高中定语从句要点讲解

定语从句三部曲1.找出先行词；2.确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语，状语；3.选择正确的关系词。几个关系代词的基本用法thatthat:可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于whichAletter________iswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.Doyouknowthegentleman_________spokejustnow?Whatisthequestion________theyaretalkingabout?Hereistheman______________youwanttosee.只能用that不能用which的情况1.先行词为不定代词时：all,much,everything,anything,nothing,something,none,theone.2.先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等修饰时；3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时；4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时；5.先行词既有人又有物时；6.先行词是数次时；(two,ten,ahundred)7.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；8.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；9.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词；10.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。(主语+be+n./adj.;主语+系动词+adj.)即学即用1.Thewriterandhisnovel____youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.2.Themostimportantthing____shouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.3.Thelastplace____wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.4.There'snothing____canbesaidaboutit.5.Thisisthethirdfilm____hasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwo____arestillalive.2.Whoistheman____isstandingatthegate?3.That'sagoodbook_____willhelpyoualot.4.Thereisstillaseatinthecorner____isstillfree.5.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings_____hadneverbeenseenbefore.逗号和介词后面不能用thatwhichwhich:指物；可作主语，宾语，状语。1.Thebook_____wasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.2.Thebook_____Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.Thefactory_____hisfatherworksisfarfromhere.只能用which不能用that的情况：1.介词后面只能用which；IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?2.非限定性定语从句中。MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.3.当关系代词后面带有插入语时；Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.4.先行词是those+复数名词.

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.who,whom,whosewho:主格,在从句中作主语，只可指人；

whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人；

whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

（whose=ofwhich或ofwhom）Ilikethestudentswhoworkhard.

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.

Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.只能用who不能用that的情况1.先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时；Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.2.在非限定性定语从句中；Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.3．在therebe开头的句子中。Hereisaboywhowantstoseeyou.Idon’tbelievethereasonthat/whichhegaveme.Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，不能用why引导。先行词在从句中做状语时，关系词才可以用when，where和why。补充当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导，that常可以省略。Thisisthewaythat

/inwhich

Idosuchthings.

Pleasedotheexperimentinthewaythat/whichIhaveshownyou.(做宾语)as的用法Hewasaforeigner,____Iknewfromhisaccent.

A.thatB.asC.whereD.why①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等结构中。Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.

I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，译为“正如”。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.补充无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中充当一定的成分，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。【误】ThisisthebookthatIborrowedityesterday.【误】TheEnglishCorneristheplacewherepeopleoftengotheretopracticetheirspokenEnglish.关系词的省略在下列情况下，关系词在非正式文体中可以省略:1.关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。Arethesekeys(thatwhich)youwerelookingfor？Theman(who/that)Iwassittingnexttoontheplanetalkedallthetime.2．以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)shewalks.Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.3．在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy结构中，when,where,why可省略。Ishallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.That'stheplace(where)hestayedwhenhewasinthecountry.定语从句重点总结只能用that的情况（10种情况）；不能用that的情况（2种情况）只能用which不能用that的情况（4种情况）；只能用who不能用that的情况（4种情况）；做状语的三个关系副词；当先行词为way时；as的用法；成分不能重复；关系词的省略。1.We’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogetherlastyear.A.whenB.thatC.howD.onwhich2.Thehighyellowbuildingoverthere,_____wassetuplastyear,isourofficebuilding.A.itB.thatC.whereD.which3.ItisthebestTVplay_____I’veseen.A.thatB.whichC.sinceD.and4.Ioftenhearfrommysister,_____worksasanengineer.A.thatB.whoC.heD.whom5.LastmonthIvisitedthehouse_____Iusedtoliveinmytwenties.A.whichB.whoC.inthatD.where6.Theday_____Iwastostartarrivedatlast.A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD.inthat7.Theoldwomanhastwosons,_____areteachers.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.allofthemD.neitherofthem8.Isthatthereason_____youdon’tagreewiththem?A.whatB.whichC.whyD.that9.Air,_____webreatheeveryday,isnecessarytolife.A./B.whichC.whatD.that10.I,_____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelp