托福句法之简单句

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！托福句法之简单句简单句的定义：只有一套主谓系统的句子简单句的组成：主干成分修饰成分ExercisePutatick（√）nexttotherightsentences.1.MadeinItaly.2.ThiswalletwasmadeinItaly.√3.Towritealetter.4.Standingunderthetree.5.Iwanttowritealetter.6.Isshort.7.Doyoulike?8.Thebushasarrived.9.Havefinishedmyassignment.10.Youshouldlisten.11.Sitdown.12.Youcan'thitme.13.Don'tinterrupt.14.Icomprehend.15.Hedoesn'tlikeme.16.Underthewater.17.Ate.18.Abottleofwater.19.He'sateacher.20.Whathappened?1.1.1主干成分主语（subject）：一句话的主体，全句述说的对象，常用名词或相当于名词的词担任，一般置于句首。E.g.Helovesdogs.谓语或谓语动词（predicateorpredicateverb）：说明主语的动作，常用动词担任，置于主语之后。E.g.Helovesdogs.谓语单一性：．一个简单句有且仅有一个谓语，由简单谓语或者并列谓语组成。B．在英语中，担任谓语成分的只能是动词。Wealwayshavetouseanobjectaftersomeverbs:need.e.g.beat,contain,enjoy,hit,及物动词（transitiveverb）：及物动词要求有直接宾语。intransitiveverb）：不及物动词可以有一个或两个（直接和间接）宾语或复合宾语。Shemarried.此处marry作不及物动词。Shemarriedhim.此处marry作及物动词。Notetheterms:Transitive:=followedbyanounorpronounobjectIntransitive:=notfollowedbyanounorpronounobjectType1:Verb+Preposition（transitive:e.g.Listentothisrecord.Listentoit.Listen!Type2:Verb+Particle（transitive）:e.g.Takeoffyourhat.Takeyourhatoff.Takeitoff.Type3:Verb+Particle（intransitive）:e.g.Hurryup!Sitdown!Type4:Verb+Particle+Prepositionmatches.（transitive）:e.g.We'verunoutofExercise1Type1:Verb+Preposition+ObjectSupplythemissingprepositions.1.Idon'tagreewithyourproposal.2.Mr.Whitesuffers_____asthma.3.Pleasedon'tinsist_____payingthefee.4.Iwouldn'tthink_____borrowingpencils.5.Thesetwopaintingsdiffer_____eachother.6.Choose_____thetwo.7.Wheredidyousee_____it?8.I'mdepending_____you.9.Wecanonlyguess_____thetruth.10.Pleasewait_____mymother.11.Knock_____thedoor.12.Ask_____themenu.13.Idon'tagree_____him.14.Howdoyouknow_____this?15.Doesthisscarfbelong_____you?16.Let'sbegin_____potatosoup.17.Canyoutook_____thechildrenfortomorrownight?18.Icouldn'twish_____anicerplacetowork.19.Wefailed_____ourattempttowinthecompetition.20.Youcan'treason_____him.21.Thispietastes_____onion.22.Idon'tbelieve_____tales.23.Isucceeded_____startingthenewbusiness.24.Thepolicearelooking_____themurders.Exercise2Type1:Verb+Object+Preposition+ObjectSupplythemissingprepositions.1.I'vearrangedatripforyou.2.Heaccusedme_____robbery.3.Youcan'tconcealthetruth_____me.4.Wouldyoukindlyexplainthis_____myboyfriend?5.Investsomefacilities_____thiscompany.6.Ican'tadviseyou_____yourpersonallife.7.Insureyourfarm_____stormdamage.8.Translatethispaper_____Spanishformyprofessor.9.I'llreserveaseat_____him.10.Youremindme_____mygrandma.11.Don'tassociateme_____them.12.Canyouforgiveme_____whatIdid?13.Theyrobbedme_____mybag.14.Don'trepeatthis_____anyone.15.Hecan'tblameme_____this.16.Annstolesmoney_____thefirm.Exercise3Fillintheblankswithin,at,for,from,of,on,outoforto.Useeachwordatleastonce.ISTHEREANYBODYHERE?AdentistinBavariahasbeenhauntedbyavoicewhichswears（）athimallthetime.Thevoicecomes（）_____lightsockets,washbasinsandthetelephone.Itisasharp,deepvoicewhichlaughs（_____thedentistandmockshim.Thepoordentistissuffering（）_____abadcaseofnerves.Recently,thevoicewasrecordedandbroadcasted,sonoweveryoneinBavariaislooking（）（）_____findingit.Peoplewho_____theghost,butsofarnoonehassucceededdon'tbelieve（）_____ghoststhinkitisjustapracticaljoke.Thevoicealwaysshouts（）_____thedentist,butspeakssweetly（）_____his17yearsoldassistant,Claudia.ButnoonecanblameClaudia（）_____thebehavioroftheghostoraccuseher（11_____playingtricks（_____herpoorboss.Engineersdon'tknowwhattomake（_____it."He'satechnicalgenius,”oneofthemsaid.Theghosthasresponded（_____allthisactivitybysaying.InathickBavarianaccent,"You'llnevergethold（）_____me!”Exercise4Type2:Verb+Particle+Object□Weneverbeatchildren.□Helaughed.3.Youcansay（me/whatyoulike）.4.Whosuggested（thisplan/you）?5.Sheconfessed（hercrime/thepolice）.6.Alicehaveneveradmitted（anyone/this.7.Canyoudescribe（me/thiswoman）?8.Pleasedon'ttellthis/anyone）.9.I'mgoingtoreport（this/thepresident）.Arrangethesewordsintherightorder.Thefirstletterofeachsentenceshouldbecapitalized.MarkeachrewrittensentencewithS,V,O,M,P,andTtoshow:Subject,Verb,Object,Manner（How?）,Place（Where?）,Time（When?）.1.till11o'clockthismorning|slept|thechildrenSThechildrenVsleptTtill11o'clockthismorning.2.thepapers|intothebin|Tim|threw3.she|doesn'tspeak|well|English4.hides|Mrs.Love|hergoldenring|underthebed5.carefully|thisluggage|She|didn'tpack6.onthebed|I|left|thismorning|myphone7.fromthebank|aloan|Susan|hastoget8.Myroommate'sphone|inthemiddleofthenight|hecampus|you|shouldn'twalk|atnight10.yourburger|you|shouldeat|slowly11.myterm|begins|inAugust12.youressay|I|quickly|lastnight|inbed|read表语（predicative）：位于系动词之后的对主语的描述成分。请圈出表语：☆Mr.Turnerisanartist.☆Iamfine.☆Shebecamealawyer.☆Thatsoundsgood.Exercise10Completethesesentencesusingdifferentcomplements.Markwhetherit'sanoun,anadjective,anadjective+noun,etc.1.Myneighborisverytall.2.Myneighboris_____.（adj.）3.Thispassionfruittastes_____.4.Thechildrenare_____.5.Themeetingis_____.6.Whoseisthis?It's_____.7.Johnlooks_____.8.Thatmusicsounds_____.9.Yourmotherseems_____.10.Iwanttobe_____whenIleaveschool.补语（complement）：用来补充主语和宾语的意义，一般都着重说明主语或宾语的特征，常由名词或形容词担任。请圈出补语：☆Hisjokemademelaugh.☆Ifoundthebookeasy.☆Ifoundaboycryinginthecorner.☆I'lllethimgo.基础句型：主干成分的五种组合方式。Choosethecorrecttypeofthefollowingsentences.1.Sheisateacher.□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC6.Pleasepassmesomesalt.7.Imarriedhimlastyearbecauseofthebaby.□SVOO□SVOC9.Shemarriedatayoungage.10.Thebooksareonthedesk.11.Isenthimanapplelastnight.□SVOC□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO12.Theweathergetshotinsummer.□SVOC13.Shelooksbeautiful.14.Overworkdoesn'tpay.□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC15.Myfatherboughtmeacar.□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO16.Thewaterinthebottleisclean.□SVOC17.Thesmellmademesick.□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC18.Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC19.Icouldn'teatanotherportion.□SVOC20.Timeflies.□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC21.Theflowersmellsgood.□SV□SVO□SVP□SVOO□SVOC配时），宾语补足语可以置于宾语之前，形成句式：主谓宾补宾。Exercise12Underlinetheobjectcomplements.1.TheJapaneseinvaderslaidwastethecityin1941.2.Tom,don'tletloosethedog,itwouldrunaway.3.Letgotheconceptsofterms,andcometotheveryessenceofthematter.4.Heprovedworthyofconfidencehisfriendswhohemadewithwhenhestudiedatuniversity.5.Electronicsdidinfactmakepossiblesoundsthatnoinstrumentuptothattimecouldproduce.6.Heawokeonemorningtofindseatedbesidehimanofficerwhocametoseeifhehadrecoveredfromhiswound.7.Atadistanceweheardroaringoverthestormyseabothwindsandthundersthatkeptthegreedytradesmenfromsailingon.8.Weholdinhighesteemtheimprovementofrelationsbetweenourtwocountries,thesolidfoundationforpromotingfriendshipandenhancingcooperationinthefuture.Exercise13Multiplechoices.1.Longbeforechildrenareabletospeakorunderstandalanguage,_____communicatethroughfacialexpressionsandbymakingnoises.（）however（B）they（）furthermore（）who2._____werestonespiledatintervals.（）Theearliestroadmarkers（B）Theearliestroadmarkers,which（）Roadmarkersweretheearliest（）Untiltheearliestroadmarkers3._____becameastatein1876.（）WhenColorado（B）Colorado（）ItwasColorado（）Colorado,which4._____,TheYearling,wonaPulitzerPrize.（）MarjorieRawlings'bestworkwas（B）MarjorieRawlings'bestwork（）HerbestworkwasMarjorieRawlings'（）ThatMarjorieRawlings'bestwork5.Whenwaterfreezesinthecracksofrocks,_____expands,causingtherockstobreakapart.（）it（B）but（）then（）and6.Thesecond-oldestcontinuouslyoccupiedgovernor'smansionintheUnitedStates_____Jackson,Mississippi.（）thelocationin（B）isthelocation（）islocatedin（）locatedin7.TheShermanAntitrustActof1890_____nearlyunanimouslythroughtheUnitedStatesCongress.（）passed（B）inpassage（）havingpassed（）passing8.OfthemillionswhosawHaley'scometin1986,howmanypeople_____longenoughtoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury.（）willtheylive（B）theywillbeliving（）willlive（）living9.Inmanyareastheslopeandtopographyoftheland_____excessrainfalltorunoffintoanaturaloutlet.（）neitherpermit（B）withoutpermitting（）norpermitting（）donotpermit10.Manygases,includingthenitrogenandoxygeninair,_____colororodor.（）haveno（B）whichhaveno（）nothaving（）theydonothave11.Physicshasretained_____.（）itsoriginalaim（B）itaimedoriginally（）itsoriginalaimwas（）aimingoriginally12.Adhesionsare_____formedwithinthebodyinresponsetoinflammationorinjury.（）thatthinbandsofscartissue（B）theythinbandsofscartissuewhen（）thinbandsofscartissue（）thinbandsofscartissueableto13._____alonelyandruggedlife,farfromhomeandfamily.（）Howevertheearlygoldprospectoroftenlived（B）Theearlygoldprospectoroftenlived（）Notonlydidtheearlygoldprospectoroftenlive（）Theearlygoldprospectoroftenliving14.DuringaneclipseoftheSun,_____intheshadowoftheMoon.（）theEarthlies（B）theEarthwhenlying（）thattheEarthlies（）thelyingEarth15._____socialnestingbirdsthatbuildtheirnestsintreesandoncliffs.（）Themoststorks（B）Mostarestorks（）Moststorksare（）Storksmost16.InanareafirstexploredbySamueldeChamplain,_____.（）establishmentofthecityofHalifaxin1749（B）in1749thecityofHalifaxestablished（）in1749,establishingthecityofHalifax（）thecityofHalifaxwasestablishedin1749Exercise14Correctthesentences.1.TheAppalachianMountains（）formationanaturalbarrier（B）betweentheeasternseaboardandthevast（lowlandsofthecontinental（）interiorofNOrthAmerica.2.Foundin（Awildwoodsand（stonyplaces,theCanterburybellnever（）floweringuntilthesecond（andfinal）（）summerofitslife.3.ChoreographerMarthaGraham's（pioneeringtechnique,designedtoexpress（Binneremotionthroughdanceforms,（representativethefirstreal（）alternativetoclassicalballet.4.Tariffs（preventingthemostefficientuseoftheworld's（Bresourcesby（）restrictingdivisionoflaborto（D）nationalboundaries.Exercise15Theunderlinedsentencesare:A.SubjectB.ObjectC.Predicative1.Whathecandoistotakethecryingbabyhome.2.Weknowthatyoumustbehungry.3.ThatiswhyIcameherelate.athree-quartermajorityafamousAmericanuniversityanewplasticbucket2.aninterestinglittleredFrenchoilpainting3.purplevelvetcurtains2.Amansodifficulttopleasemustbehardtoworkwith.3.Shehasalotofhouseworktodo.4.Herspeechyesterdaywasasignalthatherviewshavechanged.5.Thelifetomorrowwillbemorecomfortable.6.Thisistheshortestwayleadingtothestation.7.Thefriendshipbetweenthetwocountrieswilllastforever.8.Theboatsafloatwerenotseenbytheenemy.9.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.10.ThewatchesmadeinSwitzerlandareveryexpensive.11.AlbertEinsteinwasthefirsttosuggesttheexistenceofstimulatedemissioninapaperpublishedin1917.12.Themodemautomobileisasystemofcomplextechnicalcomposedofmorethan14,000parts.13.Theincreasedvalueplacedontheideaofthefamilyalsohelpstoexplainthisriseinbirthrates.14.Ourviewsaboutthenatureoftheearlyplantandanimalcommunitiesarenowbeingrevised.Exercise3Fillintheblanks.1.TheonlywaytoprotectthisfragileandimportantpartoftheplanetistostoptouristsfromtravelingtoAntarctica（南极）.该句的非谓语动词是：____________________它所表达的含义是：_______________（被动完成/将来目的/主动进行）2.Inaddition,waterheatedgeothermally（地热地）cancontainsaltsandtoxicmaterialsdissolvedfromthehotrock.该句的非谓语动词是：____________________它所表达的含义是：_______________（被动完成/将来目的/主动进行）3.Whenyougoonline,youcanfindmanywebsitesofferingproductsandservicessuchasmedicaltreatmentandlegaladvice.该句的非谓语动词是：____________________它所表达的含义是：_______________（被动完成/将来目的/主动进行）小结：不定式作定语，表示将来目的。过去分词作定语，表示被动完成。现在分词作定语，表示主动进行。注意：主句中谓语动词的识别。Exercise4FillintheBlanks.1.Watercirculated（循环）throughheatreservoirsinthistemperaturerangeisabletoextractenoughheattowarmresidentialindustrialspaces.（住宅的）,commercial,and句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从_____到_____（填写单词）。2.Athirdfossilformationcontainingbothsoft-bodiedandhard-bodiedanimalsprovidesevidenceoftheresultoftheCambrianexplosion.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从_____到_____（填写单词）。3.TheprincipalseagoingshipusedthroughouttheMiddleAgeswasthegalley,along,lowshipfittedwithsailsbutdrivenprimarilybyoars.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从_____到_____（填写单词）。4.Infact,alackofunderstandingconcerningthepurposesofEgyptian（埃及的）arthasoftenledittobecomparedunfavorably（相反地）withtheartofothercultures.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从_____到_____（填写单词）。5.OfthevarioushypothesesattemptingtoaccountforthelateCretaceousextinctions,theonethathasattractedthemostattentioninrecentyearsistheasteroid-impacthypothesisfirstsuggestedbyLuisandWalterAlvarez.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从_____到_____（填写单词）。小结：之前。Exercise5Findouttheheadwordsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentences.例：Theabilityoffallingcatstorightthemselvesinmidairandlandontheirfeethasbeenasourceofwonderforages.下落的猫在半空中调正身体并用脚着陆的能力1.Separatesubterraneanroomsinthesepueblosknownaskivasorchapelsweresetasideforreligiousceremonials.2.TheMilkyWayisaspiralgalaxy,aflattishdiscofstarswithtwospiralarmsemergingfromitscentralnucleus.3.Themostdistantluminousobjectsseenbytelescopesareprobablytenthousandmillionlightyearsaway.4.AlargecollectionofmaterialsfocusedonLouisiana'shistoryandcultureisprovidedbytheWilliamsResearchCenterinNewOrleans.5.Theconfusionandcongestionofindividualcitizenslookingfortheirletterswasitselfenoughtodiscourageuseofthemail.6.Atadepthof5atmospheres,nitrogencausessymptomsresemblingalcoholintoxicationknownasnitrogennarcosis.7.Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.8.Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectivesonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.（）状语8.Thisincident,happeningattherighttime,hashelpedourcareer.9.Alberthassomuchworktodothatheisstayinglateattheoffice.10.I'vebeenfeelingslightlyillforaweek.11.Thereweresomethirtypeoplethere.12.Wechattedaswewalkedalong.13.Atthemomenthe'soutofwork.14.Aftertakingmynameandaddress,heaskedmealotofquestions15.Toavoidthisevent,adivermustascentslowly,neveratarateexceedingtheriseoftheexhaledairbubbles,andmustexhaleduringascent.16.Itisnowonderthat,duringtheyearsofthesecumbersomearrangements,privateletter-carryingandexpressbusinessesdeveloped.17.Nineteenth-centurywritersintheUnitedStates,whethertheywrotenovels,shortstories,poemsorplayswerepowerfullydrawntotherailroadinitsgoldenyears.18.Thecareofchildrenduringtheiryearsofrelativehelplessnessgraduallyappearstohavebeenthechiefincentivefortheevolutionoffamilystructures.19.Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromontreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.20.Thesewriterswhocangenuinelybesaidtohavecreatedagenre,the"railroadnovel"arenowmostlyforgotten,theirnameshavingfadedfrommemory.（）同位语1.Shewasdressedingrey,thecolorofapigeons'feathers.5.London,thecapitalofGreatBritain,liesastridetheThamesinSouthCentralEngland.6.Someanimals,forexamplethefoxandsquirrel,havebushytails.11.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.12.Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.（）插入语插入语举例：indeed,surely,obviously,naturally/generally/personallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,needlesstosay,mostimportantofallbytheway,inafewwords/insum/inshort,inotherwords,ingeneral,inone'sopinion/judgment,infact,inthefirstplace,ofcourse,toone'sknowledge/surprise/satisfactiontobesure,tosumup,totellthetruth,tobehonest,tobeshort,toconclude…常需要跳读。ExerciseUnderlinetheparenthesesofthesentences.1.Business,hereflected,appearedasbriskasever.2.Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.3.Tomakethingsworse,manyofthemenhavegoneofftocitiesinsearchofhigherpay.4.Theargumentthathumans,eveninprehistorictimes,hadsomenumbersense,atleasttotheextentofrecognizingtheconceptsofmoreandlesswhensomeobjectswereaddedtoortakenawayfromasmallgroup,seemsfair,forstudieshaveshownthatsomeanimalspossesssuchasense.●第一张表告诉你todo,V-ing和V-ed到底是什么？请判断下列句中的V-ing分别是什么成分？6.Haveyoufinishedcorrectingthestudents'paper?7.TheyarewatchingTV.1.IfoundmostofthepopulationsettledintheSouth.2.Everybodywasexcitedtohearthenews.3.Severalkindsofbirdsfeedoninsectscattle.4.ThegirlnamedthenewbornpuppySpot.5.Foundedin1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.3.分词作定语识别：有修饰对象处理方式，即放在名词之前翻译4.分词作状语识别：不可接宾语或作主语，无修饰对象处理方式，即先拆除，再还原-ed形式的三种可能：1.动词识别：周边无动词处理方式，即理解为过去的动作2.分词作定语识别：有修饰对象，且周边有动词处理方式，即放在名词之前翻译，表被动3.分词作状语识别：周边有动词处理方式，即先拆除，再还原Exercise1Multiplechoices.1._____towardthepodium,Juliatriedtorememberhowshe'ddeliveredherspeechduringthepracticesessionyesterday.A.WalkingB.TowalkC.WalkingwasD.Shewalked2.WolfgangAmadeusMozartisacomposer_____todayforhisshortbutproductivecareer.A.rememberedB.isrememberedC.rememberingD.heisremembered3.Butassoonashethoughtit,abeautifulpinkflower_____onthepathbeforehim.Hebentinforacloserlook.A.appearingB.appearedC.wasappearedD.toappear4.Thus,therecanbenodoubtthatthearchitecturalfield_____byGehry'artisticcontributions.A.receivingB.toreceiveC.hasreceivedD.hasbeenreceived5.TheBrooklynBridge_____toconnectManhattanandBrooklyn.A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.buildingExercise2Findtheverbsandnon-finiteverbsofthesentences.1.Moreover,recentresearchonobsidiantoolsfoundatOlmecsiteshasshownthatsomeoftheobsidianobtainedbytheOlmecsoriginatednearTeotihuacán.谓语动词：非谓语动词：2.Althoughinitiallyappealing,thehypothesisofasimpleclimaticchangerelatedtosealevelsisinsufficienttoexplainallthedata.谓语动词：非谓语动词：3.Intheseventeenthcentury,thetradingactivitiesoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyresultedinvastquantitiesofdecoratedChineseporcelainbeingbroughttoEurope.谓语动词：非谓语动词：4.Aworseningoftheplightofdeerwastobeexpectedassettlersencroachedontheland,logging,burning,andclearing,eventuallyreplacingawildernesslandscapewithroads,cities,towns,andfactories.谓语动词：非谓语动词：5.Thecultureofthattime,basedonarchaeologyandlinguisticreconstruction,isassumedtohavehadabroadinventoryofcultivatedplantsincludingtaro,yarns,banana,sugarcane,breadfruit,coconut,sago,andrice.谓语动词：非谓语动词：句法1.1简单句ExerciseSentencesthatneedticking:2,5,8,10,11,12,13,15,19,主干成分Exercise1Type1:Verb+Preposition+Object1.with/to2.from3.on4.of5.from6.between7.about8.on9.at10.for11.at12.for13.with14.about15.to16.with17.after18.for19.in20.with21.of22.in23.in24.forExercise2Type1:Verb+Object+Preposition+Object1.for2.of3.from4.to5.in6.about7.against8.from/into9.for10.of11.with12.for13.of14.to15.for16.fromExercise3（）.at（）.outof/from（）.at（）.from（）.for（）.in（）.in（）.at（）.to（）.for（）.of（）.on（）.of（）.to（）.ofExercise4Type2:Verb+Particle+Object1.E2.I3.L4.N5.J6.F7.K8.M9.O10.B11.A12.D13.H14.G15.CExercise5Type3:Verb+Particle（intransitive）1.B2.H3.J4.E5.M6.F7.Q8.O9.C/D10.P11.I12.N13.A14.L15.K16.C/D17.GExercise6Type4:Verb+Particle+Preposition+Object1.E2.L3.B4.T5.I6.N7.G8.K9.Q10.S11.P12.J13.O14.A15.R16.D17.F18.H19.M20.CExercise71.thiscameratotheCustoms2.metoyourfamily/yourfamilytome3.whatyouliketome4.thisplantoyou5.hercrimetothepolice6.thistoanyone7.thiswomantome8.thistoanyone9.thistothepresident10.whatItoldyoutoMr.PotterExercise8Thetwomeaningsof"for"insteadof:2,4,6,7,9foryour/mybenefit:1,3,5,8,10Exercise91.SThechildrenVsleptTtill11o'clockthismorning.2.STimVthrewOthepapersPintothebin.3.SSheVdoesn'tspeakOEnglishMwell.4.SMrs.LoveVhidesOhergoldenringPunderthebed.5.SSheVdidn'tpackOthisluggageMcarefully.6.SIVleftOmyphonePonthebedTthismorning.（or:TThismorningSIVleftOmyphonePonthebed.）7.SSusanVhastogetOaloanPfromthebank.8.SMyroommate'sphoneV/OwokemeupTinthemiddleofthenight.（or:TInthemiddleofthenightSmyroommate'sphoneV/Owokemeup.9.SYouVshouldn'twalkPinthecampusTatnight.10.SYouVshouldeatOyourburgerMslowly.）11.SMytermVbeginsTinAugust.12.SIVreadOyouressayMquicklyPinbedTlastnight.（or:TLastnightSIVreadOyouressayMquicklyPinbed.）Exercise101.tall（adj.）2.adriver（n.）3.sweet（adj.）4.intheamusingpark（placephrase）5.at8:00（timephrase）6.hers（possessivenoun）7.likehisgrandma（prepositionalphrase）8.loud（adj.）9.aniceperson（adj.+n.）10.ateacher（n.）Exercise111.Sheisateacher.√SVP2.Mymotherboughtmeanecklace.√SVOC3.Hearrivedlateasusual.4.IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglish.5.Ifeelcold.√SVP6.Pleasepassmesomesalt.7.Imarriedhimlastyearbecauseofthebaby.8.Iamtired.√SVP√SV√SVOC√SVOO√SVO9.Shemarriedatayoungage.10.Thebooksareonthedesk.11.Isenthimanapplelastnight.√SV√SVP√SVOO√SVP12.Theweathergetshotinsummer.13.Shelooksbeautiful.√SVP√SV√SVOO√SVP14.Overworkdoesn'tpay.15.Myfatherboughtmeacar.16.Thewaterinthebottleisclean.17.Thesmellmademesick.√SVOC18.Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.19.Icouldn'teatanotherportion.20.Timeflies.√SV√SVP√SVO21.Theflowersmellsgood.√SVPExercise121.TheJapaneseinvaderslaidwastethecityin1941.2.Tom,don'tletloosethedog,itwouldrunaway.3.Letgotheconceptsofterms,andcometotheveryessenceofthematter.4.Heprovedworthyofconfidencehisfriendswhohemadewithwhenhestudiedatuniversity.5.Electronicsdidinfactmakepossiblesoundsthatnoinstrumentuptothattimecouldproduce.6.Heawokeonemorningtofindseatedbesidehimanofficerwhocametoseeifhehadrecoveredfromhiswound.7.Atadistanceweheardroaringoverthestormyseabothwindsandthundersthatkeptthegreedytradesmenfromsailingon.8.Weholdinhighesteemtheimprovementofrelationsbetweenourtwocountries,thesolidfoundationforpromotingfriendshipandenhancingcooperationinthefuture.Exercise131.答案：（B）分析：谓语动词communicate前面缺主语，应在答案中选择名词或代词作主语。（B）中代词they可作主语。（）和（）既非代词也非名词，不能作主语；（）用在疑问句或从句中。2.答案：（）分析：本句有系动词但缺少主语，应在答案中选名词性的词组，即（A）。3.答案：（B）（B）是（专有）名词，其余均是句子或从句形式。4.答案：（B）BC）含从句形式，均与原句不符。5.答案：（）分析：空格前为when引导的从句，从句后应是主句。主句有谓语expands但缺主语，应在答案中选择名词或代词充当主语。（）是代词，其他三个选项均是连词或副词。6.答案：（）分析：句子缺少谓语，根据locate表示位于某地的固定搭配belocatedin）。（）缺少谓语；（B）的句意不通。7.答案：（）分析：句子缺少谓语，只有（）可以作谓语。8.答案：（）分析：本句有主语但缺少谓语动词，所以选择能作谓语的（）。（A）和（B）的结构有误，而且都重复了主语they；（）不是谓语动词形式。9.答案：（）neither对应的B）和（）不能作谓语，故选（）。10.答案：（）分析：空格处显然缺少谓语动词。（）谓语动词，正解；（B）使句子变成从句因而缺少主句；（）不能作谓语；（）主语重复。11.答案：（）分析：句子缺少宾语，只有（）项的“物主代词形容词名词”符合名词修饰语序，可以用作宾语。12.答案：（））。（BD）后面的when和ableto都无法与formed连接。13.答案：（B）notonly应该与butalso搭配。14.答案：（）B）构成主语从句，但句中缺少主句，不正确；（）同（B）一样，使句子缺少谓语。15.答案：（）分析：句中缺少主语和谓语，故（C）正确。（A）使句子缺少谓语；（B）使句子宾语重复；（）使句子缺少谓语。16.答案：（）分析：空格处缺少句子的主干成分，只有（）能构成完整的句子。（）BExercise141.答案：A分析：该句缺少谓语，根据句意，将formation由名词改为动词形式，后面接宾语anaturalbarrier。改正：formation→form道天然障碍。2.答案：C分析：逗号后面的部分为句子主干，但缺少谓语。根据句意可知flower为谓语动词，故不能用现在分词。改正：flowering→flowerCanterburybell）分布于野生森林中和多石地区，它直到生命中的第二个（也是最后一个）夏天才开花。3.答案：C分析：抛开两个逗号间的插入语找到句子主干，可以看出句中缺少谓语。representative为形容词，故应改为动词。由于名词为单数，所以谓语动词为第三人称单数形式。改正：representative→represents参考译文：舞蹈设计师玛莎格雷厄姆的开创性表演技巧——通过舞蹈的形式来表达角色的内心情感——代表了除传统芭蕾之外的第一种真正的舞蹈表现形式。4.答案：A分析：句子缺少谓语，故将非谓语动词preventing还原成谓语动词。改正：preventing→preventExercise151.A2.B3.C1.1.2修饰成分（）定语Exercise11.anelegantGermanclock2.aninterestinglittleredFrenchoilpainting3.purplevelvetcurtains4.Thenewly-weddedcoupleboughtalargeroundgreenDanish-madebed.Exercise21.Heistheonlymanaliveintheaccident.2.Amansodifficulttopleasemustbehardtoworkwith.3.Shehasalotofhouseworktodo.4.Herspeechyesterdaywasasignalthatherviewshavechanged.5.Thelifetomorrowwillbemorecomfortable.6.Thisistheshortestwayleadingtothestation.7.Thefriendshipbetweenthetwocountrieswilllastforever.8.Theboatsafloatwerenotseenbytheenemy.9.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.10.ThewatchesmadeinSwitzerlandareveryexpensive.11.AlbertEinsteinwasthefirsttosuggesttheexistenceofstimulatedemissioninapaperpublishedin1917.12.Themodemautomobileisasystemofcomplextechnicalcomposedofmorethan14,000parts.13.Theincreasedvalueplacedontheideaofthefamilyalsohelpstoexplainthisriseinbirthrates.14.Ourviewsaboutthenatureoftheearlyplantandanimalcommunitiesarenowbeingrevised.Exercise31.该句的非谓语动词是：toprotect它所表达的含义是：将来目的2.该句的非谓语动词是：heated它所表达的含义是：被动完成3.该句的非谓语动词是：offering它所表达的含义是：主动进行Exercise41.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从circulated到range。2.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从containing到animals。3.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从used到Ages。4.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从concerning到Egyptianart。5.句子中非谓语动词作定语的部分是从attempting到extinctions。Exercise51.Separatesubterraneanroomsinthesepueblosknownaskivasorchapelsweresetasideforreligiousceremonials.在这些被称为基瓦会堂或者小教堂的印第安人村庄里的单独地下屋子2.TheMilkyWayisaspiralgalaxy,aflattishdiscofarmsemergingfromitscentralnucleus.starswithtwospiral一个从中央核里面浮现出两只螺旋臂状物的略平的星体盘状物3.Themostdistantluminousobjectsseenbytelescopesareprobablytenthousandmillionlightyearsaway.望远镜所能观测到的最远的发光体4.AlargecollectionofmaterialsfocusedonLouisiana'shistoryandcultureisprovidedbytheWilliamsResearchCenterinNewOrleans.针对路易斯安那的历史和文化的大量资料集5.Theconfusionandcongestionofindividualcitizenslookingfortheirletterswasitselfenoughtodiscourageuseofthemail.个体公民寻找他们信件的混乱和拥挤6.Atadepthof5atmospheres,nitrogencausesalcoholintoxicationknownasnitrogennarcosis.symptomsresembling被称为氮麻醉的类似酒精中毒的症状7.Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.16世纪晚期可视光显微镜的发明一个之前不为人知的单细胞的动植物王国8.Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectivesonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.显微镜技术的每一次进步（）状语Exercise1.Donacoveredherfacewithherhand.介词短语作状语2.Thegirlisremarkablybeautiful.副词作状语3.Tokillbugs,spraythearearegularly.副词作状语4.Atthetopwestoppedtolookattheview.介词短语作状语5.Wehavewalkedthisfarwithoutstopping.介词短语作状语6.Arrivingatthestation,welearnedthatthetrainhadalreadygone.分词短语作状语7.Thegirlisimprovingremarkably.副词作状语8.Thisincident,happeningattherighttime,hashelpedourcareer.作状语分词短语从句作9.Alberthassomuchworktodothatheisstayinglateattheoffice.状语10.I'vebeenfeelingslightlyillforaweek.副词作状语11.Thereweresomethirtypeoplethere.副词作状语12.Wechattedaswewalkedalong.从句作状语13.Atthemomenthe'soutofwork.介词短语作状语14.Aftertakingmynameandaddress,heaskedmealotofquestions.介词短语作状语15.Toavoidthisevent,adivermustascentslowly,neveratarateexceedingtheriseoftheexhaledairbubbles,andmustexhaleduringascent.介词短语作状语16.Itisnowonderthat,duringtheyearsofthesecumbersomearrangements,privateletter-carryingandexpressbusinessesdeveloped.介词短语作状语17.Nineteenth-centurywritersintheUnitedStates,whethertheywrotenovels,shortstories,poemsorplays,werepowerfullydrawntotherailroadinitsgoldenyears.从句作状语18.Thecareofchildrenduringtheiryearsofrelativehelplessnessgraduallyappearstohavebeenthechiefincentivefortheevolutionoffamilystructures.介词短语作状语19.Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitisharderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewidegapsfromontreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.介词短语作状语20.Thesewriterswhocangenuinelybesaidtohavecreatedagenre,the"railroadnovel"arenowmostlyforgotten,theirnameshavingfadedfrommemory.独立主格作状语（）同位语Exercise1.Shewasdressedingrey,thecolorofapigeons'feathers.名词短语名词短语名词短语名词短语2.We,hisstudents,listenedeagerly,busilytakingdownhiswords.3.MarilynMonroe,afamousmoviestar,committedsuicide.4.Iampleasedwithonlyoneboy,namely,George.5.London,thecapitalofGreatBritain,liesastridetheThamesinSouthCentralEngland.名词短语/of结构6.Someanimals,forexamplethefoxandsquirrel,havebushytails.forexample结构7.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch"re-engineering"hasbeencrude.名词短语8.Asfundingfo