膜制造与分离(组件)

membranes现在是1页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日膜过程的驱动力压力驱动RO,NF，UF,MF其它过程-渗析（浓度差）电渗析（电位差）现在是2页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日membrane进料透过浓缩压力驱动的膜过滤膜

MF

UF

NF

RO孔尺寸减小泵压力增加现在是3页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日实验室膜制备实例高分子材料

(PAN,PES,CA,PVDF).铸膜液制备：聚合物+有机溶剂(NMP,DMF,acetone等易与水互溶).添加其它助剂(pore-formersornon-solvents).凝固浴（主要用水和其它聚合物不良溶剂构成，通过相分离产生‘thepores’和‘themembranebody’)现在是4页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日必需品PES聚合物NMP溶剂水玻璃片刮膜器

NMP甲基吡咯烷酮PES聚醚酚现在是5页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日PolySulfon(PS)PSinNMPsolution现在是6页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Cleaningglassplatesimportantglassplates现在是7页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日FillingtheknifewithPSsolutionMembraneknife(0,2mm)现在是8页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Creatingamembranefilm现在是9页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Putslowlyinthewaterfor….Moveverygentlytoleft现在是10页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日MembraneisfloatingaftercoagulationAftercoagulation现在是11页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日TakeofamembraneOutofthewater现在是12页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Thephotooftheproducedmembrane现在是13页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Makesheetsofitinamodule现在是14页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Makeamoduleofit现在是15页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Morethanonemembrane现在是16页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日SubmergeinaMBRtank现在是17页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日现在是18页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日膜结构PorousvsNonPorousHydrophilicvsHydrophobicPolymericvsInorganicHydrophilic亲水

Hydrophobic疏水现在是19页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Porous…………NonPorous

Symmetric……AsymmetricDense(Nonporous)PorousSymmetricPorousasymmetricRO,NFUF,MFMFSkinSupport现在是20页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日PorousSymmetricMembranesNucleporeMembrane核径迹成孔CelluloseMembrane现在是21页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Symmetricmembrane现在是22页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日AsymmetricMembranesDenseLayerPoroussupportFiberSupport现在是23页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Poresize现在是24页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Ceramicmembranepictures(CEM)现在是25页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Membranestructurestructure:symmetricasymmetric

shapes:flatsheettubular:tube (d>3mm)capillary (0.5<d<3.0mm)hollowfibre (d<0.5mm)现在是26页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日ModuleshapesFlatSheetSpiralWoundTubularHollowFiberContainedvsSubmerged现在是27页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Flatsheetmodule现在是28页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日PlateandFrameModuleUFPolyacrylonitrile(PAN)Polyvinylidenefluoride(PVF)Polysulfone(PS)SulfonatedPolysulfone(SPS)现在是29页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Tubularandcapillarymembranes

现在是30页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Tubularmembrane现在是31页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Tubularmembranes(contained)现在是32页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日HollowFiber(capillar)OutsideInVSInsideOutFromCatalogofToray现在是33页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Capillary8inchmodule现在是34页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Monolith(demo)InorganicMembranes-CeramicMF,UFRecentlyNF-Porousglass-Zirconium现在是35页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日CeramictubesFlatsheets现在是36页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日现在是37页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Spiral-WoundRO/NFModuleFlowINSpacerMembranePermeateConcentrate现在是38页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日现在是39页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Youcanmakeyourownspiralwoundmoduletoday!!!TwoA4papersCottonsheetA4(ifavailable)ShearstocutGlueforpaperPlastictubewithaslid(prefabricated)现在是40页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日ReverseOsmose-installation现在是41页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日+/-variousconfigurations现在是42页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Dead－endandCross－flowOperationmodes现在是43页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Membranefiltrationdead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeed现在是44页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日MembranefiltrationcrossflowWastewaterPermeateconcentratefeedmembraneAirinjection现在是45页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Dead-endFiltrationtimeYieldCakeThickness现在是46页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Cross-flowfiltrationtimeCakeThicknessYield现在是47页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Semidead-endfiltration现在是48页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Cross-flowfiltrationAdvantages:turbulentflowcontinuousconcentratedischargecontrolofcake-layerbuild-upDisadvantages:morecomplexprocesslayouthigh(er)energyconsumptionhigh(er)investmentcost现在是49页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Cascadesinglepasssystem现在是50页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Two-stagerecirculationsystem现在是51页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日FoulingofmembranesFoulingReversiblefoulingIrreversiblefoulingBiofoulingPoreblockingScalingfoul

a.1.肮脏的,污浊的;2.恶臭的;(食物)腐败的;3.邪恶的,可恶的;4.下流的,恶语咒骂的;5.(天气等)恶劣的;(风)逆的;6.(比赛中)犯规的;7.(水管等)堵塞的;8.(绳索等)被缠住的ad.1.违反规则地;不正当地n.1.(比赛中)犯规[C][(+against/on)]vt.1.弄脏;污染;玷污;2.使堵塞;3.缠住;4.碰撞vi.1.腐败,腐烂;2.(管道等)堵塞[(+up)];3.(比赛中)犯规;4.(绳索等)缠结现在是52页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日ResistanceModelI=ER1+R2+R3ER1R2R3IRmRcRgRpJvJv=DPm(Rc+Rg+Rp

+Rm)SeparationofresistancefactorstoCake,Gel,Plugging,Membrane.现在是53页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日RejectionbyUF/MFmembranesGlobularProteinLinearpolymerSolutePepsinCytochromeCPolydextranMW(kDa)3513100Rejection(%)90700PoroussupportSelectivemembraneskinGlobularproteinLinearmacromolecule现在是54页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日CakelayerformationMembraneParticleColloid/proteinCake/foulinglayerFlowdirectionDrivingforce∆p现在是55页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日FoulinginMF/UFDecreaseinfluxdueto:Pore-plugging,adsorptionandcake-layerformationNoconcentrationpolarizationofsalts

noscalingIngeneralconcentratedfeedsolutionscontaininglargeparticles(size10nm–25µm).

Thisresultsinlowback-diffusionrates,fastcakelayerbuild-upandporeblocking

lowproduct-fluxes(1/10oftheCWF)Complexcakelayerstructure现在是56页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日FoulinginNF/ROFoulingbehaviordiffersfromUF/MFdueto:Lowerfluxesandpresenceofsmallermoleculeshigherback-diffusionandingeneralnothickcakelayerformationChargedmembranesurfaces(ingeneralnegative)adsorptionofcolloidsandbiologicalmatterScaling(CaSO4,CaCO3)现在是57页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Foulingreduction/cleaningMembranepropertiesandmoduledesignOptimumprocessconditions(lowTMP)Cleaningregimehydrauliccleaning(backwash,forwardflushandairflush©)chemicalcleaningrelaxationPre-treatmentofthefeed

(flocculation/coagulation,pH

adjustment)现在是58页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Backwash(=Backflush)SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flow现在是59页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日SuspensionMembranePermeateFiltration

modeBackflushing

modeto

drainFluxTimewith

backflushingwithout0negative

flowBackwash(=Backflush)现在是60页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日ForwardFlushproduction forwardflush现在是61页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日BackFlushproduction forwardflush& backflushpermeate现在是62页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日AirFlushAirFlush®bubbleflowslugflowannularflow现在是63页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日ForwardFlushwithairflushproduction forwardflushwith airflush&backflush现在是64页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Membranefiltrationsemidead-endMembraneWastewaterPermeatefeed现在是65页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Dead-endproduction-run,start

buildingupfoulinglayerpermeatepermeatepermeatepermeatefeedMembranemodule现在是66页\一共有72页\编辑于星期日Dead-endatendofproductionrunBuildingupfoulinglayerProductionofpermeatedecreases