2024-2025学年山东省菏泽市成武县某中学高二上学期开学考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省菏泽市成武县某中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷第一部分：听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIntroductiontoDramaExamsOurexamsinspireandenablelearnersacrosstheglobetobeconfidentcommunicators.Examsareopentoanyonelookingtogainconfidenceandexperienceinspeech,communicationandperformance.Therearenoagerestrictions.AsoneoftheUK’soldestandmostrespecteddramaschoolsandawardingorganizations,weexamineover100,000candidatesanddeliverexamsbothonlineandinpersoninmanycountriesacrosstheglobe.Nowwearepleasedtoofferfree,online“IntroductiontoExaminations”informationsession.BookingisnowopeningforeventsuntilSummer2024.SessionInformationFeeThereisn’tafeeforthissession,butyouarerequiredtobookinadvance.Dates6February2024,6:00p.m.-7:30p.m.20March2024,4:00p.m.-5:30p.m.15May2024,12:00p.m.-1:30p.m.9July2024,8:30a.m.-10:00a.m.HowtoregisterFillintheformtobookyourplace,includingyouremailaddressandphonenumber,whereyou’llbeabletoselectwhichdateyou’dliketoattend.The1.5-hoursessionwillbeginwithanIntroductiontoExaminations,theirhistoryandtheformatofassessment.Workwillthenfocusonthesubjectsavailabletotake,andwillendwithaQ&Aphasewhereparticipantswillbeinvitedtowriteintheirquestionstothehostorganizer.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingthis,pleaseemailexamscourses@lamda.ac.ukandwewillbehappytohelp.Lookingforwardtoseeingyouonlineatthisevent.1.Whatisanadvantageofthedramaexam?A.Itisfreeofcharge. B.Itoffersflexibleschedules.C.Itsuitsawiderangeofpeople. D.Itputsrestrictionsonnationality.2.Whatisrequiredtoregisterforthesessions?A.Paymentinadvance. B.Contactinformation.C.Educationbackground. D.Performanceexperience.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyouhaveaquestionduringtheonlinesession?A.Emailittothedramaschool. B.Writeitdownbeforethesession.C.Proposeitatthebeginningofthesession. D.SendittothehostorganizerinQ&Aphase.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是应用文。为全球的考生提供关于戏剧考试的信息，并鼓励他们参加。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Examsareopentoanyonelookingtogainconfidenceandexperienceinspeech,communicationandperformance.Therearenoagerestrictions.(任何希望在演讲、沟通和表演方面获得自信和经验的人都可以参加考试。没有年龄限制)”可知，戏剧考试的优势是适合各种各样的人。故选C项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中的Howtoregister部分“Fillintheformtobookyourplace,includingyouremailaddressandphonenumber,whereyou’llbeabletoselectwhichdateyou’dliketoattend.(填写表格预定名额，包括你的电子邮件地址和电话号码，在那里你可以选择你想参加的日期)”可知，注册需要联系信息。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Workwillthenfocusonthesubjectsavailabletotake,andwillendwithaQ&Aphasewhereparticipantswillbeinvitedtowriteintheirquestionstothehostorganizer.(然后工作将集中在可用的主题上，并将以问答阶段结束，参与者将被邀请将他们的问题写下来给主办单位)”可知，如果你在网上有问题，你应该在问答阶段将其发送给主办组织者。故选D项。BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。CTop-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.Top-downprocessinghelpsusunderstandwhatoursensesareperceivinginourdailylives.Forexample,supposeyoureceiveanimportantletterbutafewdropsofwaterhaveruinedpartofthetext.Afewlettersindifferentwordsarenowjustsmudges(污迹).Yet,you’restillabletoreadtheletterinitsentiretyusingtop-downprocessing.Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.Sowemayunderstandthepatternofhowtouseamobilephone,butifthemanufacturercomesoutwithanewphonethatemployscompletelyuniqueinteractionpatterns,wemaynotbeabletofigureouthowtouseit.Besides,asourknowledgeislimitedandbiased(片面的)incertainways,itcanleadtoperceptualerrors.8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph2?A.Toexplainmainreasons. B.Togivepracticalexamples.C.Todrawspecificconclusions. D.Toanalysetheoreticalframeworks.9.Whatmaybethekeytounderstandingatextwithmissingletters?A.Pre-existingknowledge. B.Activeinteractions.C.Fivephysicalsenses. D.Lessonsfrommistakes10.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Seeingisbelieving. B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Everycoinhastwosides. D.Experienceisthebestteacher.11.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Introduceareadingmethod. B.Deepenunderlyingmeanings.C.Illustrateacognitivestrategy. D.Clarifyaproducingprocess.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自上而下的处理信息帮助我们理解感知到的事物，文章主要解释了这一认知过程。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.(这个过程在我们与环境的互动中起着重要的作用。我们的五种感官不断地接收信息。在任何给定的时间，我们都在体验不同的视觉、声音、味道、气味，以及触摸事物时的感觉。如果我们一直关注我们的每一种感官，我们就永远不会做其他事情。它使我们能够通过依赖上下文和我们已有的知识来理解我们注意到的东西，从而简化这个过程。如果我们的大脑不采用自上而下的处理方式，我们的感官就会压倒我们)”可知，作者写第二段的目的是分析自上而下的处理是至关重要的主要原因。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.(你可以利用出现污迹的单词和句子的上下文以及你的阅读知识来理解信件的意思。看到一个单词“LO*E”，一个字母被敲掉了，但你仍然能很快认出这个单词是“LOVE”)”可知，理解一篇缺少字母的文章的关键是已有的信息。故选A。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.(一方面，自上而下的处理通过简化我们理解感官知觉的方式起到了积极的作用。它使我们能够缩短我们的感知和它们的意义之间的认知路径。另一方面，模式也可以阻止我们以独特的方式感知事物)”可知，自上而下的处理通常是有益的，但它也有局限性，有时会阻碍我们以新颖的方式感知事物或适应不熟悉的情况的能力。因此，事物都有两面性。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Top-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.(自上而下的处理是使用上下文或一般知识来理解我们所感知的东西的过程。1970年，心理学家理查德·格雷戈里提出了这个概念。他声称感知是建设性的)”，结合文章主要说明了自上而下的处理信息帮助我们理解感知到的事物，文章主要解释了这一认知过程。可知，作者想要说明一个认知策略。故选C。DOurbrainsare“programmed”tolearnmorefrompeoplewelike—andlessfromthosewedislike.Thishasbeenshownbyresearchersincognitiveneuroscience(认知神经科学)inaseriesofexperiments.Memoryservesavitalfunction,enablingustolearnfromnewexperiencesandupdateexistingknowledge.Welearnbothfromindividualexperiencesandfromconnectingthemtodrawnewconclusionsabouttheworld.Thisway,wecanmakeinferencesaboutthingsthatwedon’tnecessarilyhavedirectexperienceof.Thisiscalledmemoryintegrationandmakeslearningquickandflexible.Toexaminewhataffectsourabilitytolearn,andmakeinferences,InesBramao,associate-professorofpsychologyatLundUniversity,alongwithhisco-workers,setupexperimentswhereparticipantsweretaskedwithrememberingandconnectingdifferentobjects.Itcouldbeabowl,ball,spoon,scissors,orothereverydayobjects.Itturnedoutthatmemoryintegrationwasinfluencedbywhopresentedit.Ifitwasapersontheparticipantliked,connectingtheinformationwaseasiercomparedtowhentheinformationcamefromsomeonetheparticipantdisliked.Theparticipantsprovidedindividualdefinitionsof“like”and“dislike”basedonaspectssuchaspoliticalviews,majors,eatinghabits,favoritesports,hobbies,andmusic.Thefindingscanbeappliedinreallife,accordingtotheresearchers.Inesexplained:“Supposeapoliticianarguesforraisingtaxestobenefithealthcare.Later,youvisitahealthcarecenterandnoticeimprovementshavebeenmade.Ifyousidewiththepoliticianthatwantedtoimprovehealthcarethroughhighertaxes,you’relikelytocredittheimprovementstothetaxincrease,eventhoughtheimprovementsmighthavehadacompletelydifferentcause.”There’salreadyvastresearchdescribingthatpeoplelearninformationdifferentlydependingonthesourceandhowthatcharacterizespolarizationandknowledgeresistance.“Whatourresearchshowsishowthesesignificantphenomenacanpartlybetracedbacktofundamentalprinciplesthatgovernhowourmemoryworks,”saysInes.Wetendtoformnewconnectionsandupdateknowledgefrominformationpresentedbygroupswefavor.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“programmed”inParagraph1?A.Enhanced. B.Organized. C.Desire-driven. D.Nature-decided.13.WhatdidtheexperimentsinParagraph3conclude?A.It’seasiertoabsorbfavorableinformation.B.It’sbeneficialtofocusoneverydayobjects.C.Presentersmatterinconnectinginformation.D.Lifeexperiencesaffectpeople’sinferences.14.HowdidInesexplaintheapplicationofhisfindings?A.Byintroducingaconcept.B.Bymakinganassumption.C.Byemployinganexpert’swords.D.Byreferringtoanotherexperiment.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Howbrainsfunctioninlearning B.WhoimpactsmemoryintegrationC.Howbrainslearnfromexperiences D.Whatimproveslong-termmemory【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了认知神经科学的研究人员已经证实，人们倾向于从他们喜欢的人身上学习。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Thishasbeenshownbyresearchersincognitiveneuroscience(认知神经科学)inaseriesofexperiments.(认知神经科学的研究人员在一系列实验中已经证明了这一点)”可知，Ourbrainsare“programmed”tolearnmorefrompeoplewelike—andlessfromthosewedislike.是在一系列实验中发现的结果，属于客观性的事实，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是：我们的大脑被“编程”为从我们喜欢的人那里学到更多，而从我们不喜欢的人身上学到更少，划线单词意为“编程”，此处表达的是大脑先天就被决定的运行模式，与D项“自然决定的”意思最接近。故选D。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Itturnedoutthatmemoryintegrationwasinfluencedbywhopresentedit.Ifitwasapersontheparticipantliked,connectingtheinformationwaseasiercomparedtowhentheinformationcamefromsomeonetheparticipantdisliked.(事实证明，记忆整合受呈现者的影响。如果是参与者喜欢的人，那么与信息来自参与者不喜欢的人相比，连接信息更容易)”可知，参与者的记忆整合受呈现者的影响，如果信息呈现者是参与者喜欢的人，那么连接信息会比较容易，由此可推测出，呈现者在连接信息方面起着重要作用。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Inesexplained:“Supposeapoliticianarguesforraisingtaxestobenefithealthcare.Later,youvisitahealthcarecenterandnoticeimprovementshavebeenmade.Ifyousidewiththepoliticianthatwantedtoimprovehealthcarethroughhighertaxes,you’relikelytocredittheimprovementstothetaxincrease,eventhoughtheimprovementsmighthavehadacompletelydifferentcause.”(Ines解释道：“假设一位政治家主张提高税收以造福医疗保健。后来，你去了一家医疗保健中心，发现情况有所改善。如果你支持希望通过提高税收来改善医疗保健的政治家，你很可能会将这些改善归功于增税，尽管这些改善可能有完全不同的原因。”)”可推测出，Ines在谈及这项发现在现实生活中的运用时，通过假设政治家主张通过增加税收来改善医疗保健的情况来进行解释。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“Ourbrainsare“programmed”tolearnmorefrompeoplewelike—andlessfromthosewedislike.(我们的大脑被“编程”为从我们喜欢的人那里学到更多，而从我们不喜欢的人身上学到更少)”、第二段“Memoryservesavitalfunction,enablingustolearnfromnewexperiencesandupdateexistingknowledge.Welearnbothfromindividualexperiencesandfromconnectingthemtodrawnewconclusionsabouttheworld.Thisway,wecanmakeinferencesaboutthingsthatwedon’tnecessarilyhavedirectexperienceof.Thisiscalledmemoryintegrationandmakeslearningquickandflexible.(记忆起着至关重要的作用，使我们能够从新的经历中学习，更新现有的知识。我们既从个人经历中学习，也从将它们联系起来以得出关于世界的新结论中学习。通过这种方式，我们可以对我们不一定有直接经验的事情进行推断，这被称为记忆整合，使学习快速而灵活)”和最后一段最后一句“Wetendtoformnewconnectionsandupdateknowledgefrominformationpresentedbygroupswefavor.(我们倾向于从我们喜欢的群体提供的信息中形成新的联系并更新知识)”可知，本文主要介绍了认知神经科学的研究人员已经证实，我们倾向于从我们喜欢的人身上学习，根据那些人提供的信息形成新的联系并更新知识，而这是记忆整合，由此可推测出，B项“谁影响了记忆整合”最适合作本文标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Overthepastfewdecades,technologyhasadvancedatanunprecedentedrate,revolutionizingindustriesandshapingnewwaysoflife.____16____AccordingtotheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion,akeyadvocateoftechnologicaladvancement,therapidgrowthoftechnologyhassignificantlyimprovedthequalityoflifeinnumerouscommunities.Itcitesstudiesthatshowtheintegrationoftechnologyintodailyliveshasledtoincreasedefficiency,moreaccesstoinformation,andevenprogressinhealthcareinnumerousregions.____17____Thosewhoembracetechnologicalprogressarguethatitcreatesnewopportunitiesforindividualsandbusinessesalike.Forinstance,farmersinremoteareascannowaccessreal-timemarketinformationandweatherupdatesthroughsmartphones,enablingthemtomakemoreinformeddecisionsabouttheircrops.Additionally,smallbusinessescanexpandtheirreachgloballythroughonlineplatforms.____18____Theyarguethatwhiletechnologymaybringbenefitstosome,itoftenexpandsthedifferencebetweenthetechnologicallyinformedandthedigitallyexcluded.StudiesconductedbyorganizationsliketheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammerevealthatmanyindividuals,particularlythoseindevelopingregionsorwithlimitedresources,lagbehindinaccessingandutilizingtechnologicaladvancements.____19____Furthermore,criticsfearthattheuncheckedgrowthoftechnologymayhavenegativeimpactsonsocietyandtheenvironment.Forexample,theriseofsocialmediaandtheinternethasledtoanincreaseincyberbullying,privacyconcerns,andthespreadofmisinformation.Moreover,theoveruseoftechnologymaycontributetodo-nothinglifestylesandotherhealthissues.Onethingiscertainabouttechnologicalprogress—itisaninevitabletrend.Therapidpaceofinnovationandthewidespreadavailabilityoftechnologymakeitimpossibletoturnback.____20____A.Buthowcanwetakecontroloftechnologytoouradvantage?B.Thequestionarises:Istechnologicalprogressbeneficialforall?C.Thisdigitaldividecanleadtoincreasedsocialandeconomicgaps.D.However,criticsoftechnologicaladvancementholdadifferentview.E.Theseadvancementshavebeenparticularlyevidentinruralandunderservedareas.F.Itensuresthatthebenefitsoftechnologicalprogressaresharedequallyacrosssociety.G.Thechallengenowisfindingwaystocommandthepoweroftechnologytobenefitall.【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.C20.G【语篇解读】本文属于议论文。文章主要探讨科技进步对社会的影响。科技进步虽带来诸多好处，但也存在负面影响。文章传递的价值和意义在于提醒人们要理性看待科技进步，努力缩小数字鸿沟，让科技更好地造福人类。【16题详析】设空位于首段段尾，应是引出下文，根据后文“Thosewhoembracetechnologicalprogressarguethatitcreatesnewopportunitiesforindividualsandbusinessesalike.(那些拥护技术进步的人认为，它为个人和企业都创造了新的机会)”以及“Furthermore,criticsfearthattheuncheckedgrowthoftechnologymayhavenegativeimpactsonsocietyandtheenvironment.(此外，批评者担心技术的无限制发展可能会对社会和环境产生负面影响)”可知，本文主要探讨科技进步对社会的影响，在根据前文“Overthepastfewdecades,technologyhasadvancedatanunprecedentedrate,revolutionizingindustriesandshapingnewwaysoflife.(在过去的几十年里，技术以前所未有的速度发展，彻底改变了工业，塑造了新的生活方式)”可知，B项“Thequestionarises:Istechnologicalprogressbeneficialforall?(问题来了：技术进步对所有人都有利吗?)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选B项。【17题详析】根据前文“AccordingtotheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion,akeyadvocateoftechnologicaladvancement,therapidgrowthoftechnologyhassignificantlyimprovedthequalityoflifeinnumerouscommunities.Itcitesstudiesthatshowtheintegrationoftechnologyintodailyliveshasledtoincreasedefficiency,moreaccesstoinformation,andevenprogressinhealthcareinnumerousregions.(国际电信联盟是技术进步的主要倡导者，根据该联盟的说法，技术的快速发展显著提高了许多社区的生活质量。报告援引的研究表明，在许多地区，技术融入日常生活提高了效率，增加了获取信息的渠道，甚至在医疗保健方面取得了进步)”可知，技术进步显著提高了许多社区的生活质量，有很多技术进步带来的好处，所以E项“Theseadvancementshavebeenparticularlyevidentinruralandunderservedareas.(这些进步在农村和服务不足地区尤为明显)”与前文提到的研究结果相契合，符合文意。故选E项。【18题详析】根据前文“Thosewhoembracetechnologicalprogressarguethatitcreatesnewopportunitiesforindividualsandbusinessesalike.Forinstance,farmersinremoteareascannowaccessreal-timemarketinformationandweatherupdatesthroughsmartphones,enablingthemtomakemoreinformeddecisionsabouttheircrops.Additionally,smallbusinessescanexpandtheirreachgloballythroughonlineplatforms.(那些拥护技术进步的人认为，它为个人和企业都创造了新的机会。例如，偏远地区的农民现在可以通过智能手机获取实时市场信息和天气更新，使他们能够对自己的作物做出更明智的决定。此外，小企业可以通过在线平台扩大其全球影响力)”以及后文“Theyarguethatwhiletechnologymaybringbenefitstosome,itoftenexpandsthedifferencebetweenthetechnologicallyinformedandthedigitallyexcluded.(他们认为，虽然技术可能给一些人带来好处，但它往往扩大了掌握技术的人和被数字技术排斥的人之间的差距)”可知，前文提到那些拥抱技术进步的人认为它给个人和企业带来了新的机会，但后文却提到批评者认为技术进步虽然可能给一些人带来好处，但往往扩大了技术知情者和数字排斥者之间的差距，前后是转折关系，所以D项“However,criticsoftechnologicaladvancementholdadifferentview.(然而，技术进步的批评者持有不同的观点)”和前文构成转折关系，并引出下文。故选D项。【19题详析】设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Theyarguethatwhiletechnologymaybringbenefitstosome,itoftenexpandsthedifferencebetweenthetechnologicallyinformedandthedigitallyexcluded.StudiesconductedbyorganizationsliketheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammerevealthatmanyindividuals,particularlythoseindevelopingregionsorwithlimitedresources,lagbehindinaccessingandutilizingtechnologicaladvancements.(他们认为，虽然技术可能给一些人带来好处，但它往往扩大了掌握技术的人和被数字技术排斥的人之间的差距。联合国开发计划署等组织进行的研究表明，许多人，特别是发展中地区或资源有限的人，在获取和利用技术进步方面落后)”可知，前文提到了技术进步会导致生活在发展中地区或资源有限的人，在获取和利用技术进步方面落后，所以C项“Thisdigitaldividecanleadtoincreasedsocialandeconomicgaps.(这种数字鸿沟可能导致社会和经济差距的扩大)”是对前文坏处的总结，符合文意。故选C项。【20题详析】设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Onethingiscertainabouttechnologicalprogress—itisaninevitabletrend.Therapidpaceofinnovationandthewidespreadavailabilityoftechnologymakeitimpossibletoturnback.(关于技术进步，有一点是肯定的——它是一个不可避免的趋势。创新的快速步伐和技术的广泛可用性使其不可能倒退)”可知，作者指出，技术进步是不可避免的，所以G项“Thechallengenowisfindingwaystocommandthepoweroftechnologytobenefitall.(现在的挑战是找到方法来控制技术的力量，使所有人受益)”承接上文，点出主题，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LeeChongWei,the38-year-oldMalaysianbadmintonlegend,praisedLinDanasthegreatestbadmintonplayereverinarecentFacebookLiveSession(实况转播)onApril16.Whenhewas____21____“whoisthegreatestbadmintonplayerofalltime”byMalaysia’sformerDeputySportsMinisterStevenSimduringarecentFacebookLivesession,Lee___22___,“Youhavetosayit’sLinDan.He’salegend.His___23___speakforthemselves.Wehavetoshowouradmirationforhim.”LinDanwasborninLongyan,FuijianonOctober14,1983.Hebegantoplaybadmintonattheageoffive.Heenteredthe____24____schoolofFujianin1992andjoinedthe___25___teamin2000toplaybadmintonforChina.LiChongWeiwasborninMalaysiaonOctober21,1982,the____26____ofwhoseancestors(祖先)isFujian.Thetwobadmintontitans(巨人)treateachotheraspowerfulrivals(对手)onthecourt,butare_____27_____offthecourt.Theymetin2000and_____28_____eachotherforthefirsttimeintheThomasCupBadmintonAsiaPreliminariesin2004.Betweentheir40matchesfrom2004to2018,Linhaswalkedawaytriumphant(胜利的)28times,_____29_____Leebeatthedifficultiesand_____30_____12times.Throughouttheyears,fanshave_____31_____theirfriendlypost—matchhugs.Theirmutual(互相的)encouragementhasbeenaninspirational_____32_____ofsportsmanship.___33___that,LeeevenattendedLin’sweddingin2012.Thetwo-decadelongfriendshiphasbeensucha____34____exampleofcross—culturalexchangethatLeewaseven____35____withtheChina—MalaysiaStarofFriendshipaward.21.A.asked B.told C.warned D.reminded22.A.concluded B.questioned C.whispered D.replied23.A.titles B.clothes C.styles D.habits24.A.art B.tourism C.business D.sports25.A.urban B.suburban C.national D.local26.A.grass B.land C.border D.center27.A.coaches B.playmates C.friends D.neighbors28.A.lookedafter B.stoodfor C.tookon D.competedagainst29.A.before B.after C.until D.while30.A.won B.ran C.failed D.tried31.A.introduced B.explained C.witnessed D.described32.A.request B.symbol C.planD.law33.A.Inplaceof B.Exceptfor C.Incaseof D.Inadditionto34.A.remarkable B.simple C.strange D.correct35.A.impressed B.armed C.honored D.supplied【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.D25.C26.B27.C28.D29.D30.A31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了李宗伟和林丹两个羽毛球运动员之间的友谊和代表的体育精神。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近的Facebook直播中，当马来西亚前副体育部长史蒂文·西姆问他“谁是有史以来最伟大的羽毛球运动员”时，李宗伟回答说，“你不得不说是林丹。”A.asked询问；B.told告诉；C.warned警告；D.reminded提醒。根据后文“whoisthegreatestbadmintonplayerofalltime”可知马来西亚前副体育部长在询问李宗伟问题。故选A。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最近的Facebook直播中，当马来西亚前副体育部长史蒂文·西姆问他“谁是有史以来最伟大的羽毛球运动员”时，李宗伟回答说，“你不得不是林丹。”A.concluded下结论；B.questioned质疑；C.whispered低语；D.replied回答。上文提出问题“whoisthegreatestbadmintonplayerofalltime”，李宗伟回答这个问题。故选D。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的头衔说明了一切。A.titles标题；B.clothes衣服；C.styles风格；D.habits习惯。根据上文“He’salegend.(他是一个传奇)”可知，李宗伟认为林丹的头衔说明了一切。故选A。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1992年考入福建体校，2000年加入国家队，代表中国打羽毛球。A.art艺术；B.tourism旅游；C.business生意；D.sports运动。根据后文“schoolofFujianin1992andjoinedthe”以及上文“Hebegantoplaybadmintonattheageoffive.”提到五岁开始打羽毛球，推测