一轮复习英语重大版学案学通语法第二讲 冠 词

第二讲冠__词单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I’mface­to­facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Asa_result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayasa_modelinNewYork.6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle­fed,theotheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.一、不定冠词(一)不定冠词的基本用法1．表示泛指某个人或事物。ImetafriendofyourstodayasIhurriedofftowork.今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2．用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。MyfriendJohnisahandsomeyoungman,ayoungmaneveryonelikestoworkwith.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。3．表示“某一个”，相当于acertain。IrememberhecamehereonaSundayandleftsoon.我记得他在某一个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。4．用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。Hemissedthegoldmedalinthehighjump,buthewillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。5．用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更……的”。Ifwesitnearthefrontofthebus,we’llhaveabetterview.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，我们就会有一个更好的视野。6．用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。Tonyisafamouspianist.I’mabsolutelycertainthathisconcertthisSundaywillbeasuccess.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定是件成功的事。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中，常见的有：haveagiftfor有……的天赋haveaholiday度假getalift/ride搭便车payavisitto参观lendsb.ahand帮助某人asaresult因此asarule通常；照例inahurry匆忙地atadistance离一段距离awasteof……的浪费Whatapity！真遗憾！be/goonadiet节食acollectionof一批……aknowledgeof知道haveagoodtime玩得高兴makealiving谋生asamatteroffact事实上haveahistoryof有……历史inasense/way在某种意义上forawhile暂时；一时allofasudden突然amatterof……的问题haveapopulationof有……人口coveranareaof占……的面积Theprizeforthewinnerofthepetitionisatwo­weekholidayinParis.(2016·6月浙江高考单选)比赛获胜者的奖励是到巴黎度假两周。二、定冠词(一)定冠词的基本用法1．特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。IstudiedinauniversityinNewZealand.Theuniversitywasfoundedintheearlytwentiethcentury.我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于20世纪初。2．用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。①Asweallknow,thebrainisthecentreofthought.众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。②Asamatteroffact,thericharen’talwayshappy.事实上，富人并非总是快乐的。eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])“the＋adj.”表示一类人的常用短语：therich富人thedead死者thepoor穷人theaged老人theold老人theliving活着的人theyoung年轻人theinjured/wounded受伤的人3．用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等之前。①YangLiweiisthefirstmanwhohasbeenintospaceinChina.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。②Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofthemostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。4．用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。IjustheardthebankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbyagunmanwearingamask.(2015·重庆高考单选)我刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了。5．用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。Asiswellknowntousall,theSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinthethirtiesoflastcentury.众所周知，二战爆发于上个世纪30年代。6．用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。TheSmithslivedintheapartmentaboveours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。7．用于世界上独一无二的事物前。Nooneknowsexactlyhowthemooncameintoexistence,asithappenedsolongago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。8．用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。AsfarasIknow,helikesplayingthepiano.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。(二)固定结构及固定短语中的定冠词1．固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按……计算”。—It’ssaidthatJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000ayear.—Right,hewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.——据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。——是的，他的工资还将按周支付。(2)用于“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中。Hisnosebledwhenthethiefhithimintheface.那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于themore...themore...(越……越……)结构中。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。2．固定短语中的定冠词atthemoment此刻；目前intheend最后；最终totellthetruth说实话ontheotherhand另一方面bytheway顺便说一下inthemiddleof在……中间atthesametime与此同时onthecontrary相反onthewhole总的来说inthedistance在远处tothepoint中肯；切题makethemost/bestof充分利用gotothecinema/theater去看电影/戏剧Nowthatyouhavesuchagoodchance,you’dbettermakethebestofeveryminutetoachieveyourgoal.既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。三、零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法下列情况下不用冠词。1．表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。①Keepingadiaryisagoodhabit,bywhichyou’llmakegreatprogress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。②Telephonesarestillplayinganimportantroleinpeople’slife.在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2．表示泛指的季节、月份、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。Ayearcanbedividedintofourseasons—spring,summer,autumnandwinter.一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。3．与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Areyougoingtherebyplaneorbyship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？4．系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。Afteryearsofhardwork,TomturnedengineerwhileMarygoodmanager.多年的努力工作之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。5．表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。DrPeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”这所的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(二)固定结构及固定短语中的零冠词1．固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”。Youngmanasheis,hehasseenmuchoftheworld.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2．固定短语中的零冠词onpurpose故意地 bychance碰巧catchfire着火 atdawn在黎明facetoface面对面 outofdate过时的makeroomfor让位 indebt负债inshape健康 onfoot步行indanger在危险中 sidebyside并排fromtimetotime不时地 handinhand手拉手dayafterday日复一日地heartandsoul全心全意地Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush­upstootostayinshape.汤姆总是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。[典题精选][我来改正][常设误点]①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.②Buthehadonlyan100­yuannote.③(2019·嘉峪关市一模)HewasanEuropeanbillionairewhogoteverythinghewanted.①第一个a→an/one②an→a③an→a(1)不定冠词a和an的错用①在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；②在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；③有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词a而不用an，如university；还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前面应用冠词an而不用a，如hour。④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbeingrichintheshortperiodoftime.⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparents...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.④the→a⑤outside后的a→the(2)不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用①表示特指时用定冠词the；②表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。⑥Thiscustomsoonbecameanothermealofday.⑦(2019·重庆六校联考)ForrestGumpwasborninsmallvillage.⑥在day前加the⑦在small前加a(3)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词a(n)或the。a(n)表示泛指，the表示特指。⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.⑧在countryside前加the⑨在hard后加the/my⑩在world前加the(4)定冠词the的缺失①在固定搭配中的定冠词the；②在序数词前常用定冠词the；③在世界上独一无二的事物前加定冠词the。⑪Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.⑫(2019·南昌市一模)Ithinkit’sagreatfunandIcanmakemorefriends.⑪去掉flowers前的the⑫去掉great前的a(5)冠词的多余可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。⑬(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.⑭(2015·浙江高考)Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.⑮(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinpicturearethethingswhichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.⑬去掉the⑭在hurry前加a⑮在picture前加the/this(6)常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a(n)，有的用定冠词the，而有的不带任何冠词，如：inahurry,coveranareaof,ontheright,infact等。eq\a\vs4\al([常考题点对点练])Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Whenyoumeetanewword,youcanlookitupinyourdictionary.2．HebecameoneofthemostpopularstarsofAmericantelevision.3．Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.Thewaterwassweet.4．Theeducationoftheyoungisalwaysaserioustopic.5．Itisoutofthequestionthatyoucangetariseifyoudon’tworkhard.6．Whilerunninginthepark,Iheardsomeoneplayingtheviolin,whichdrewmyattention.7．—Excuseme,isthereaMrTaylorlivingintheneighborhood？Thereisaparcelforhim.—Sorry,butthereisnosuchpersonhere.8．—Haveyoulistenedtotheweatherforecast,Linda?—Yes.Itsaysthattherewillbeaheavyrainthisweekend.9．Thefrequentterrorismactivitiesinrecentyearsconstitute(构成)anenormoussecuritychallengetoallcountries.10．Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthantheold,butusuallyeighthoursisenoughforthehealthofgrown­ups.11．Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youcannevergetasecondchancetomakefirstimpressions.12．Ishouldbeveryinterestedtomeetthemanwhothrewthestoneyoumentionedinthenewspaper.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Afterabouthalfahour,therainstoppedandIwenthome.a→an2．Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.famous前加a3．Hereisaverypersonwearelookingfor,onewithagoodknowledgeofGerman.第一个a→the4．Allthestudentsinourclassmadeaprogressbystudyingharderthisterm.去掉a5．Itisnotrarein1990sthatpeopleintheirfiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.1990s前加the6．NowI’dliketotellyouaimpressivestorythathappenedonthefirstdayofmyteachingcareer.a→an7．(2019·银川质检)WhenEnglishisanonlylanguageinclass,studentswillhavemoreopportunitiestopractiselisteningandspeaking.an→the8．(2018·沈阳三测)Dadreadmyfavoritestorybookstome.Finishingonestorybook,hewentouttofetchtheanother.去掉theeq\a\vs4\al([高考题型综合练])Ⅰ.语法填空Morethan1,250litstalls(货摊)brightenthecenterofThailand’scapitalcity,__1__(provide)amulticoloredsight.Theshelter,__2__isdesignedforthethousandsoftradersandshoppersatBangkok’snightmarket,hasbeean__3__(attract)itself.Themarket,which__4__(call)TrainNightMarketRatchadainEnglish,wasopenedinJanuary2015andhasbee__5__popularspotforlocalsandtourists.SoftwareengineerPrasadAmbativisitedthemarketandtookthelandscapephotographsfromanearbycarpark.“Those__6__(color)tentsandpeopleshopping,eatingatstallsandtheflashinglightsweregreat.Thetentsmademethinkofagiantpainting.”Thisis__7__(primary)amarketthatsellsyesteryear(旧时)goods,old­fashioned__8__(collection)ofclothes,motorbikes,andsecond­handtoys.Therearealsoplentyofgeneralmarketthingsforsale,__9__cheapclothes,shoes，bags,andotherfashionitems.Butaboveallit’soneofthebestplacesforstreetfood,open­airbarswithlivemusicfrequently__10__(perform)allover.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于曼谷的夜市TrainNightMarketRatchada。1．providing分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主动关系，故