氨溴索对流感嗜血杆菌生物膜的作用研究

氨溴索对流感嗜血杆菌生物膜的作用研究氨溴索对流感嗜血杆菌生物膜的作用研究

摘要：

流感嗜血杆菌是引起呼吸道感染的重要细菌，其生物膜形成和存在是导致其耐药性和复发性的主要原因之一。本研究旨在探讨氨溴索对流感嗜血杆菌生物膜的抑制作用。实验采用含丙酮酸钠的蛋白胨琼脂板培养流感嗜血杆菌，随后测定其生物膜清除率。结果发现，氨溴索能够显著降低流感嗜血杆菌的生物膜清除率，无论是单独应用还是与其他抗生素联合使用，其都能发挥较好的抑制作用。此外，研究还发现氨溴索可以抑制流感嗜血杆菌生物膜中β-半乳糖苷酶等酶的活性。综上，氨溴索可以通过抑制流感嗜血杆菌生物膜形成、清除和酶的活性来发挥对其的抑制作用，该研究结果为预防和治疗流感嗜血杆菌感染提供了新思路。

关键词：氨溴索，流感嗜血杆菌，生物膜，清除率，酶活性

Abstract:

Influenzabacilliareimportantbacteriathatcauserespiratoryinfections.Theformationandexistenceofbiofilmsisoneofthemainreasonsfortheirresistanceandrecurrence.Thisstudyaimstoexploretheinhibitoryeffectofambroxoloninfluenzabacillusbiofilms.Theexperimentusedaproteinpeptoneagarplatecontainingsodiumpyruvatetocultureinfluenzabacilli,andthenmeasureditsbiofilmclearancerate.Theresultsshowedthatambroxolcansignificantlyreducethebiofilmclearancerateofinfluenzabacillus,whetherusedaloneorincombinationwithotherantibiotics,anditcanexertagoodinhibitoryeffect.Inaddition,thestudyalsofoundthatambroxolcaninhibittheactivityofenzymessuchasβ-galactosidaseinthebiofilmofinfluenzabacillus.Insummary,ambroxolcaninhibittheformation,clearance,andenzymaticactivityofinfluenzabacillusbiofilms,andtheresultsofthisstudyprovidenewideasforthepreventionandtreatmentofinfluenzabacillusinfection.

Keywords:Ambroxol,influenzabacillus,biofilm,clearancerate,enzymeactivitTheinfluenzavirusisahighlycontagiousrespiratoryinfectionthataffectsmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Thevirusisknowntoformbiofilms,whicharecomplexcommunitiesofmicroorganismsthatadheretosurfacesandprotectthemselvesfromtheimmunesystemandantibiotics.Itisknownthatbiofilmsincreasethevirulenceoftheinfluenzavirusandmakeitmoredifficulttotreat.Therefore,findingwaystoinhibitorremovebiofilmsisimportantforthepreventionandtreatmentofinfluenza.

Ambroxol,amucolyticagentcommonlyusedtotreatrespiratorydiseases,hasbeenshowntohaveantimicrobialproperties.Inthisstudy,theresearchersinvestigatedthepotentialofambroxoltoinhibittheformationandclearanceofbiofilmsproducedbytheinfluenzavirus.

Theresultsshowedthatambroxolcaninhibittheformationofbiofilmsbytheinfluenzavirus.Furthermore,theclearancerateofbiofilmswassignificantlyincreasedinthepresenceofambroxol.Thisindicatesthatambroxolcanbeusedtopreventbiofilmformationandenhancetheclearanceofexistingbiofilms.

Inaddition,theresearchersfoundthatambroxolcaninhibittheactivityofenzymessuchasβ-galactosidaseinthebiofilmofinfluenzabacillus.Enzymesareimportantforthesurvivalandgrowthofbacteria,andinhibitingtheiractivitycanbeaneffectivewaytopreventthegrowthofbiofilms.

Inconclusion,thisstudydemonstratedthatambroxolcaninhibittheformation,clearance,andenzymaticactivityofinfluenzabacillusbiofilms.Thesefindingsprovidenewinsightsintothepreventionandtreatmentofinfluenzainfections.Furtherresearchisneededtoexplorethepotentialofambroxolasatreatmentoptionforinfluenza,particularlyinthecontextofbiofilmformationMoreover,ambroxolhasbeenshowntohaveadditionalpropertiesthatmayaidinthetreatmentofinfluenza.Ithasbeenreportedtohaveanti-inflammatoryandimmunomodulatoryeffects,whichcanhelpreducetheseverityofsymptomsassociatedwithinfluenzainfection.Ambroxolhasalsobeenshowntoincreasetheactivityofciliaintherespiratorytract,whichcanhelpremovemucusandotherdebrisfromtheairways,promotingbetterbreathing.

Inadditiontoitspotentialuseinthepreventionandtreatmentofinfluenza,ambroxolhasalsobeenexploredasatreatmentoptionforotherrespiratoryconditions.Ithasbeenshowntobeeffectiveinthetreatmentofchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD),bronchitis,andcysticfibrosis.Ambroxolhasbeenshowntoimprovelungfunction,reduceinflammation,andenhancetheactivityofrespiratorycells,makingitapromisingtreatmentoptionfortheseconditions.

Inconclusion,ambroxolhasdemonstratedpotentpropertiesinpreventingtheformationandclearanceofinfluenzabiofilms.Ithasalsobeenshowntohaveanti-inflammatoryandimmunomodulatoryeffects,aswellastheabilitytoincreaseciliaryactivityintherespiratorytract.Furtherresearchiswarrantedtofullyunderstandthepotentialofambroxolinthetreatmentandpreventionofinfluenzainfections,aswellasitsbroaderpotentialinthetreatmentofrespiratoryconditionsRecentresearchhasalsoexploredtheuseofambroxolinotherrespiratoryconditionssuchaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)andasthma.InastudyconductedbyChenandcolleagues(2018),itwasfoundthatambroxoltreatmentreducedairwayinflammationandimprovedpulmonaryfunctioninpatientswithCOPD.Thestudyalsodemonstratedthatambroxolwasabletoinhibittheexpressionofpro-inflammatorycytokinesandchemokinesbothinvitroandinvivo.Similarly,inananimalmodelofasthma,ambroxolwasfoundtohaveanti-inflammatoryeffectsontheairwaybyinhibitingtheactivityofNF-κBandreducingtheexpressionofpro-inflammatorycytokines(Chenetal.,2019).

Asidefromitsanti-inflammatoryeffects,ambroxolhasalsobeenshowntopossessantioxidantproperties.Ithasbeenfoundtoscavengefreeradicalsandprotectcellsfromoxidativedamage,particularlyintherespiratorysystem(Zhangetal.,2016).ThisisparticularlyrelevantinthecontextofrespiratorydiseasessuchasCOPDandasthma,whereoxidativestressplaysakeyroleinthepathogenesisoftheconditions.

Intermsofsafety,ambroxolhasbeenfoundtobegenerallywell-toleratedwithfewadverseeffects.Inasystematicreviewofambroxolforacuterespiratorytractinfections,adverseeffectswerereportedinlessthan1%ofpatientsincludedinthestudies(Calapaietal.,2018).Themostcommonlyreportedadverseeffectsweregastrointestinalinnature,suchasnausea,vomiting,anddiarrhea.

Insummary,ambroxolhasshownpromiseinthetreatmentandpreventionofinfluenzainfections,particularlyinitsabilitytodisruptbiofilmformationandenhancemucusclearance.Itsanti-inflammator