山东省临沂市罗庄区2020-2022年三年中考一模英语试题分类汇编：阅读表达（含答案）

山东省临沂市罗庄区2020-2022年三年中考一模英语试题分类汇编阅读表达2022年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考一模英语试题六、阅读表达（共5小题，计10分）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Inrecenttimes,theCOVID-19pandemichasbrokentheage-oldhabitofshakinghands.Itismostwidelyusedasagreeting,butwhendidshakinghandsbecomethestandardgreeting?Thehandshakedatesallthewaybacktothe9thcenturyBC．KingShalmanesarIIIruledoverAssyria,averylargercountryoftheancientMiddleEast.Inthe5thcenturyBC,inGreece,thiswasasymbolofpeace,showingthatneitherpersoncarriedaweapon（武器）.ThehandshakealsomakesanappearanceinHomer’sancientpoem,theIliad（伊利亚特）.Init,twocharacters“shookeachother’shands”.However,thesehandshakeswerenotusedasgreetings.Theearliestreferenceto（提及到）ahandshakegreetingisinthe16thcenturynovelsbyFrenchwriterFrancoisRabelais,saysDutchsociologistHermanRoodenburg.Thehandshake,thoughaEuropeanpractice,isnowoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.ItwasfirstintroducedintoChinaaftertheoverthrowoftheQingDynasty（朝代）atthebeginningoflastcentury.ThankstoDr.SunYat-sun,manyunknownandunforeseenpracticeswereimportedfromEurope,forexample,toworkonweekdaysandtohaveadayoffonSundays,thebrushingofteeth,andhandshaking.InoldChina,whenpeoplemetorparted,theybowedtoeachotherandcuppedtheirownhandsoneintheother,movingthemupanddownseveraltimesinfrontofthechesttoshowrespect.ThistraditionhasalonghistoryinChina,butnowadaysitisseldomusedexceptonsomespecialoccasions（场合）.DuringtheCOVID-19outbreak,inmanycountries,peoplehavestartedtouchingelbows（肘）orankles（脚踝）togreeteachotherinsteadofshakinghands,asthisisbelievedtobesafer.52．WhatwasasymbolofpeaceinancientGreece?____________________________________________53．Whenwasthehandshakeregardedasawaytogreeteachother?____________________________________________54．WhofirstintroducedthehandshakeintoChina?____________________________________________55．HowdidpeoplegreeteachotherinoldChina?____________________________________________56．Whydosomepeoplegreetbytouchingelbowsoranklesnow?____________________________________________2021年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考一模英语试题八、阅读表达（共5小题，计10分）

根据短文内容，回答下列问题。Everyyear,wildfires(野火)destroymuchforestland.Homesarebrokendown,andthousandsofpeopledie.Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter(消防员).Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.Theideaofjumpingoutofplanestofightwildfiresfirstcameupinthe1930sandbecamepopularinthe1940s.Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.Usingbasictoolssuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butnotmuch.Althoughmostsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyourweightandheight.SmokejumpersintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe54to91kilograms,sotheydon’tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustbeabletoliveinthewilderness(荒野).InRussia,manysmokejumpersknowhowtofindfoodintheforestandevenmakesimplefurniture(家具)fromtrees.Theworkisdangerous,andthehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpersisn’tjustajob.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-oldRussiansmokejumpersAlexiTishinsays,“Thisisthebestjobforthestrongandbravepeople.”44．Whataresmokejumpers?_________________________45．Wheredosmokejumpersjumpfrom?_________________________46．What’ssmokejumpers’maingoal?_________________________47．Whyshouldsmokejumpershaveproperweight?_________________________48．Whatisneededtobeasmokejumper?(共3条，答出2条即可)Tobeasmokejumper,oneneedsto_________________________.2020年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考一模英语试题（共5小题，计10分）根据短文内容，回答下列问题。Englishdictionarieswhichwerewrittenbefore18thcenturyhadonlywordswhichwerenotcommon,orwordswhichweredifficulttospell.Then,in1755,Dr.SamuelJohnson,agreatEnglishwriter,wroteafamousdictionary.Thisdictionaryincludedcommonwordsaswellasunusualones.Italsoshowedhowwordsshouldbeusedinsentences.In1858,agroupofpeoplewhostudylanguagestartedtowriteTheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED牛津词典).TheywantedtolistallthewordsoftheEnglishlanguage.Theyevenincludedwordswhichwerenotusedanymore.Theyalsowrotesentencesthatshowthemeaningsofwords.Theyalsodescribedthehistoryofwords,sayingwhenwordswerefirstusedinEnglish,andwhichlanguagestheycamefrom.TheOEDtellsus,forexample,that“algebra”comesfromArabicandwasfirstusedinEnglishinthe16thcentury.Thedictionarytookhundredsofpeopleoverseventyyearstocomplete.Ithasbeenimprovedmanytimes,asthenumberofwordsusedinEnglishhasincreased.Themorerecentdictionarygivesthemeaningsofoveronemillionwords.Itisputintotwenty-onebooks:eachoneisoveronethousandpageslong.AlthoughAmericansspeakEnglish,theyusesomewordsthatarenotusedinBritishEnglish.Forexample,theseasonanEnglishpersoncalls“autumn”,iscalled“fall”byanAmerican.ThefirstdictionaryofAmericanEnglishwaspublished(出版)byNoahWebsterin1828.Healsodecidedtospellsomewordsinasimplerway.Forexample,hewrote“colour”as“color”,“centre”as“center”,and“plough”as“plow”.ThesespellingsarestillusedinAmericatoday.Since1828,Webster’sDictionary(韦氏词典)ofAmericanEnglishhasbeenimprovedandmadebiggermanytimes.Agooddictionaryisaveryimportanttoolforeveryreader.ManymodernEnglishdictionariesarenowavailable.Theygivedifferentkindsofinformation.Itisveryimportanttochoosethebestdictionaryforyourneedsandtouseitoften.76.WhowasDr.SamuelJohnson?77.WhendidpeoplebegintowritetheOED?78.HowlongdidtheOEDtaketofinish?79.WhichwordisAmericanEnglish,“plough”or“plow”?80.HowisAmericanEnglishdifferentfromBritishEnglish?(Twoways)参考答案2022年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考一模英语试题52．Thehandshake.53．Inthe16thcentury.54．Dr.SunYat-sun.55．InoldChina,peoplebowedtoeachotherandcuppedtheirownhandsoneintheother,movingthemupanddownseveraltimesinfrontofthechesttoshowrespect.56．Becausepeoplebelieveit’ssafer./Becausethisisbelievedtobesafer.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了见面打招呼的握手这一习俗的由来及发展过程。现在由于疫情，人们换成用互碰手肘或脚踝来打招呼。52．根据第二段第一句“Thehandshakedatesallthewaybacktothe9thcenturyBC.”可知握手可追溯到公元前9世纪。根据第二段“Inthe5thcenturyBC,inGreece,thiswasasymbolofpeace,showingthatneitherpersoncarriedaweapon（武器）.”可知在公元前5世纪，这个动作在希腊代表着和平，表示双方都没有携带武器，句中的“this”指代前文提到的“thehandshake”握手行为。故填Thehandshake.53．根据第三段“Theearliestreferenceto（提及到）ahandshakegreetingisinthe16thcenturynovelsbyFrenchwriterFrancoisRabelais,saysDutchsociologistHermanRoodenburg.”可知在16世纪的法国作家FrancoisRabelais的小说中最早提到把握手作为打招呼的方式。故填Inthe16thcentury.54．根据第四段“ThankstoDr.SunYat-sun,manyunknownandunforeseenpracticeswereimportedfromEurope,forexample,toworkonweekdaysandtohaveadayoffonSundays,thebrushingofteeth,andhandshaking.”可知孙中山先生把许多在中国鲜为人知的、没有见过的习俗从欧洲引入到中国，比如工作日上班，周日休息，刷牙，握手等。故填Dr.SunYat-sun.55．根据第四段“InoldChina,whenpeoplemetorparted,theybowedtoeachotherandcuppedtheirownhandsoneintheother,movingthemupanddownseveraltimesinfrontofthechesttoshowrespect.”可知在古代中国，当人们见面或分别的时候，他们会彼此鞠躬、双手作揖以表尊重。故填InoldChina,peoplebowedtoeachotherandcuppedtheirownhandsoneintheother,movingthemupanddownseveraltimesinfrontofthechesttoshowrespect.56．根据最后一段“DuringtheCOVID-19outbreak,inmanycountries,peoplehavestartedtouchingelbows（肘）orankles（脚踝）togreeteachotherinsteadofshakinghands,asthisisbelievedtobesafer.”可知由于新冠疫情，在许多国家，人们见面时开始用互碰肘或脚踝的方式来代替握手，因为人们认为这样比较安全。故填Becausepeoplebelieveit’ssafer./Becausethisisbelievedtobesafer.2021年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考一模英语试题44．Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.45．Theyjumpfromplanes.46．Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.47．Becausetheywon’tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.48．Tobeasmokejumper,oneneedstohaveproperheightandweight,beabletoliveinwildernessandlovehis/herjob.【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了空降森林消防队员的一些要求。他们的出现是防止森林野火造成更大的伤害。但是森林消防员的要求很高，有体重限制和较强的心理和生理素质。44．根据文中“Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.”可知，Smokejumpers就是空降消防队员。故填Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.45．根据文中“Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter(消防员).Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.”可知，消防员是一种特殊的消防员。他们从飞机上跳到汽车或步行都难以到达的地方，比如森林的中央。由此说明他们是从飞机上降落到出事地点的。故填Theyjumpfromplanes.46．根据文中“Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.”可知，他们的主要目的是阻止火势蔓延。故填Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.47．根据文中“Mostimportantareyourweightandheight.SmokejumpersintheU.