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不同类型环境规制对我国绿色全要素生产率的非对称性影响研究不同类型环境规制对我国绿色全要素生产率的非对称性影响研究
摘要:
本研究从环境规制的不同类型角度出发,研究其对我国绿色全要素生产率的非对称性影响。采用面板数据模型,以我国2011-2019年间多种环境规制指标为解释变量,对全国及各省市的绿色全要素生产率进行了实证分析。研究发现,不同类型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响存在非对称性,其中强制性规制对生产率的影响呈U形曲线,而经济杠杆式的市场机制对生产率的影响呈倒U形曲线,环境税收制度和生态补偿制度的影响则较弱。同时,不同地域间环境规制的影响差异也较大,环境规制强度较高的地区绿色全要素生产率普遍较低,而规制强度较低的地区也无法显著提高生产率。因此,应适当调整不同地区的环境规制政策,实现环境保护与经济增长的良性循环,以实现可持续发展。
关键词:绿色全要素生产率;环境规制;生态补偿制度;环境税收制度
Abstract:
Fromtheperspectiveofdifferenttypesofenvironmentalregulations,thisstudyinvestigatestheasymmetricimpactofenvironmentalregulationsonChina'sgreentotalfactorproductivity.Usingpaneldatamodel,weconductempiricalanalysisonthegreentotalfactorproductivityofthewholecountryandvariousprovincesandcities,usingmultipleenvironmentalregulationindicatorsfrom2011to2019asexplanatoryvariables.Thestudyfindsthattheimpactofdifferenttypesofenvironmentalregulationsongreentotalfactorproductivityisasymmetric.TheimpactofmandatoryregulationsonproductivityshowsaU-shapedcurve,whiletheimpactofmarketmechanismsthatuseeconomicleverageisinverselyU-shaped.Theimpactofenvironmentaltaxandecologicalcompensationsystemsisrelativelyweak.Meanwhile,thedifferenceintheimpactofenvironmentalregulationsbetweendifferentregionsissignificant.Regionswithhighlevelsofenvironmentalregulationtendtohavelowgreentotalfactorproductivity,whileregionswithlowlevelsofregulationcannotsignificantlyimproveproductivity.Hencethereisaneedtoadjustenvironmentalregulationsindifferentregionsappropriatelyandachieveavirtuouscycleofenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth,toachievesustainabledevelopment.
Keywords:Greentotalfactorproductivity;environmentalregulation;ecologicalcompensationsystem;environmentaltaxsysteInrecentyears,theimportanceofbalancingeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotectionhasbeenwidelyrecognized.Environmentalregulationsareoneofthekeytoolsusedtoachievethisbalance.However,thereisalongstandingdebateonwhetherenvironmentalregulationshaveapositiveornegativeimpactoneconomicgrowth.
Onewaytoassesstheimpactofenvironmentalregulationsoneconomicgrowthistomeasuregreentotalfactorproductivity(GTFP).GTFPreflectstheefficiencywithwhichaneconomyusesitsinputstogeneratebotheconomicoutputandenvironmentaloutcomes.AlowGTFPindicatesthataneconomyisusingresourcesinefficiently,resultinginnegativeenvironmentaloutcomesandreducedeconomicgrowthpotential.
StudieshaveshownthatregionswithhighlevelsofenvironmentalregulationtendtohavelowGTFP.Thisisbecausestrictregulationscanincreaseproductioncosts,reducecompetitiveness,anddiscourageinnovation.However,regionswithlowlevelsofregulationcannotsignificantlyimproveproductivityastheymaynothavethenecessaryincentivestoinvestinenvironmentalprotection.
Toachievesustainabledevelopment,thereisaneedtoadjustenvironmentalregulationsindifferentregionsappropriately.Forexample,regionswithahighlevelofenvironmentalregulationmayneedtointroducemeasuressuchastheecologicalcompensationsystemtobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.Thissystemrequirescompaniesthathaveasignificantimpactontheenvironmenttocompensatefortheirnegativeimpactbyinvestinginenvironmentalprotectionmeasures.
Ontheotherhand,regionswithlowlevelsofenvironmentalregulationmayneedtointroduceanenvironmentaltaxsystemtoprovideincentivesforcompaniestoinvestinenvironmentalprotection.Thetaxwouldbeappliedtoactivitiesthathaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment,thusencouragingcompaniestoreducetheirenvironmentalimpact.
Inconclusion,environmentalregulationsareessentialtoachievesustainabledevelopment.However,properadjustmentoftheseregulationsindifferentregionsisnecessarytoachieveabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.Throughtheimplementationofmeasuressuchastheecologicalcompensationsystemandenvironmentaltaxsystem,regionscanachieveavirtuouscycleofenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth.This,inturn,canleadtotheimprovementofgreentotalfactorproductivityandamoresustainablefutureTofurtherpromotesustainabledevelopment,itisessentialtomakechangesatanindividuallevel.Theconceptofsustainableconsumptionandproduction(SCP)hasgainedattentioninrecentyearsandfocusesonreducingtheenvironmentalimpactofconsumptionwhilestillmeetingourbasicneeds.Itinvolvestheresponsibleuseofresources,reducingwaste,andchoosingproductswithenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.
Attheindividuallevel,creatingawarenessaboutenvironmentalissuesandwaystoadoptasustainablelifestylecanhaveasignificantimpact.Educationalprograms,awarenesscampaigns,andcommunityoutreachinitiativescaneducatepeopleaboutsustainabledevelopmentandhowtheycancontributetowardsit.GovernmentsandNGOscanworktogethertoprovideresources,incentives,andsupporttoencouragesustainablepractices.
Additionally,sustainabledevelopmentgoalsmustbeintegratedintothedecision-makingprocessesofbusinessesandgovernments.Itinvolvesbalancingeconomicgrowth,socialdevelopment,andenvironmentalprotection.Governmentscanestablishpoliciesandregulationsthatsupportsustainablepractices.Forexample,promotingrenewableenergyandcleantechnologiesandprotectingnaturalresourcesthroughconservationmeasures.
Developingasustainableeconomyinvolvesinvestingingreentechnologies,promotingsustainableagriculture,andreducingwasteproduction.Governmentscanprovideincentivestobusinessesthatadoptsustainablepracticessuchastaxcredits,subsidies,andgrants.Thiscanincentivizebusinessestodevelopproductsandservicesthatalignwithsustainabledevelopmentgoals.
Inconclusion,sustainabledevelopmentisacomplexissuethatrequirescooperationandcollaborationfromindividuals,businesses,andgovernments.Itinvolvesconsideringthelong-termimpactsofeconomic,social,andenvironmentaldecisions.Byimplementingsustainablepractices,wecancreateaworldthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneedsToachievesustainabledevelopment,itisimportanttofocusonthreemainareas:economicdevelopment,socialdevelopment,andenvironmentalconservation.Economicdevelopmentinvolvesthecreationofnewandinnovativeproductsandservicesthatprioritizesustainability.Socialdevelopmentinvolvesensuringthatallmembersofsocietyhaveaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andresourcesneededtothrive.Environmentalconservationinvolvesprotectingandpreservingthenaturalworldforfuturegenerations.
Thereareanumberofwaysthatbusinessesandindividualscanalignwithsustainabledevelopmentgoals.Forexample,businessescanprioritizetheuseofrenewableenergy,implementsustainablesupplychains,andreducewasteandcarbonemissions.Individualscanalsotakestepstowardssustainableliving,suchasreducingtheircarbonfootprint,usingpublictransportation,andsupportingsustainablebusinesses.
TheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)provideaframeworkforindi
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