2023大学英语四级阅读练习题

2023大学英语四级阅读练习题36、Questions36-46arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschool36_________,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobmustbe37_________onatthesametime.Becausewedependso38_________uponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproduce39_________inmanyfields.Becausewcliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,to40_________theworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducarsandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceis41_________bytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalsciences,thesocialsciences,andtheartsbutalsorelative42_________amongthenaturalsciencestbemselves.

Similarly,wcmusthaveabalancebetweencurrentand43_________knowledge.Theattentionofthepublicis44_________drawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,45_________materialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

A.awarded

B.heavily

C.classical

D.display

E.established

F.system

G.involved

H.defeated

I.continually

J.specially

K.emphases

L.establishment

M.specialists

N.carded

O.judge

第(36)题__________.

37、第(37)题__________.

38、第(38)题__________.

39、第(39)题__________.

40、第(40)题__________.

41、第(41)题__________.

42、第(42)题__________.

43、第(43)题__________.

44、第(44)题__________.

45、第(45)题__________.

SectionB

46、

BeautyandBodyImageintheMedia

A.Imagesoffemalebodiesareeverywhere.Women—andtheirbodyparts--selleverythingfromfoodtocars.Popularfilmandtelevisionactressesarebecomingyounger,tallerandthinner.Somehaveevenbeenknowntofaintonthesetfromlackoffood.Womensmagazinesarefullarticlesurgingthatiftheycanjustlosethoselasttwentypounds,theyllhaveitall—theperfectmarriage,lovingchildren,greatsex,andarewardingcareer

B.Whyarcstandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodels?Theroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintain,thecosmeticanddietproductindustriesarcassuredofgrowthandprofits.Anditsnoaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsuretheyreallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomensHealthinits2023report.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.

C.Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesarcmorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion(U.S..ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90%to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight..Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.

D.TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosaRelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol--includingfasting,skippingmeals,excessiveexercise,laxative(泻药.abuse,andself-inducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:theCanadianWomensHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsasyoungas5and6.Americanstatisticsaresimilar.Severalstudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemannandLevinaClarkin2023titledAppearanceCulturein9-to12-Year-OldGirls:MediaandPeerInfluencesonBodyDissatisfaction,indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresulthaveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In2023,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.MediaactivistJeanKilbourneconcludesthat,Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadandthetelevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.

E.Perhapsthemostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmallnumberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,forexample,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbetoonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywouldsufferfromchronicdiarrhea(慢性腹泻.andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,PresidentofMattel(whichmanufacturesBarbie.,estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycansufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.In2023itwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomenwereaffectedbyaneatingdisorder.

F.Researchersreportthatwomensmagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweightlossthanmensmagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomensmagazinesincludeatleastonemessageabouthowtochangeawomansbodilyappearance--bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery.Televisionandmoviesreinforcetheimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawomansworth.CanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesareunderweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies(Howaboutwearingasack?.,and80percentofthesenegativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.

G.Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck(抵制，抵抗.thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebecmagazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandChatelainehaspledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworldsbiggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin2023.FurthermoreSpainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaserbeamisusedtomeasurereallifewomensbodiesinordertofindthemosttreetolifemeasurement.

H.Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.A2023studyconductedbyJuanitaCovertandTravisDixontitledAChangingView:RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenofColorinMainstreamWomensMagazinesfoundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationofwomenofc01our,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomensmagazinesfrom1999to2023.

I.Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeautytellsordinarywomenthattheyarealwaysinneedofadjustment--andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected.JeanKilboumearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatrealwomensbodieshavebecomeinvisibleinthemassmedia。Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmanywomeninternalizethesestereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustrysstandards.Womenlearntocomparethemselvestootherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention:Thisfocusonbeautyanddesirabilityeffectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.

依据以上内容，回答46-56题.

AreportinTeenmagazineshowedthat50%to70%girlswithnormalweightthinkthattheyneedtoloseweight.

47、Onthewhole,for6yearswhitewomenhadbeenoccupyingmuchmorespaceinmainstreamwomensmagazinessince1999.

48、Somenegativeeffectssuchasdepressionandunhealthyeatinghabitsinfemalesarerelatedtotheirbeingexposedtoimagesofthinandyoungfemalebodies.

49、Themassmediahashelpedboostthecosmeticandthedietindustries.

50、Itisreportedthatthereisatleastonemessageaboutthemethodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearanceonmorethanthree-quartersofthecoversofwomensmagazines.

51、Somefilmandtelevisionactressesevenfaintonthesceneduetoeatingtoolittle.

52、Toomuchconcernwithappearancemakesitimpossibletochangesuchabnormaltrend.

53、ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswouldeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.

54、TheQuebecmagazineCoupdePouceresiststhetrendbyconsistentlyincludingfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesforseveralyears.

55、Accordingtosomeanalysts,thefundamentalreasonofimposingstandardsofbeautyonwomeniseconomicSectionC

56、Questions56-61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warisanancientinstitutionwhichhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysbadandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Moderningenuity(制造力.haschangedthis.EitherManwillabolishwar,orwarwillabolishMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponsthatcausethemostseriousdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweapons,maybeforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceedinabolishingnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinabolishingwar.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notascontestsofforec,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople,butbyarbitration(调解.inaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeveryoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.

Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionoft_hisorthatideologywouldpreventwar.Ibelievethistobeabigerror.Allideologiesarebasedondogmatic(教条式的.statementswhichare,atbest,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.Theiradherentsbelieveinthemfanatically(狂热地.thattheyarewillingtogotowarinsupportofthem.

Themovementofworldopinionduringthepastfewyearshasbeenverylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplace(老生长谈.thatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficultproblemsremainintheworld,butthespiritinwhichtheyarebeingapproachedisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythepowerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiationsshouldreachagreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.Ithasbeguntobeunderstoodthattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweendifferentcountries,butbetweenManandtheatombomb.

Thispassageimpliesthatwarnowis_________

A.worsethaninthepast

B.asbadasinthepast

C.notsodangerousasinthepast

D.asnecessaryasinthepast

57、InthesentenceTodothis,weneedtopersuademankind...(Line6,Para.1),thisrefersto_________

A.solvinginternationalproblems

B.improvingweapons

C.abolishingwar

D.livingapeacefullife

58、FromParagraph2welearnthattheauthorofthepassage

A.isasupporterofsomemodemideologies

B.doesnotthinkthattheadoptionofanyideologycouldpreventwar

C.believesthattheadoptionofsomeideologiescouldpreventwar

D.hasnodoubtaboutthetruthofanyideologies

59、Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat_________

A.internationalagreementscanbereachedmoreeasilynow

B.manbeginstorealizethedangerofnuclearwar

C.nuclearwarwilldefinitelynottakeplace

D.worldopinionwelcomesnuclearwar

60、Accordingtotheauthor,_________.

A.waristheonlywaytosolveinternatioualdisputes

B.warwillbelessdangerousbecauseoftheimprovementofweapons

C.itisimpossibleformantolivewithoutwar

D.warmustbeabolishedifmanwantstosurvive61、Questions{TSE}arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ausefuldefinitionofanairpollutantisacompoundaddeddirectlyorindirectlybyhumanstotheatmosphereinsuchquantitiesastoaffecthumans,animals,vegetation,ormaterialadversely(有害地..Airpollutionrequiresaveryflexibledefinitionthatpermitscontinuouschange.WhenthefirstairpollutionlawswereestablishedinEnglandinthefourteenthcentury,airpollutantswerelimitedtocompoundsthatcouldbeseenorsmelled—afarcry(悬殊的差别.fromtheextensivelistofharmfulsubstancesknowntoday.Astechnologyhasdevelopedandknowledgeofthehealthaspectsofvariouschemicalshasincreased,thelistofairpollutantshaslengthened.Inthefuture,evenwatervapor(水蒸气.mightbeconsideredanairpollutantundercertainconditions.

Manyofthemoreimportantairpollutants,suchassulfuroxides,carbonmonoxide,andnitrogenoxides,arefoundinnature.AstheEarthdeveloped,theconcentrations(浓度.ofthesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemicalreactions;theybecamecomponentsinbiogeochemical(生物地球化学的.cycles.Theseserveasanairpurificationschemebyallowingthecompoundstomovefromtheairtothewaterorsoil.Onaglobalbasis,naturesoutputofthesecompoundsdwarfsthatresultingfromhumanactivities.However,humanproductionusuallyoccursinalocalizedarea,suchasacity.

Inthislocalizedregion,humanoutputmaybedominantandmaytemporarilyoverloadthenaturalpurificationschemeofthecycles.Theresultisanincreasedconcentrationofnoxious(有害的.chemicalsintheair.Theconcentrationsatwhichtheadverseeffectsappearwillbegreaterthantheconcentrationsthatthepollutantswouldhaveintheabsenceofhumanactivities.Theactualconcentrationneednotbelargeforasubstancetobeapollutant;infactthenumericalvaluetellsuslittleuntilweknowhowmuchofanincreasethisrepresentsovertheconcentrationthatwouldoccurnaturallyinthearea.Forexample,sulfurdioxidehasdetectablehealtheffectsat0.08partspermillion(ppm.,whichisabout400timesitsnaturallevel.Carbonmonoxid