的；宝贵的→rarely(adv.)罕有；极少；不常2．amaze(vt.)使惊讶；惊讶→amazing(adj.)令人惊讶的→amazed(adj.)惊讶的→amazement(n.)诧异3．select(vt.)精选；选择→selection(.)选择；选拔n4．design(.)设计；图案；构想(vt.)设计；计划；构想→designer(.)设计者；构想者nn5．survive(v.)幸免(于)；幸存；比活得长；生还→survival(n.)生计；幸存→survivor(n.)幸存者6．fancy(adj.)奇异的；异常的(vt.)想象；假想；喜好7．decorate(v.)装饰；装饰→decoration(n.)装饰品；装饰8．reception(n.)招待；款待会；接收→receive(vt.)接受；招待；款待→receiver(n.)(电话)听筒/受话器9．remove(vt.)挪动；搬开→removal(n.)挪动；搬进10．wooden(adj.)木制的→wood(n.)木头11．doubt(n.)思疑；迷惑(vt.)思疑；不信→doubtful(adj.)思疑的12．former(adj.)以前的；以前的→(反义词)latter(adj.)后者的；后边的13．worth(adj.)值得的；相当于的价值(n.)价值；作用14．local(adj.)当地的；当地的15．evidence(n.)依据；凭证→evident(adj.)明显的；清楚的16．explode(vi.)爆炸→explosion(n.)爆炸17．sailor(n.)水手；船员；船员→sail(v.)(船)航行；(人)坐船航行(n.)航行；航海18．sink(vi.)下沉；沉下→sank/sunk(过去式)sunk/sunken(过去分词)19．valuable(adj.)名贵的；有价值的→value(n.&vt.)价值；重视→invaluable(adj.)极实用的；极可贵的20．informal(adj.)非正式的→formal(反义词)正式的21．debate(n.)争辩；争辩(vi.)争辩；争辩【要点短语】1．belong_to属于2．in_return作为报恩；回报3．at_war处于开战状态4．take_apart打开5．rather_than而不是6．in_search_of找寻7．serve_as充任；起作用8．less_than

少于9．think/speak_highly_of

看重；器重10．develop_an_interest_in...

培育对的兴趣【热门句型】1．couldnot/neverhavedone

“(过去

)不行能做”FrederickWilliamⅠ，theKingofPrussia,could_never_have_imagined(

绝不行能想到

)thathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.2．Thisis/wasatimewhen...

“这是一个的时期

/时候”This_was_a_time_when(

这是一个的时期

)thetwocountrieswereatwar.3．Thereisnodoubtthat...

“毫无疑问”There_is_no_doubt_that(毫无疑问)theboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.4．what指引名词性从句Afterthat,what_happened(所发生的全部)totheAmberRoomremainsamystery.5．疑问词＋不定式Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhich_eyewitnesses_to_believeand_which_not_to_believe(哪些证人可信，哪些不行信).(教材P5)6．nor位于句首惹起的部分倒装句型Nor_do_I_think(我也不以为)theyshouldgiveittoanygovernment.高频考点一、单词例1、survivevt.比活得长；幸免于；从(窘境等中)挺过来vi.幸免；幸存；生还Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime？(P1)不过存在的时间长就足够了吗？【概括拓展】(1)AsurvivesB(by...)A比B多活survivesth.幸免于；从中挺过来/活过来surviveon依赖生计下来survivefrom从存活下来；流传下来(2)survivorn．幸存者survivaln．[U]幸存；[C]残余物【名师点睛】survive当表示“幸存；幸免于”时，不需要加in或from。【语境助记】Thereareconcernsthattherefugeesmaynotsurvive_the_winter.有人担忧这些难民活可是冬季。Hediedin1940,buthiswifesurvived_him_byanother20years.他在1940年逝世，但他的老婆比他多活了20年。Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurvive_onyoursmallsalary.我不知道你们只靠菲薄的薪金是如何过活的。Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransport.他独一活下去的可能性是心脏移植。Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewerenosurvivors.飞机坠落在一个森林茂盛的地域，无人生还。例2、designn．&vt.设计；图案；构想；计划Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.(P1)琥珀屋的设计采纳了当时很流行的奇异建筑式样。【概括拓展】(1)designsb./sth.to_dosth.打算让从事designsth.forsb./sth.为设计3bedesignedforsth./sb.

为而设计bedesignedto_dosth.

目的在于；为了bedesignedas

打当作用(2)bydesign

＝onpurpose

存心地；成心地(3)designer

n．设计者；构想者【语境助记】Thisfundis_designed_to_helpworthystudents.这笔资本旨在帮助优异的学生。Themethodisspecificallydesigned_foruseinsmallgroups.这方法是专为小组活动设计的。Shearrivedjustaswewereleaving,butwhetherthiswasbyaccidentorby_designI'mnotsure.她恰幸亏我们正要走开时抵达，但我不可以必定这是出于有时仍是存心安排。Hewantstobecomeafashiondesignerwhenhegrowsup.长大后他想成为一个时装设计师。【联想】表示“成心与有时”的词语小结。(1)成心地①bydesign

②onpurpose

③deliberately(2)有时地①bychance

②byaccident

③accidentally例3、fancyadj.奇异的；异常的Thedesignoftheroomwasinthe

vt.想象；假想；喜好n．幻想；想象；喜好fancystylepopularinthosedays.(P1)琥珀屋的设计采纳了当时很流行的奇异建筑式样。【概括拓展】fancy...tobe/as...

以为是fancy(sb.)doingsth.

想象(某人)做某事haveafancyforsth.

喜爱某事物catch/takesb.'sfancy

合某人的情意；吸引某人takeafancytosb./sth.

喜爱上

/爱上某人

/物【语境助记】Doyoufancygoing_outthisevening?今夜你想不想出门？②Canyoufancya8-year-oldboyswimming_acrosstheriver?你能想象一个8岁的男孩游过这条河吗？Shelookedthroughthehoteladvertisementsuntiloneofthemcaught_her_fancy.她认真查察旅店广告，直到有一家切合她的情意。IthinkSamreallytook_a_fancy_toyou.我想萨姆真地爱上了你。[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancy_new_hotels.成都有很多新的百万富豪，亚洲最大的建筑和漂亮的新旅馆。例4、removevt.挪动；搬开...theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.(P2)俄罗斯人只好把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术品搬走。【概括拓展】removesth.fromsp.把某物从某地搬走(移开)removesb.fromsth.把某人从职位撤职removefrom...to...从搬到removesb.fromschool开除某人；迫令某人休学removeone'sdoubt/trouble除去某人的疑虑/烦忧【语境助记】Threechildrenwereremoved_fromtheschoolforpersistentbadbehaviour.三个孩子因再三行为不检被学校开除。Sheremoved_her_glassesandrubbedhereyes.她摘下眼镜，揉了揉眼睛。Thenewsremoved_any/all_doubtsaboutthecompany'sfuture.这个信息除去了全部有关企业远景的疑虑。④写出以下句子中remove的含义a．Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnotnotice.拿走b．Heremovedhisjacketwhenhearrivedhome.脱掉c．Hewasseverelycriticizedandremovedfromhispost.革职d．Theagreementremovesthelastseriousobstacletothesigningofthetreaty.除去e．CongresscouldremovethePresidentfromoffice.把撤职；撤去例5、worthadj.值得的；相当于的价值n．价值；作用IsitworthrebuildinglostculturalrelicssuchastheAmberRoomorYuanmingyuaninBeijing？(P2)重修失掉的文化遗产，如琥珀屋或北京的圆明园，能否值得？5【概括拓展】(1)be(well)worthdoing...(特别)值得做beworththemoney/aneffort/a_try值得花销/努力/一试beworthit值得一干；值得花精力(或时间)ofbeingdone(2)beworthy＋tobedone值得做＋of＋n＝beworth＋n值得(3)Itisworthwhileto_do/doingsth.值得做某事【名师点睛】worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。【语境助记】[2016·北京高考]．..whenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworth_taking.我们衡量利害，感觉值得冒一下风险。Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatareworth_every_effortweputintorecoveringthem.他们是真实的益鸟，值得我们为使它们痊愈而付出的每一份努力。Youmaynotsucceed,butitiswortha_try.你可能不会成功，但值得一试。Guilinisabeautifulplace.It'sworthwhile_going/to_gothere.桂林是个漂亮的地方，值得去看看。Thisarticleiswellworthreading,butitisnotworthyofbeing_translated.这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。高频考点二、短语例1、insearchof找寻；找寻；追求INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOM(P1)找寻琥珀屋【概括拓展】(1)inone'ssearchfor

找寻(2)searchsth./sb.

搜寻某物

/搜身searchfor＝lookfor找寻search...for...为找到而搜寻常有的“in＋名词＋of”短语有：in_memory_of为了纪念in_favour_of支持；赞成in_honour_of为了纪念；为向表示敬意in_need_of需要in_charge_of掌管；负责in_possession_of拥有【名师点睛】insearchof“找寻，找寻”，在句中常作表语或目的状语。名词search前不加限制词；若search前加a/the/one's等限制词时，of一般换成for。search作动词用时，search的宾语是指搜寻的范围，能够是人、物或地址；而找寻要找的人或物时，要加介词for。【语境助记】Iwentoffin_search_ofagasstationwhereIcouldbuysomepetrol.我走开去找寻加油站买汽油。Thepolicesearched_the_suspectbutfoundnoweaponsonhim.警方搜寻了嫌疑犯，但在他身上没找到武器。Isearchedthewholeroomfor_the_lost_key,_butinvain.我搜遍了整个房间来找寻丢掉的钥匙，可是白费。[一言辨异]Somepolicemenwere_searchingonerobberformoreevidence;othersweresearching_foranotherrobberandthelocalpeoplewerein_search_ofthethingstheyhadlost.有些警察为了找到更多的凭证正在搜寻此中一个打劫犯；此外一些警察正在找寻此外一个打劫犯；当地人正在找寻他们丢掉的东西。例2、belongto属于；为的一员However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.(P2)但是，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。【概括拓展】(1)belongto表示“属于”，不可以用于进行时态和被动语态，作后置定语时，常用此刻分词，有近似用法的短语还包含：datebackto/datefrom(追忆到)，consistof(由构成)等(2)belongvi.合适待在某处，放在某处，没有含被动意味的过去分词的用法(3)belongingsn．财富；全部物；有关事物【语境助记】Asweallknow,tigersandcatsbelong_tothesamefamilyofbeasts.尽人皆知，老虎和猫属于同一科的野兽。Alltheworkersbelonging_tothefactorymustobeytherule.这个工厂的全部职工一定恪守这个规定。[2016·浙江高考]Wehadtokeeptrackofour_belongings,_andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.7我们一定要亲密关注我们的财物，假如有东西丢掉的话，没法替代。例3、inreturn作为报恩；回报Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.(P2)作为回报，沙皇送给他一队自己最好的士兵。【概括拓展】(1)inreturn(forsth.)

作为(对的

)回报return...for...

以回报returnlikeforlike

以眼还眼(2)inturn挨次；反过来byturns轮番；时而时而【语境助记】Hewantedtodosomethingin_return_forthekindnessthatsheofferedhim.他想做点什么事来酬报她的好心。②Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthisin_turnaffectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.他花销大批时间学数学，这反过来影响了其他学科的进步。Theoryisbasedonpracticeandin_turnservespractice.理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。Thebookis,by_turns,_funnyandverysad.这部书时而妙不行言，时而悲悲戚戚。高频考点三、句型例1、FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,_could_never_ave_imaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.(P1)普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不行能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的重礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。【概括拓展】在句中couldhavedonesth.表示对过去状况的推测，意为“可能做过某事”。该构造还表示与过去事实相反的假定，意为“原来能够去做某事却没有做”。有近似用法的构造还有：musthavedonesth.必定做过某事mighthavedonesth.过去可能做过某事；本可能做某事shouldhavedonesth.过去应当做过某事；本应当做某事needn'thavedonesth.

本没必需做某事oughttohavedonesth.

本该做某事wouldhavedone原来要做某事【语境助记】Hecan't_have_sleptwellthroughallthatnoise.他不行能在那种闹哄哄的环境里睡好觉。Youcould_have_done_better,_butyouweretoocareless.你本能够做得更好，但你太马虎了。③—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?Youcould_have_stayedwithBarbara.——在纽约时我住在一家旅店里。——噢，是吗？你原来能够和芭芭拉住在一同的。④—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—Thenyoumust_have_visitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,didn'tyou?——昨年夏季我在伦敦待了两周。——那么在此时期你必定观光过大英博物馆了，是吗？⑤Ineedn't_have_worriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.在来新学校前我本没有必需担忧，由于这儿的同学对我很友善。例2、There_is_no_doubt_thattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.(P2)毫无疑问，这些箱子以后被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。【概括拓展】(1)Thereisnodoubtthat...为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，that后边的从句为同位语从句，说明doubt的内容。doubt常有搭配：①Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问about/of...②Thereissomedoubtwhether...有疑问③Idon't/neverdoubtthat...我确信④Idoubtwhether/if...我思疑⑤without/beyonddoubt无疑地；必然(2)近似的句型构造有：doingsth.做某事没存心义noneedtodosth.没有必需做某事Thereis＋a/nopossibilitythat...有/没有可能achancethat...有可能nohurrytodosth.不急于做某事Itisnouse/nogood/noneeddoingsth.做某事没实用途/利处/必需9Itisnowonderthat...(

＝Nowonderthat...)

难怪；怪不得【名师点睛】当名词

doubt

用在否认句中时，后边接

that

指引的同位语从句；用在必定句中时，后边接

whether指引的同位语从句。注意此时不可以够用

if

替代

whether

。及物动词

doubt

后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否认句和疑问句中，

doubt

后边接

that

指引的宾语从句；在必定句中，

doubt

后边一般接

whether

或

if

指引的宾语从句。【语境助记】①There_is_no_doubt

thatMichaelJordandeservesthetitle

“outstandingplayerofhisgeneration

”．毫无疑问，迈克尔·乔丹无愧于“一代优异球员”的称呼。There_is_some_doubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.他能否胜任这项工作还有一些疑问。Ihaveno_doubt_thatyou'llsucceed.我相信你必定能成功。Youcancomplain,butIdoubt_if/whetheritwillmakeanydifference.你能够诉苦，但我思疑诉苦能否会有任何影响。Inever_doubted_thatshewouldcome.我从未思疑过她会来。There_is_a_possibility_thatthecompanywillsufferagreatlossthismonth.这家企业本月很可能遭到巨大损失。There_is_no_point_(in)arguingwithhimaboutit.与他争辩这事没有任何意义。Thereisno_need_to_putthemeetingaheadbecausewestillhavethreeweeksbeforetheendoftheterm.离这学期结束还有三周时间，所以我们没有必需提早开会。例3、Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhich_eyewitnesses_to_elieveandwhich_not_to_believe.(P5)在审讯中，法官一定判定哪些证人可信，哪些不行信。【概括拓展】“疑问词＋不定式”构造可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。在“疑问词＋不定式”构造中，不定式一定用主动式而不可以用被动式。(2)why后加不定式时，不定式省略符号to。(3)whether后可接不定式，而if不行。【名师点睛】疑问代词(who,which除外)后边须跟及物动词；假如不及物动词，后边须跟相应的介词。疑问副词后可以接不及物动词；若接及物动词，动词不定式须有自己的宾语。【语境助记】Fromtheteacher'spointofview,childrenshouldbelefttodecidewhat_to_read_and_how_to_read.从教师的看法来看，应当由孩子来决定读什么和怎么读。When_and_where_to_go_on_an_outinghasn'tbeendecided.何时何地去郊游还没有决定。Idon'tknowhow_to_doitnext.我不知道下一步该怎么办。Today'sEnglishlearnershaveawidechoiceofdictionariesfrom_which_to_choose.此刻，英语学习者有各种各种的字典可供选择。Why_not_discoverwhatyouenjoyanddothat?为何不去发现你喜爱做的而后去做呢？高频考点四语法限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1）定语从句的种类定语从句依据其与主句关系的亲密程度能够分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句两种。2）定语从句的定义1．限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词在乎义上不行缺乏的定语，用于修饰和限制先行词。假如去掉，主句的意思就不完好或失掉意义。书写时不用逗号与主句分开。ThisistheMP4that/whichIboughtformydaughteryesterday.这是我昨天为女儿买的MP4。Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.这座古老的城镇街道狭小，小房屋挨得很近。2．非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分亲密，它不过对先行词或主句作附带或增补性的说明，不起限制作用，假如去掉，主句的意思仍旧清楚完好。在这种定语从句中，先行词与定语从句常常由逗号分开。非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不行省略。Hepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedhisparents.他经过了考试，这使他的父亲母亲很惊讶。112018·北京卷】阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn

’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas

＂notathletic

＂.TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldnupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

’tevenfindthefinishline.IwokeShortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(readjust.NotthestartIwanted!

鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoAtmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!mindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determined

tobe

myself,moveforward,freeof

shameandworldly

labels(

世俗标签

),

Ican

nowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner

＂.

marathon,torunmention

thethe

author____________.B.his

feltD.7th

scaredlosthopeyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.【答案】36.C37.C38.A39.B【分析】本文为一篇记述文。叙述了自己第一次赛马拉松，依赖自己的意志力成功跑完好程的励志故事。38.细节理解题。依据文章第10段Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.可知，作者坚持到了最后，并且获得了一块奖牌，固然不是第一名，因而可知他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。39.要旨粗心题。通读全文可知，作者在叙述自己赛马拉松的经历，再依据最后一段Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。应选B。BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplace13tobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExploration

agreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpacebadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof＂downed＂pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,.40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.【答案】42.B【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航中心培训项目的有关信息，包含训练内容、受训者参加的条件和好处等。42.细节理解题。依据文章第四段Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.可知，关于受训者来说，团队合作是要点，故团队精神是最重要的，应选B。CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.Theirfindingswerepublished15inCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【答案】【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染供给了新的门路。44.细节理解题。依据文章第四段Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原由，查明这种酶根源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的仍是它肠道里的微生物产生的。应选B。45.推理判断题。依据文章最后一段Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂能够推测出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质未来能在工业生产中使用，而不是不过依赖蠕虫来分解塑料。应选D。46.写作企图题。依据文章第一段最后一句Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再依据最后一段最后一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推行到工业中。由此能够推知写作企图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。应选C。DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’t17leadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设备)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与保护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobsAsfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthorA.Safety.C.Affordability.

’smajorconcern?Sideeffects.D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.【答案】50.B【分析】本文为谈论文。文章主要谈论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展远景和面对的问题。推理判断题。依据文章第一段Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.可知，不论花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不论是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再依据文章最后一句话Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，应选D。49.词义猜想题。依据第四段Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与保护问题).可知，基于自主驾驶的花费以及责任19和保护问题，无人驾驶车几乎能够必定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。

A.Employed被应用；

B.Replaced

被代替；

C.Shared

被分享；

D.Reduced

被减少。应选

A。【2017·江苏卷】完形填空(共20小题；每题1分，满分20分)请阅读下边短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。ForalongtimeGabrieldidn’twanttobeinvolvedinmusicatall.Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,__36__acrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases,__37__atschoolforpracticehours__38__anyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselfto__39__music,ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.__40___,one

day,inthemusicclassthatwas__41__ofhisschool

’sstandardcurriculum,hewasplayingidly(任意地)onthepianoandfoundit____42___topickouttunes.Withasinkingfeeling,herealizedthatheactually__43__doingit.Hetriedtohidehis__44__pleasurefromthemusicteacher,whohad__45__overtolisten.Hemightnothavedonethisparticularlywell,__46__theteachertoldGabrielthathehadagood___47__andsuggestedthatGabrielgointothemusicstore-roomtoseeifanyoftheinstrumentsthere__48__him.Therehedecidedtogivethecello(大提琴)a__49__.Whenhebeganpracticing,hetookitvery__50__.Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwas__51__topracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell