托福阅读全真试题

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！托福阅读全真试题Question1-8WhenJulesVernewroteJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthin1864，thereweremanyconflictingtheoriesaboutthenatureoftheEarth'sinterior.Somegeologiststhoughtthatitcontainedahighlycompressedballofincandescentgas，whileotherssuspectedthatitconsistedofseparateshells，eachmadeofadifferentmaterial.Today，welloveracenturylater，thereisstilllittledirectevidenceofwhatliesbeneathourfeet.MostofourknowledgeoftheEarth'sinteriorcomesnotfromminesorboreholes，butfromthestudyofseismicwaves-powerfulpulsesofenergyreleasedbyearthquakes.ThewaythatseismicwavestravelshowsthattheEarth'sinteriorisfarfromuniform.Thecontinentsandtheseabedareformedbythecrust-athinsphereofrelativelylight，solidrock.Beneaththecrustliesthemantle，averydifferentlayerthatextendsapproximatelyhalfwaytotheEarth'scenter.Theretherockisthesubjectofabattlebetweenincreasingheatandgrowingpressure.Initshighlevels，themantleisrelativelycool;Atgreaterdepths，hightemperaturesmaketherockbehavemorelikealiquidthanasolid.Deeperstill，thepressureisevenmoreintense，preventingtherockfrommeltinginspiteofahighertemperature.Beyondadepthofaround2，900kilometers，agreatchangetakesplaceandthemantlegiveswaytothecore.Someseismicwavescannotpassthroughthecoreandothersarebentbyit.Fromthisandotherevidence，geologistsconcludethattheoutercoreisprobablyliquid，withasolidcenter.Itisalmostcertainlymadeofiron，mixedwithsmalleramountsofotherelementssuchasnickel.TheconditionsintheEarth'scoremakeitafarmorealienworldthanspace.Itssolidironheartissubjectedtounimaginablepressureandhasatemperatureofabout9，000oF.Althoughscientistscanspeculateaboutitsnature，neitherhumansnormachineswilleverbeabletovisitit.1.Theword"conflicting"inline2isclosestinmeaningto(A)controlling(B)outdated(C)opposing(D)important2.Whatistoday'srichestsourceofinformationabouttheEarth'sinteriorforgeologists?(A)Boreholes(B)Shells(C)Seismicwaves(D)Mines3.Theword"There"inline16referstothe(A)mantle(B)crust(C)seabed(D)Earth'scenter.4.WhichofthefollowingisaprimarycharacteristicoftheEarth'smantle?(A)Light，solidrock(B)Uniformityofcomposition(C)Dramaticallyincreasingpressure(D)Compressed，incandescentgas5.Thephrase"giveswayto"inline24isclosestinmeaningto(A)runsalong(B)rubsagainst(C)turnsinto(D)floatson6.Theword"it"inline26refersto(A)mantle(B)core(C)change(D)depth7.Whydoestheauthorstateinline30-31thattheEarth'scoreis"morealien"thanspace?(A)GovernmentfundsarenotavailabletostudytheEarth'score.(B)Scientistsaren'tinterestedinthecharacteristicsoftheEarth'score.(C)ItisimpossibletogototheEarth'scoretodoresearch.(D)TheEarth'scoreismadeofelementsthataredangeroustohumans.8.Theword"speculate"inline33isclosestinmeaningto(A)report(B)learn(C)worry(D)hypothesizeQuestion9-20Despitetheroadimprovementsoftheturnpikeera(1790-1830)。Americanscontinuedasincolonialtimestodependwhereverpossibleonwaterroutesfortravelandtransportation.Thelargerrivers，especiallytheMississippiandtheOhio，becameincreasinglyusefulassteamboatsgrewinnumberandimprovedindesign.RiverboatscarriedtoNewOrleansthecornandothercropsofnorthwesternfarmers，thecottonandtobaccoofsouthwesternplanters.FromNewOrleans，shipstookthecargoesontoeasternseaports.Neitherthefarmersofthewestnorthemerchantsoftheeastwerecompletelysatisfiedwiththispatternoftrade.Farmerscouldgetbetterpricesfortheircropsifthealterna