哈尔滨市城区公立幼儿园体育活动的发展对策研究

哈尔滨市城区公立幼儿园体育活动的发展对策研究摘要：

城市幼儿园体育活动是幼儿园教育体系中不可或缺的一部分，对于孩子的身体素质、意志品质、团队合作能力等方面的培养都有着十分重要的作用。然而，在哈尔滨市的城市幼儿园中，往往存在体育设施不足、教师专业水平不高、家长和学校缺少有效联系等问题。

本论文主要探讨哈尔滨市城区公立幼儿园体育活动的现状及其发展对策。通过对哈尔滨市城市幼儿园教育体系中体育活动的现状进行分析、调查和研究，总结出根本问题所在，在此基础之上，提出有效的发展对策。

该文首先介绍了现实问题所在及其原因分析，其次提出了幼儿园体育活动的目标，进而给出了适合幼儿园的健康教育项目，并探讨了合适的体育器材购置标准和相关教师的培训计划，最后提出管理和监管机制，以及家长和学校之间的紧密联系等对策，为哈尔滨市城区公立幼儿园体育活动的未来发展提供了指导和建设性意见。

关键词：哈尔滨市；城区；公立幼儿园；体育活动；发展对策

Abstract:

Physicalactivityisanintegralpartoftheeducationsysteminurbankindergartensandplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofchildren'sphysicalfitness,willpower,teamworkandotherqualities.However,inurbankindergartensinHarbin,thereareoftenproblemsofinsufficientsportsfacilities,lowlevelsofteacherprofessionalism,andlackofeffectivecommunicationbetweenparentsandschools.

ThispapermainlyexploresthecurrentsituationanddevelopmentstrategiesofphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCity.Throughanalysis,investigationandresearchofthecurrentsituationofphysicalactivityintheurbankindergarteneducationsysteminHarbin,wehavesummarizedthefundamentalproblemsandproposedeffectivedevelopmentstrategies.

Thispaperfirstintroducestheactualproblemsandtheirreasons,thenproposesthegoalofkindergartenphysicalactivity,andgivessuitablehealtheducationprojectsforkindergartens,exploresappropriatestandardsforpurchasingsportsequipmentandrelatedteachertrainingplans.Finally,thepapersuggestsmanagementandsupervisionmechanisms,andproposesclosecontactsbetweenparentsandschoolsaswellasothermeasures,providingguidanceandconstructivesuggestionsforthefuturedevelopmentofphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCity.

Keywords:HarbinCity;urbanarea;publickindergartens;physicalactivity;developmentstrategie。Introduction

Physicalactivityplaysacrucialroleinpromotingthehealthygrowthanddevelopmentofyoungchildren.Itimprovestheirphysicalfitness,cognitiveabilities,emotionalwell-being,andsocialskills(NCCOR,2011).However,withtherapidurbanizationprocessandthechangesinlivingandworkingpatterns,manychildrenspendlesstimeengaginginphysicalactivityandmoretimeinsedentaryactivities,suchaswatchingtelevisionandplayingcomputergames(WHO,2018).Therefore,itiscrucialtopromotephysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartenstoimprovethehealthandwell-beingofchildren.

ThispaperaimstoexplorethecurrentstatusofphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCity,China,andproposedevelopmentstrategiestopromotephysicalactivityinthesekindergartens.

CurrentStatusofPhysicalActivityinPublicUrbanKindergartensinHarbinCity

HarbinCityislocatedinthenortheasternpartofChina,withapopulationofmorethan10million.Accordingtothe2019StatisticalYearbookofEducationinHarbinCity,therewere873publickindergartenswithatotalenrollmentof252,983childrenin2018.However,thecurrentstatusofphysicalactivityinthesekindergartensisfarfromsatisfactory.

Firstly,thefacilitiesforphysicalactivityinmanypublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCityareinadequate.Theindoorandoutdoorplayareasareoftensmallandovercrowded,whichlimitschildren'sopportunitiesforphysicalactivity.Moreover,theequipmentforphysicalactivity,suchasballs,ropes,andclimbingframes,areoftenoutdatedandunsafe,whichmaycauseinjuriestochildrenduringplay.

Secondly,thetrainingofteachersonphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensisinsufficient.Manykindergartenteacherslacktheknowledgeandskillstodesignandimplementphysicalactivityprogramsthatmeettheneedsofyoungchildren.Additionally,teachersmaynotrecognizetheimportanceofphysicalactivityormayhavenegativeattitudestowardsphysicalactivityduetoculturalorpersonalbeliefs.

Finally,themanagementandsupervisionmechanismsforphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCityareinadequate.Therearenoclearguidelinesforthequalitycontrolofphysicalactivityprograms,andnoregularmonitoringandevaluationofphysicalactivityprogramsareconducted.Moreover,parentsareoftennotinvolvedinthephysicalactivityprograms,andthereislittlecommunicationbetweenparentsandschoolsregardingphysicalactivity.

DevelopmentStrategiestoPromotePhysicalActivityinPublicUrbanKindergartensinHarbinCity

TopromotephysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCity,severaldevelopmentstrategiesshouldbeimplemented.

Firstly,appropriatestandardsforpurchasingsportsequipmentshouldbeestablished.Theequipmentshouldmeetsafetystandardsandbeappropriateforyoungchildren'sphysicaldevelopment.Schoolsshouldalsoprioritizebudgetallocationforthepurchaseandmaintenanceofsportsequipment.

Secondly,teachertrainingplansonphysicalactivityshouldbeformulatedandimplemented.Teachersshouldreceiveregulartrainingonthedesignandimplementationofphysicalactivityprograms,aswellasontheimportanceofphysicalactivityforyoungchildren'shealthandwell-being.

Thirdly,managementandsupervisionmechanismsshouldbeimproved.Schoolsshouldestablishguidelinesforphysicalactivityprogramsandregularlymonitorandevaluatethequalityoftheseprograms.Parentsshouldbeinvolvedinthedevelopmentandimplementationofphysicalactivityprogramsandcommunicatewithschoolsregardingtheirchildren'sphysicalactivity.

Finally,othermeasures,suchaspromotingfamilyinvolvementinphysicalactivity,creatingasupportiveenvironmentforphysicalactivity,andprovidingincentivesforphysicalactivity,shouldbeimplementedtoencouragechildren'sphysicalactivityoutsideofschool.

Conclusion

PromotingphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCityiscrucialforimprovingthehealthandwell-beingofyoungchildren.Thedevelopmentstrategiesproposedinthispaper,includingappropriatestandardsforpurchasingsportsequipment,teachertrainingplans,managementandsupervisionmechanisms,andothermeasures,provideguidanceandconstructivesuggestionsforthefuturedevelopmentofphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCity.

References

NCCOR.(2011).PromotingPhysicalActivityinEarlyChildhood.NationalCollaborativeonChildhoodObesityResearch.Retrievedfrom:/projects/preschool-physical-activity/

WorldHealthOrganization.(2018).GlobalStrategyonDiet,PhysicalActivityandHealth.Retrievedfrom:/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_young_people/en。InordertofurtherdevelopphysicalactivityinpublicurbankindergartensinHarbinCity,severalsuggestionscouldbemade:

1.Implementastructuredphysicaleducationprogram:Itisimportanttohaveastructuredandstandardizedphysicaleducationprograminkindergartensthatpromotesphysicalactivityamongchildren.Theprogramshouldaimtoimprovechildren’sbasicphysicalskills,suchasrunning,jumping,kickingandthrowing,andprovideopportunitiesforchildrentoparticipateingamesandsportsthatcandeveloptheirphysicalandsocialskills.

2.Increasethetimededicatedtophysicalactivity:Inadditiontohavingastructuredphysicaleducationprogram,moretimeshouldbededicatedtophysicalactivityduringtheday.Thiscanbeachievedbyprovidingopportunitiesforchildrentoengageinoutdoorplay,activegames,andotherphysicalactivitiesthroughouttheday.Thiswillincreasetheamountoftimechildrenspendengaginginphysicalactivityandpromoteahealthylifestyle.

3.Provideresourcesandequipment:Toencouragephysicalactivity,itisimportanttoprovideresourcesandequipmentthataresafe,age-appropriate,andvariedinnature.Kindergartensshouldhaveaccesstooutdoorplayspaces,playgroundequipment,andindoorspacesthatcanbeusedforphysicalactivitiesduringpoorweatherconditions.

4.Encourageparentengagement:Parentsplayanimportantroleinencouragingphysicalactivityamongchildren.Kindergartensshouldworktoengageparentsandprovidethemwithresourcesandinformationonhowtopromotephysicalactivityathome.Parentinvolvementinschoolphysicalactivityprogramscanalsoprovideanopportunityforparentstomodelhealthybehaviorsfortheirchildrenandcreateasenseofcommunity.

5.Evaluateandmonitorprogress:Toensurethatphysicalactivityprogramsareeffective,itisimportanttoevaluateandmonitorprogress.Thiscanbedonethroughregularassessmentsofchildren’sphysicalfitness,trackingparticipationinphysicalactivities,andgatheringfeedbackfromparentsandstaff.Thisinformationcanbeusedtoadjustandimproveprogramsovertime.

Byimplementingthesesuggestions,publicurbankindergartensinHarbinCitycanpromotephysicalactivityamongchildren,improvetheirphysicalandsocialskills,andcontributetooverallhealthandwellbeing。Inadditiontotheaboverecommendations,publicurbankindergartensinHarbinCitycanalsoconsiderincorporatingtechnologyintotheirphysicalactivityprograms.Thiscanhelptoengagechildrenwhomaybelessinterestedintraditionalformsofexerciseandprovideadditionalopportunitiesforlearninganddevelopment.

Forexample,schoolscanusegamesandappsthatencouragephysicalactivity,suchasdancingorfitnesschallenges.Thesecanbeintegratedintoclassroomactivitiesorusedduringrecessorphysicaleducationclasses.Additionally,schoolscanusewearabletechnologysuchasfitnesstrackerstohelpchildrenmonitortheirphysicalactivitylevelsandsetpersonalgoals.

Anotherconsiderationistoinvolvethecommunityinpromotingphysicalactivity.Schoolscanpartnerwithlocalbusinessesororganizationstoprovideopportunitiesforchildrentoparticipateincommunityeventsoractivitiesfocusedonphysicalfitness,suchasfunrunsorsportstournaments.Thiscanhelptoreinforcetheimportanceofphysicalactivityandcreateasenseofcommunityaroundhealthyliving.

Finally,itisimportanttoensurethatteachersandstaffareadequatelytrainedtopromotephysicalactivityandsupportchildren’sdevelopmentinthisarea.Thiscanincludetrainingonbestpracticesforcreatingandimplementingphysicalactivityprograms,aswellasstrategiesforencouragingchildren’sparticipationandprovidingindividualizedsupport.

Bytakingacomprehensiveapproachtopromotingphysicalactivity,publicurbankindergartensinHarbinCitycanhelptofacilitatehealthydevelopmentandlifelonghabitsfortheirstudents.Asthebenefitsofphysicalactivityforchildrencontinuetobeemphasizedinresearchandpublichealthinitiatives,itiscrucialforschoolstoprioritizethisaspectoftheirprogramsandworktocreatesupportiveandengagingenvironmentsforphysicalactivity。Childreninurbanareasmayfaceuniquechallengeswhenitcomestophysicalactivity.Factorssuchaslimitedaccesstosafeoutdoorspaces,busyschedules,andsedentaryleisureactivitiescancontributetodecreasedphysicalactivitylevels.However,urbankindergartensinHarbinCityhavethepotentialtoplayacriticalroleinpromotingphysicalactivityandhelpingstudentsestablishhealthyhabitsatayoungage.

Oneapproachtopromotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartensistocreatesupportiveenvironmentsforphysicalactivity.Thiscanincludeprovidingsafeandaccessibleoutdoorspacesforactiveplay,promotingactivetransportationoptionssuchaswalkingorbikingtoschool,andincorporatingphysicalactivitybreaksthroughouttheschoolday.Teachersandstaffcanalsoplayakeyroleinreinforcingtheimportanceofphysicalactivityandencouragingstudentstoengageinactiveplay.

Anotherimportantaspectofpromotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartensistoprovidestudentswithavarietyofphysicalactivityoptions.Thiscanincludestructuredphysicaleducationclasses,recreationalsportsprograms,andactiveplayopportunitiesduringrecessandfreetime.Byofferingarangeofoptions,schoolscanhelpstudentsfindphysicalactivitiesthattheyenjoyandaremorelikelytocontinuewiththroughouttheirlives.

Itisalsoimportanttoacknowledgethatdifferentstudentsmayhavedifferentneedsandpreferenceswhenitcomestophysicalactivity.Somemaythriveinteamsports,whileothersmayprefersoloactivitiessuchasdanceoryoga.Tosupportallstudentsintheirphysicalactivitygoals,schoolscanworktoprovideindividualizedsupportandaccommodatedifferentneedsandlearningstyles.

Inadditiontopromotingphysicalactivityduringschoolhours,urbankindergartenscanalsoencouragefamiliestoprioritizephysicalactivityathome.Thiscanincludeprovidingresourcesandeducationontheimportanceofphysicalactivity,offeringfamilyfitnessevents,andpromotingactivefamilyoutings.

Overall,promotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartensrequiresacomprehensiveapproachthatinvolvescreatingsupportiveenvironments,offeringarangeofphysicalactivityoptions,providingindividualizedsupport,andengagingfamiliesintheprocess.Byprioritizingphysicalactivityintheirprograms,urbankindergartensinHarbinCitycanhelptopromotehealthydevelopmentandlifelonghabitsfortheirstudents。Inadditiontothestrategiesmentionedabove,involvingthelocalcommunitycanalsobeeffectiveinpromotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartens.Forexample,partnershipswithlocalparks,communitycenters,andsportsorganizationscanprovideadditionalopportunitiesformovementandphysicalactivity.Thesepartnershipscanalsohelptopromotephysicalactivitybeyondthetimechildrenspendinthekindergarten,encouragingfamiliestostayactivetogether.

Anotherkeyaspectofpromotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartensisensuringthatstaffmembersarewell-trainedinpromotingandsupportingphysicalactivity.Teachersshouldhaveopportunitiesforprofessionaldevelopmentonhowtoincorporatephysicalactivityintotheirteachingandhowtocreateanenvironmentthatsupportsmovementandactiveplay.Theycanalsoplayaroleincreatingapositiveattitudetowardsphysicalactivitybymodelingactivebehaviorsandenthusiasmformovementthemselves.

Itisimportanttorecognizethatpromotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartensisnotjustaboutpreventingsedentarybehaviororpromotingweightloss.Onthecontrary,physicalactivityplaysakeyroleintheoverallhealthandwell-beingofchildren.Physicalactivitypromotesphysical,mental,andemotionalhealth,aswellascognitivedevelopment,andsocialskills.Therefore,promotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartenscanhavefar-reachingbenefitsthatextendbeyondthekindergartenyears.

Inconclusion,promotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartensinHarbinCityrequiresamulti-facetedapproachthatinvolvescreatingsupportiveenvironments,offeringarangeofphysicalactivityoptions,providingindividualizedsupport,engagingfamilies,involvingthelocalcommunity,andensuringthatstaffmembersarewell-trained.Byprioritizingphysicalactivityintheirprograms,urbankindergartensinHarbinCitycanhelptopromotehealthydevelopmentandlifelonghabitsfortheirstudents。Oneimportantfactorinpromotingphysicalactivityinurbankindergartensisthecreationofsupportiveenvironments.Thiscanincludeprovidingsafeandaccessibleoutdoorplayspaces,equipment,andmaterialsthatencourageactiveplay.Indoorspacescanalsobedesignedtopromotemovement,suchasbyincorporatingdanceoryogaclassesorprovidingopportunitiesforactiveplayduringinclementweather.

Anotherkeystrategyistoofferarangeofphysicalactivityoptionsthatcatertodifferentinterestsandabilitylevels.Forexample,somechildrenmightenjoyteamsportslikesoccerorbasketball,whileothersmightpreferindividualactivitieslikerunningoryoga.Byofferingavarietyofoptions,childrencanfindactivitiesthattheyenjoyandaremorelikelytostickwithovertime.

Inordertoensurethatallchildrenhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinphysicalactivity,individualizedsupportmaybenecessary.Thiscouldincludeadaptingactivitiestoaccommodatechildrenwithdisabilitiesorprovidingextrasupporttochildrenwhoarestrugglingtoengageinphysicalactivity.Teachersandstaffmemberscanalsoplayanimportantroleinencouragingchildrentobeactiveandpromotingpositiveattitudestowardsphysicalactivity.

Engagingfamiliesinphysicalactivitycanalsobeavaluableapproach.Thiscouldinvolvesharinginformationaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity,providingresourcesandmaterialsforfamiliestouseathome,ororganizingcommunityeventsthatpromotephysicalactivity.Byinvolvingfamilies,childrenaremorelikelytoseephysicalactivityasavaluedpartoftheirdailylives.

Localcommunityinvolvementcanalsobecriticalinpromotingphysicalact