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定语从句重点难点解析
1.主语和谓语一致
1、关系代词在定语从句中主语,其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如:
Theboywhoisstandingatthedoorismyson.
2、在“oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先行词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,其谓
语动词用复数形式。例如:
Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathaveeverbeenwrittenonthesubject.
3、在“theonlyoneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,one是先行词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,
其谓语动词用单数。例如:
Thisistheonlyoneofthebestbooksthathaseverbeenwrittenonthesubject.
II.关系代词的省略
在限制性定语从句中,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略;作宾语时在口语中可以省略。在非限制
性定语从句中,关系代词不能省略。例如:
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Thefinger(that)1putintomymouthwasnottheone(that)Ihaddippedintothecup.
AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonApril14,1865.
Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.
III.正确使用that和which
1、that指物,有时也可以指人,which指物,不能指人。Which可以引导非限制性定语从句,也可以放在
介词后面,that则不能。例如:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaper?(正)Whoisthemanwhichisreadingthenewspaper?(误)
Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.(IE)Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.(误)
2、先行词前面有形容词最高级,序数词,next,last,very,any,little,no等修饰时,用that不用which引导定
语从句。例如:
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.(正)ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.(误)
3、先行词是all,much,little,none等时,用that而不用which引导定语从句。例如:
ThafsallthatIwanttosay.(正)Thafsallwhichwanttosay.(误)
4^先行词是不定代词something,anything,anything,everything时,一般用that而不用which引导定语从句。
例如:
Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?(正)
Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?(误)
5、先行词是人和物时,要用that而不用which/who引导定语从句。例如:
Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.(正)
Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.(误)
6、先行词本身是that时,,•般用which引导定语从句。例如:
Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.
7、在who开头的疑问句中,若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时,用that引导定语从句。例如:
Whoisthegirlthatissinginginthehall?
8、当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。例如:
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.
IV.定语从句要用关系词引导。例如:
Ihavethreefriends,noneofwhomcanspeakFrench.(正)
Ihavethreefriends,noneofthemcanspeakFrench.(误)
注:若把逗号“,”改为分号误句也就变为正确的句子了。
V.先行词受such,thesame修饰时,通常用as引导定语从句。例如:
ThisisnotsuchabookasIwant.
ThisisthesamebookasIwant.
试比较:thesame…as与thesame••,that
ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.
ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.
VI.as和which指整个主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句的区别。
as和which指整个主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、
句中或句末:which引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。as引导的定语从句常与know,see,report,say,expect,
announce等动词连用;which引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语,当它引导的从句与主句之间含
有结果关系时,一般用whicho例如:
Asweallknow,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.
Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory,asisknowntousall.
Tomdidnotpasstheexam,whichmadehismotherveryangry.
vn.用关系代词还是关系副词
先行词是表时时间、地点、原因的名词,引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词,关键在于关系词在
从句中充当的成分。如果充当状语,就用关系副词引导定与从句;如果充当主语或宾语,则用关系代词。
例如:
ThisistheschoolMr.Chengworks.
ThisistheschoolMr.Chengsetuptenyearsago.
IwillneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheParty.
IwillneverforgetthedayIspentwithMrIsaak.
Thatwasthereasonhegavemeyesterday.
Thatwasthereasonhegavemeanoteyesterday.
注:1关系副词一般可以改为“介词+which”.例如:
Thereasonwhy/fbrwhich1didn'tcomethismorningisthatitrainedhard.
October,1st1949wasthedaythePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.
Thiswasthecityhewastakenawaybytheenemy.
强调句重难点解析
考纲要求按照考纲要求,考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调。
二.命题导向近年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用。
三。复习要点
1.使用助动词do,docs和did对谓语动词进行强调。例如:
Firstimpressionsreallydocounto
Lucydocslookniceinthatnewdresso
2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其它句子成分。它的基本句型结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分
+that/who+句子的其他部分。可用用来强调句子的主语、宾语•、状语等成分。在复习强调句型时,要注意
以下几个方面:
(1)强调句型中的主谓一致
在强调句型中,当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时,无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数,主句中的谓语动词
都要用单数形式Itis/was…,同时,that从句中的谓语动词也要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持•致。
例如:
Itismyparentsthat/whooften(help)megetoutoftrouble«
ItisnotIthat/who(be)toblamefbrit。
2.当对地点状语、时间状语或状语从句进行强调时,只能要用连接词that,而不能用when,where,why或
how等。例如:
ItwasonAugust8,2008that29thSummerOlympicGameswereopenedinBeijingo
ItwasintheparkthatImetanoldfriendofmine。
Itisbybusthatmyfatherusuallygoestoworko
3.强调句型的疑问式
在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为一般疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“Itis/was
+被强调部分that+其它成分"改为"Is/wasit+被强调部分+that+其它成分?'喊”疑问词+is/wasitthat+其它
成分?”结构。例如:
Wasitherfailingherexamthatmadeherparentsunhappy?
Whenwasitthatshechangedhermind?
4.在对not…until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的not移置until之前,构
成:Itis/wasnotuntil...that…固定句型。注意that从句的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语
序。例如:
Ididn'trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasseso
—Notuntil___________________________________________________________________
—Itwas______________________________________________________________________
四.注意事项
1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用疑问语序。例
如:Marytookhisumbrellabymistake.Tomorrowwe'llleavefbrHongKong.
Heaskedme0(究竟是谁拿错了他的伞)
Iwonder。(究竟何时我们去香港)
2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式
在强调句型结构中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句Itis/was…保持一致。例如:
ItisMarynotyouwhowantstoaskmeaboutit,isn'tit?
Itwashiscomingthatmadeyouallveryhappy,wasn'tit?
3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用
在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我
们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构强调句型语定语从句。例如:
------Wheredidyougettoknowher?------Itwasonthefarmweworked.
4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析
当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“itis/was”和连词“that”原句仍然成立。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“it
is/was”和连词'When/befbre”,原句不能成立。
Itwasat14:28thattheterribleearthquakebrokeout.()
Itwas14:28whentheterribleearthquakebrokeout.()
五.精典名题导解
1.(2008江西)Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrol_toreturntotheirhomeso
A.theresidentswouldbepermittedB.hadtheresidentsbeenpermitted
C.wouldberesidentsbepennittedD.theresidentshadbeenpermitted
2.(2008全国II)ItwasinNewZealand_ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smitho
A.howB.thatC.whichD.when
3.(2008重庆)Itwasnotuntilmidnight_theyreachedthecampsite。
A.whileB.whenC.thatD.as
4.(成都市2009届毕业班第一次诊断性检测)Itisexactlythewaywespeakmakesour
teacherangry.Weshouldbemorepolitenexttime。
A.that;whatB.what;thatC.how;whatD.that;that
5.(2009年石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测)一Mr.Bartonchangedhismindtotakepartinthe
movement?
一AfterhelistenedtothespeechbyMr.King。
A.WhenwasthatitB.WhenwasitthatC.WhenwasthatD.Whenwasit
6.(河北省保定市2009届高三调研考试)—Didyouarriveherethismorning?
—Yes,Itwasatnineo'clockwecamehere。
A.beforeB.whenC.whichD.that
2009>2010年高考英语试题分类汇编——定语从句
(09安徽)1.AgoodfriendofminefromIwasbornshowedupatmyhome
rightbeforeIleftfbrBeijing.
A.howB.whomC.whenD.which
(09安徽)2.Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretaken
goodcareofinthevillage.
A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom
(09北京)3.—Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob?
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbut
interesting.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
(09福建)4.It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselves
differently.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
(09湖南)5.IwasbominNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreatea
pictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.
A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose
(09江西)6.ThehouseIgrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanoffice
building.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
(09海南)7.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermet
before.
A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
(09山东)8.WheneverImether,wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweet
smile.
A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that
(09陕西)9.Guncontrolisasubject___Americanshavearguedfbralongtime.
A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich
(09四川)10.She'llneverforgetherstaythereshefoundhersonwhohadgone
missingtwoyearsbefore.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
(09天津)11.Apersone-mailaccountisfullwon'tbeabletosendorreceiveany
e-mails.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
(09天津)12ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,domany
businessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.
A.asB.whichC.whenD.though
(09浙江)13.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsof
myown.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.why
(09重庆)14.Lifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
(09全国2)15.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
(10福建)24.StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlife
hasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
(10湖南)28.TvebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImet
intheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
(10江西)31Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister
shewouldstayforanhour.
AwhereBwhoCwhichDwhat
(10山东)24.That'sthenewmachinepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What
38.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.
A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich
(10天津)8.CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
Youshouldtrythebarber?sIgo.Ifsonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
(10四〃I)10.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeoff*togotravelling,
turnedouttobeawisedecision.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
(10全国I)24.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,isnamedafterhisgrandfather.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
(10江苏)32.Thenewlybuiltcafe,thewallsofarepaintedlightgreen,isreallya
peacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.
A.thatB.itC.whatD.which
(10陕西)II.Theoldtempleroofwasdamagedinstonnisnowunderrepair.
A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose
(10全国H)16.1refusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeoneelse'sfault.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
(10湖北)77.Mymotherwassoproudofall(我所做的)thatsherewardedme
withatriptoBeijing.(do)
80.(正如我们强调的那样)manytimes,"servethepeople“isourfirst
policy,(stress)
(10北京)27.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
(10重庆)28.Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasingdevelopmentisrecognized
acrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that
^12010年高考英语试题分类汇编——it的用法
(10全国H)14.Thedoctorthoughtwouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.
A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it
(10辽宁)33.Thefactthatshewasforeignmadedifficultforhertogetajobinthat
country
AsoB.muchC.thatD.it
书面表达一参考范文
Withaheavyworkload,almostallteenagerslookforwardtohavinghappyholidaysfrom
school,duringwhichtheydon'thavetoget
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